LTL-R14FTGFH132T LED Lamp Specification Sheet - 5mm Right Angle - 3.0V/2.0V - 75mW/50mW - Green/Red-Orange - Simplified Chinese Technical Document

1. Product Overview

LTL-R14FTGFH132T is a through-hole mount LED lamp designed for use as a Circuit Board Indicator (CBI). It features a black plastic right-angle bracket (housing) combined with an LED element, providing a solid-state light source suitable for various electronic devices. The product is designed for easy assembly onto a Printed Circuit Board (PCB).

1.1 Core Features and Advantages

• Easy to Assemble:Design optimization facilitates direct assembly onto the circuit board.
• Enhanced Contrast:The black housing enhances the visual contrast of the illuminated indicator light.
• Solid-State Reliability:Utilizes LED technology to provide a durable, shock-resistant light source.
• High Energy Efficiency:Features low power consumption and high luminous efficacy.
• Environmental Compliance:This is a lead-free product compliant with the RoHS directive.
• Optical Design:The T-1 (5mm) lamp is available in two colors: a 530nm green based on InGaN and a 600nm red-orange based on AlInGaP, both featuring a white diffused lens for a wide viewing angle.

1.2 Target Applications

This LED is suitable for a wide range of electronic applications, including but not limited to:

• Status indicator for communication equipment.
• Status lights for computers and peripheral devices.
• Consumer electronics, such as audio-video equipment, home appliances, and toys.

2. Technical Parameters: An Objective In-depth Interpretation

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

These ratings define the limits beyond which permanent damage to the device may occur. Operation at or near these limits is not recommended as it may affect reliability.

• Power Dissipation (Pd):Green: max 75 mW; Red-Orange: max 50 mW. This parameter is crucial for thermal management design.
• Peak Forward Current (I_FP):Both colors are 60 mA. This is the maximum pulse current allowed under specific conditions (duty cycle ≤ 1/10, pulse width ≤ 10µs).
• DC Forward Current (I_F):Both colors are 20 mA. This is the recommended maximum continuous operating current.
• Operating temperature range (T_opr):-30°C to +85°C. The device is guaranteed to operate normally within this ambient temperature range.
• Storage temperature range (T_stg):-40°C to +100°C.
• Pin soldering temperature:Maximum 260°C for 5 seconds, measurement point 2.0mm (0.079 inches) from LED body. This is critical for hand soldering or wave soldering processes.

2.2 Electrical and Optical Characteristics

These parameters are measured at an ambient temperature (T_A) of 25°C, defining the typical performance of the device.

• Luminous intensity (I_v):Measured at I_F= 5mA. Green: typical value 310 mcd (minimum 85, maximum 400 mcd). Red-orange: typical value 65 mcd (minimum 18, maximum 240 mcd). Actual intensity is binned (see Section 4). Guaranteed I_v.
• Viewing angle (2θ_1/2):Both colors have a viewing angle of approximately 100 degrees. This is the full angle at which the luminous intensity drops to half of its axial (on-axis) value, indicating a wide, diffuse light pattern.
• Peak Wavelength (λ_P):Green: 530 nm; Red-Orange: 611 nm. This is the wavelength at which the spectral emission is strongest.
• Dominant Wavelength (λ_d):Green: 520-535 nm; Red-orange: 596-612 nm. This is the single wavelength perceived by the human eye, derived from the CIE chromaticity diagram. It is also binned (see Section 4).
• Spectral line half-width (Δλ):Green: 17 nm; Red-orange: 20 nm. This indicates the spectral purity or bandwidth of the emitted light.
• Forward voltage (V_F):Measured at I_F= 5mA ake yi. Green: typical value 3.0V (minimum 2.0V, maximum 4.0V). Red-orange: typical value 2.0V (minimum 1.5V, maximum 3.0V). This is crucial for calculating the current-limiting resistor.
• Reverse current (I_R):At V_R= 5V, the maximum for both colors is 10 µA.

3. Bin System Description

LEDs are sorted (binned) according to key optical parameters to ensure consistency within the same production batch. The binning code is marked on the packaging bag.

3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning

LED an rarraba su bisa ga ƙarfinsa na haske da aka auna a ƙarƙashin 5mA.

Rarrabawar LED kore:
EF: 85 - 140 mcd
GH: 140 - 240 mcd
JK: 240 - 400 mcd

Red-orange LED binning:
3Y3Z: 18 - 30 mcd
AB: 30 - 50 mcd
CD: 50 - 85 mcd

Note: The tolerance for each grade limit is ±15%.

3.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning

LEDs are also grouped according to their dominant wavelength to control color consistency.

Green LED Wavelength Binning:
1: 520 - 525 nm
2: 525 - 530 nm
3: 530 - 535 nm

Red-orange LED wavelength binning:
1: 596 - 600 nm
2: 600 - 606 nm
3: 606 - 612 nm

Note: The tolerance for each bin limit is ±1 nm.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

Typical performance curves (as referenced in the datasheet) illustrate the relationship between key parameters. This is crucial for understanding the device's behavior under different operating conditions.

4.1 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)

This curve shows the exponential relationship between the current flowing through the LED and the voltage across its terminals. Green (higher V_F) and red-orange (lower V_FThe curve for different models will vary. Designers use this curve to select an appropriate current-limiting resistor for a given power supply voltage.

4.2 Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current

This curve shows how the light output increases with the drive current. It is typically linear within the recommended operating range but saturates at higher currents. Operating beyond the absolute maximum ratings may lead to accelerated aging or failure.

4.3 Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature

The light output of an LED decreases as its junction temperature increases. This curve is crucial for applications operating over a wide temperature range, as it helps predict the minimum light output at the maximum operating temperature.

4.4 Spectral Distribution

These charts show the relative radiant power of each LED color across the entire wavelength spectrum. The green LED will show a peak near 530nm, while the red-orange LED shows a peak near 611nm. The FWHM value indicates the spectral broadening.

5. Mechanical and Packaging Information

5.1 External Dimensions

This device utilizes a standard T-1 (5mm) LED lamp, encapsulated within a black plastic right-angle bracket. Key dimensional specifications include:

• All dimensions are in millimeters (inches in parentheses).
• Unless otherwise specified, the standard tolerance is ±0.25mm (0.010 inches).
• The housing material is black plastic.
• LED lamp itself has a white diffusing lens.

Note: For specific dimensions, please refer to the detailed dimension drawing in the original specification.

5.2 Polarity Identification

Through-hole LEDs typically have a longer anode (+) pin and a shorter cathode (-) pin. Additionally, the LED casing usually has a flat edge near the cathode pin. Correct polarity must be observed during assembly.

5.3 Packaging Specification

LEDs are supplied in tape and reel packaging, suitable for automated assembly.

• Carrier Tape:Made from black conductive polystyrene alloy, thickness 0.50 ±0.06 mm.
• Reel quantity:Provided on 13-inch reels, containing 100, 200, or 400 pieces.
• Carton packaging:
  • One reel is packaged in a Moisture Barrier Bag (MBB) together with one Humidity Indicator Card and desiccant.
  • Two Moisture Barrier Bags (assuming 400 pieces per reel, 800 pieces total) are packaged in one inner box.
  • Ten inner boxes (total 8000 pieces) are packed in one outer carton.

6. Welding and Assembly Guide

6.1 Storage Conditions

• Sealed Packaging:Store at ≤30°C and ≤70% RH. Use within one year after the package sealing date.
• Opened Packaging:If the Moisture Barrier Bag (MBB) is opened, the storage environment shall not exceed 30°C and 60% RH.
• Floor Life:Components removed from the original Moisture Barrier Bag shall be soldered within 168 hours (7 days) (e.g., for SMT components via IR reflow; for through-hole components, this refers to general assembly/wave soldering preparation).
• Extended Storage/Baking:For components stored outside their original packaging for more than 168 hours, it is recommended to bake them at approximately 60°C for at least 48 hours before soldering to remove absorbed moisture and prevent "popcorn" effect or other moisture-induced defects.

6.2 Pin Forming and Processing

• Bend the leads at least 3mm away from the LED lens base.
• Do not use the base of the lead frame as a fulcrum during bending.
• All lead forming operations should be performed at room temperature, and在 soldering.
• During PCB assembly, apply the minimum necessary clamping force to avoid excessive mechanical stress on the LED body.

6.3 Soldering Process

• Keep the minimum gap between the lens base and the solder joint at 2mm.
• Avoid immersing the lens in solder.
• Do not apply external stress to the pins when the LED is at a high temperature due to soldering.
• Hand soldering is recommended:Use a temperature-controlled soldering iron. The tip temperature should be set appropriately according to the solder alloy. The soldering time per pin should be minimized, typically not exceeding 3-5 seconds, and the absolute maximum of 260°C for 5 seconds at 2mm from the body must be observed.

6.4 Cleaning

If cleaning is required after soldering, use alcohol-based solvents such as isopropanol. Avoid using strong or unknown chemical cleaners that may damage plastic lenses or housings.

7. Application Recommendations

7.1 Typical Application Circuit

The most common application is as a status indicator powered by a DC voltage rail (e.g., 3.3V, 5V, 12V). The current-limiting resistor (R_series) is required, and calculated using Ohm's Law: R_series= (V_supply- V_F) / I_F. For conservative design, please use the typical value or maximum V from the datasheet._F. For example, to drive a green LED with a 5V supply at 5mA: R = (5V - 3.0V) / 0.005A = 400 Ω. A standard 390 Ω or 430 Ω resistor is suitable.

7.2 Design Considerations

• Current Drive:To achieve the longest service life and stable light output, please drive the LED at or below the recommended DC forward current (20mA). For indicator applications, using a lower current (e.g., 5-10mA) is common and can improve efficiency and lifespan.
• Thermal Management:Although power consumption is low, ensure sufficient airflow within the housing if multiple LEDs are used or if the ambient temperature is high. Operating at high currents increases junction temperature, thereby reducing light output and lifespan.
• Viewing Angle:A 100-degree viewing angle makes this LED suitable for applications where the indicator needs to be visible from a wide range of positions.
• Color Options:Don irin wannan ƙarfin haske (mcd), LED kore yawanci yana bayyana da haske a idon mutum fiye da ja-orange. Wannan ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi lokacin daidaita haske a cikin nunin launuka da yawa.

8. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

LTL-R14FTGFH132T yana ba da takamaiman fa'idodi a cikin rukuninsa:

• Right-angle form factor:The integrated right-angle black bracket distinguishes it from standard radial LEDs, offering built-in spacing and a specific mounting orientation without the need for a separate socket.
• Contrast enhancement:The black housing is a key feature that significantly improves the contrast between the off state (black) and the lit state (colored light), making the indicator easier to read, especially under bright ambient light.
• Binning Ensures Consistency:It provides detailed luminous intensity and wavelength binning, allowing designers to select components for applications requiring strict color or brightness matching between multiple indicators.
• The same package offers dual-color options:Providing both green and red-orange models in the same mechanical package simplifies inventory and PCB design for systems using multiple status colors.

9. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)

9.1 What value of resistor should be used when operating with a 5V power supply?

It depends on the required current and LED color. For a green LED at 5mA: R ≈ (5V - 3.0V) / 0.005A = 400Ω. For a red-orange LED at 5mA: R ≈ (5V - 2.0V) / 0.005A = 600Ω. For conservative design, to ensure the target current is not exceeded, always use the maximum supply voltage and minimum V_Ffor the calculation.

9.2 Can I operate this LED continuously at 20mA?

Ndiyo, 20mA ndiyo mkondo wa moja kwa moja unaopendekezwa kwa kiwango cha juu. Hata hivyo, kwa matumizi ya kawaida ya kiashiria, 5-10mA kwa kawaida inatosha, na itapunguza matumizi ya nguvu, na inaweza kuongeza maisha ya huduma. Hakikisha muundo wako hauzidi nguvu kamili ya juu zaidi (kijani kibichi 75mW, nyekundu-machungwa 50mW) chini ya mkondo uliochaguliwa na voltage halisi ya mbele.

9.3 Why is there a ±15% tolerance for luminous intensity?

This tolerance accounts for measurement deviations and minor production variations even within the same bin. The binning system (EF, GH, JK, etc.) provides a tighter guaranteed range. The ±15% applies to the limits of these bins, meaning a part from the GH bin (140-240 mcd) is guaranteed to be within 140±15% and 240±15% mcd.

9.4 How critical is the 168-hour floor life after opening the packaging bag?

This is a recommended guideline to prevent moisture-related soldering defects. If exposed components absorb excessive moisture from the ambient air, rapid heating during soldering can cause internal delamination or cracking. If this limit is exceeded, please follow the baking procedure (60°C, 48 hours) prior to soldering.

10. Practical Application Examples

Scenario: Designing a multi-state panel for a network router.

The designer is creating a front panel with three indicator lights: Power (green), Network Activity (flashing green), and Fault (red-orange).

1. Component Selection:They selected LTL-R14FTGFH132T for all three positions. The right-angle bracket provides a consistent, professional appearance and simplifies assembly. The black housing ensures high contrast with the panel.
2. Circuit Design:The system uses a 3.3V MCU power rail. For the green "Power" LED, they chose to drive it at 8mA for good visibility. Using a typical V_Fvalue of 3.0V: R = (3.3V - 3.0V) / 0.008A = 37.5Ω. A 39Ω resistor was selected. Using its V for the red-orange LED._FPerform the same calculation for a value of 2.0V.
3. Bin consideration:To ensure the brightness of the two green LEDs (power and activity) matches, the designer specified the same luminous intensity bin (e.g., GH) for both in the Bill of Materials (BOM).
4. PCB layout:PCB footprint is designed according to the dimension drawing in the datasheet. The designer ensures correct hole spacing and aperture, and provides a clear silkscreen mark for the cathode (flat side).
5. Assembly and Storage:The production team receives components packaged in tape and reel. They ensure the moisture barrier bag is opened only shortly before needed on the assembly line, adhering to the 168-hour guideline. Any remaining reels are stored in a dry cabinet.

11. Brief Introduction to Working Principles

A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light through electroluminescence. When a forward voltage is applied across the p-n junction, electrons from the n-type material recombine with holes from the p-type material in the active region. This recombination process releases energy in the form of photons (light). The specific color (wavelength) of the emitted light is determined by the bandgap energy of the semiconductor material used in the active region.

• In this productGreen LEDUsing indium gallium nitride (InGaN) compound semiconductor, whose band gap corresponds to light in the blue-green spectrum.
• In this productRed-orange LEDUsing aluminum indium gallium phosphide (AlInGaP) compound semiconductor, whose band gap corresponds to light in the yellow-red spectrum.
• In this productWhite diffuser lensMade from epoxy or silicone with scattering particles. It serves two purposes: 1) Protect the fragile semiconductor chip; 2) Scatter light, which, compared to a transparent lens, broadens the viewing angle and creates a more uniform, softer appearance.

12. Technology Trends

Although through-hole LEDs like the T-1 package remain crucial for many applications, especially in prototyping, industrial control, and areas requiring manual assembly or high reliability, the broader trends in the LED industry are also noteworthy:

• Miniaturization:There is a strong trend towards smaller surface-mount device (SMD) packages (e.g., 0603, 0402) for high-density PCB design. However, through-hole components offer superior mechanical strength and are often preferred in high-vibration environments.
• Efficiency Improvement:Ongoing improvements in internal quantum efficiency and light extraction techniques are continuously increasing the luminous efficacy (more light output per watt of electrical input) for all LED colors, including green and red.
• Color Consistency and Binning:Advances in epitaxial growth and manufacturing control have continuously reduced variations in wavelength and intensity, enabling tighter binning and reducing the need for sorting, although precise binning remains crucial for high-end applications.
• Smart Integration:The growth of "smart" indicator lights that integrate control ICs (for dimming, sequencing, or addressability) directly into the LED package. While this is more common in SMD RGB LEDs, the demand for intelligent status indication may influence future through-hole form factors.

LTL-R14FTGFH132T represents a mature, reliable, and well-specified component that continues to effectively serve a wide range of basic electronic indicator needs.