Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na Fitilar LED T-1 3mm Mai Ramin Gida - Ja/Kore - 2.6V - 78mW - Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakken ƙayyadaddun fasaha na fitilar LED T-1 (3mm) mai diamita. An tsara shi don aikace-aikacen nuna matsayi da siginar, wannan kayan yana samuwa a cikin bambance-bambancen launi na ja da kore tare da ruwan tabarau mai watsawa fari. Ana siffanta na'urar da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, ingantaccen aiki, da bin ka'idojin muhalli marasa gubar da RoHS. Ƙungiyarsa ta T-1 mai ƙarancin girma, daidai da ma'auni na masana'antu, ya sa ya dace da kayan lantarki iri-iri inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen amsa na gani.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan fitilar LED sun haɗa da ingantaccen amincin da aka tabbatar a cikin marufi mai rami, ingantaccen ƙarfin haske don girmansa, da faɗin kusurwar kallo wanda ke tabbatar da kyakkyawan gani. An tsara shi don sassauci, tare da zaɓuɓɓukan ƙarfi da kusurwar kallo da yawa a ka'ida don kowane launi. Kasuwannin da ake nufi suna da faɗi, sun haɗa da kayan sadarwa, na'urorin kwamfuta, kayan lantarki na masu amfani, da kayan aikin gida inda fitilu masu nuni masu ƙarfi, masu dogon rai suke da muhimmanci.

2. Zurfafa cikin Ma'aunin Fasaha

Fahimtar cikakken ma'auni na lantarki da na gani yana da mahimmanci don nasarar ƙirar da'ira da cimma aikin da ake so.

2.1 Iyakar Ma'auni Mafi Girma

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda bayansu lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki a waje da waɗannan iyakokin ba. Babban ma'auni iri ɗaya ne ga nau'ikan ja da kore: matsakaicin raguwar wutar lantarki na 78mW, ci gaba da gudun gaba na DC (I_F) na 30mA, da kololuwar gudun gaba na 120mA a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (duty cycle ≤1/10, faɗin bugun jini ≤10µs). Na'urar na iya aiki a cikin yanayin zafin muhalli daga -30°C zuwa +85°C kuma ana adana shi daga -40°C zuwa +100°C. Za a iya jure wa igiyoyin a 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5 lokacin da aka auna 2.0mm daga jikin LED.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki & Na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na zafin muhalli 25°C da gudun gaba na 20mA, wanda ke aiki azaman daidaitaccen wurin aiki.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_v):Fitowar haske na axial. Ƙimar al'ada ita ce millicandelas 65 (mcd) ga duka launuka, tare da mafi ƙanƙanta na 38 mcd da matsakaicin kai 310 mcd, yana nuna faɗuwar aiki mai mahimmanci da tsarin rarrabuwa ke sarrafawa.
• Kusurwar Kallo (2θ_1/2):An ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar axial. Wannan fitila tana da faɗin kusurwar kallo mai faɗin digiri 120, yana ba da ingantaccen gani na kashe-axis.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):Ragewar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED a 20mA. Ya bambanta daga 2.0V zuwa 2.6V ga duka LED ja da kore. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi la'akari da wannan kewayon lokacin lissafin ƙimar resistor na jerin.
• Kololuwar Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon & Rinjaye:Ga LED ja, tsayin tsayin fitarwa mafi girma (λ_P) shine 660nm, kuma tsayin tsayin rinjaye (λ_d) shine 638nm. Ga LED kore, λ_Pshine 565nm, kuma λ_dya bambanta daga 569nm zuwa 574nm dangane da kwandon.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):Kimanin 20nm don ja da 15nm don kore, yana bayyana tsaftar bakan hasken da aka fitar.
• Gudun Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 100µA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya na 5V. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa wannan na'urarba a tsara shi don aikin baya ba; wannan yanayin gwaji don siffanta kawai ne.

3. Ƙayyadaddun Tsarin Rarrabuwa

Don sarrafa bambance-bambancen halitta a cikin masana'antar semiconductor, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki. Wannan yana tabbatar da daidaito a cikin yawan samarwa.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken

Ana rarraba ƙarfin haske ta amfani da lambar harafi biyu (misali BC, DE, FG, HJ). Wannan rarrabuwa ya bambanta ga LED ja da kore. Misali, kwandon 'BC' ya ƙunshi 38 zuwa 65 mcd, yayin da kwandon 'HJ' ya ƙunshi 180 zuwa 310 mcd. Haƙuri akan kowane iyakar kwandon shine ±15%. Wannan tsarin yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar matakin ƙarfi wanda ya dace da buƙatun haske na aikace-aikacensu.

3.2 Rarrabuwar Tsayin Tsawon Rinjaye (Kore Kawai)

LED kore suna ƙara rarrabuwa ta tsayin tsawon rinjaye don tabbatar da daidaiton launi. Ana sanya kwandon a matsayin H06 (565-568nm), H07 (568-570nm), H08 (570-572nm), da H09 (572-574nm). Haƙuri ga kowane iyakar kwandon shine ±1nm. Wannan madaidaicin rarrabuwa yana da mahimmanci a aikace-aikacen da takamaiman maki launi ko daidaitawa tsakanin LED kore da yawa suke da mahimmanci.

4. Bayanin Injiniya & Marufi

4.1 Girman Bayyanawa

LED ya yi daidai da daidaitaccen marufi na T-1 (3mm) mai igiya na radial. Mahimman girma sun haɗa da diamita na jiki, tazarar jagora, da tsayin gabaɗaya. Ana auna tazarar jagora a inda jagororin suka fito daga jikin marufi. Haƙuri yawanci ±0.25mm ne sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba. Ana ba da izinin matsakaicin tsawaita guduro na 1.0mm a ƙarƙashin flange. Ya kamata masu ƙira su koma cikin cikakken zanen girma a cikin takardar bayanan don ainihin ma'auni lokacin ƙirar sawun PCB ko yankewar panel.

4.2 Gano Polarity

Ana nuna polarity ta tsayin jagora. Doguwar jagora ita ce anode (tabbatacce), kuma ɗan gajeren jagora shine cathode (maras kyau). Wannan al'ada ce ta al'ada ga LED masu jagora na radial. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya nuna gefen cathode ta wurin fili a kan flange na filastik na ruwan tabarau na LED.

4.3 Ƙayyadaddun Tattarawa

Ana tattara LED a cikin jakunkunan anti-static waɗanda ke ɗauke da guda 500, 200, ko 100. Ana sanya goma daga cikin waɗannan jakunkunan a cikin akwati na ciki, jimlar guda 5,000. A ƙarshe, ana tattara akwatuna takwas na ciki a cikin akwatin jigilar waje, wanda ya haifar da daidaitaccen yawan jigilar kaya na guda 40,000. An lura cewa a cikin yawan jigilar kaya, kawai tattarawar ƙarshe na iya zama mara cikakken tattarawa.

5. Jagororin Solder & Haɗawa

Kula da kyau yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye amincin da hana lalacewa.

5.1 Yanayin Ajiya

Don ajiyar dogon lokaci a waje da ainihin marufi, ya kamata muhallin bai wuce 30°C ko 70% zafi ba. Ya kamata a yi amfani da LED da aka cire daga ainihin marufinsu a cikin watanni uku. Don tsawaita ajiya, ya kamata a ajiye su a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da bushewa ko a cikin desiccator mai tsabtace nitrogen.

5.2 Samuwar Jagora

Idan jagororin suna buƙatar lanƙwasa, dole ne lanƙwasa ya faru a wani wuri aƙalla 3mm nesa da gindin ruwan tabarau na LED. Kada a yi amfani da gindin firam ɗin jagora azaman fulcrum. Dole ne a yi duk samuwar a daidaitaccen zafin daki kumakafintsarin solder. Yayin shigar da PCB, yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙulla don guje wa sanya matsin lamba na injiniya mai yawa akan jikin LED.

5.3 Tsarin Solder

Dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙarancin sharewa na 2mm tsakanin gindin ruwan tabarau da wurin solder. Kada a taɓa nutsar da ruwan tabarau a cikin solder. Kada a yi amfani da damuwa na waje ga jagororin yayin da LED yake da babban zafin jiki.

• Ƙarfe na Solder:Matsakaicin zafin jiki 350°C, matsakaicin lokaci dakika 3 kowace jagora (sau ɗaya kawai).
• Solder Wave:Pre-heat zuwa matsakaicin 100°C har zuwa dakika 60. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na igiyar solder 260°C, matsakaicin lokacin tuntuɓe dakika 5. Matsayin tsoma dole ne bai zama ƙasa da 2mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na epoxy ba.
• Muhimmin Bayanin Kula:Solder sake kunnawa na Infrared (IR)bai dace baga wannan samfurin LED mai rami gida. Yawan zafin jiki ko lokaci na iya haifar da nakasar ruwan tabarau ko gazawar bala'i.

5.4 Tsaftacewa

Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole bayan solder, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da kaushi na tushen barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol (IPA).

6. Ƙirar Da'ira ta Tuƙi & Bayanan Aikace-aikace

6.1 Hanyar Tuƙi da Ake Ba da Shawara

LED na'urori ne masu aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin tuka LED da yawa a layi daya,ana ba da shawarar sosaidon amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na mutum ɗaya a cikin jerin tare da kowane LED. Tsarin da aka yiwa alama 'Circuit A' a cikin takardar bayanan yana kwatanta wannan tsari. Ƙoƙarin tuka LED da yawa a layi daya daga resistor guda ɗaya ('Circuit B') ba a ƙarfafa shi ba, saboda ɗan bambanci a cikin halayen ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) na kowane LED zai haifar da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin raba halin yanzu kuma, saboda haka, rashin daidaiton haske.

6.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Lantarki (ESD)

Waɗannan LED suna da saukin lalacewa daga zubar da lantarki. Ya kamata a aiwatar da cikakken shirin sarrafa ESD a yankin sarrafawa:

• Dole ne ma'aikata su sanya bel ɗin wuyan ƙasa ko safofin hannu masu hana lantarki.
• Dole ne duk kayan aiki, wuraren aiki, da rumfunan ajiya su kasance da ƙasa da kyau.
• Ana ba da shawarar ionizer (iska mai ion) don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na filastik saboda gogayya yayin sarrafawa.
• Horarwa na yau da kullun da takaddun shaida ga ma'aikatan da ke aiki a wuraren da aka kare ESD suna da mahimmanci.

6.3 Iyakar Aikace-aikace da Iyakoki

Wannan fitilar LED ta dace da aikace-aikacen nuni na gabaɗaya a cikin alamun ciki da waje, da kuma na'urorin lantarki na yau da kullun. Faɗin kusurwar kallo ya sa ya dace da fitilun matsayi na gaban panel. Ya kamata masu ƙira su tabbatar cewa wurin aiki (halin yanzu) ya kasance cikin iyakar ma'auni mafi girma kuma suyi la'akari da tasirin zafin muhalli akan fitowar haske da tsawon rai. Ba a nufin na'urar don aikin bias na baya ko azaman tushen haske don dalilai na haskakawa.

7. Launuka na Aiki & La'akari da Zafin Jiki

Yayin da ba a ƙididdige takamaiman maki na lanƙwasa a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, takardun bayanan al'ada na irin waɗannan sassa sun haɗa da siffofi masu mahimmanci don ƙira.

7.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Lanƙwasa I-V yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni tsakanin halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki. Lanƙwasa don LED ja (tare da mafi girman tsayin tsayi) zai kasance yawanci yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba don wani halin yanzu idan aka kwatanta da LED kore, ko da yake takardar bayanan ta ƙayyade irin wannan kewayon ga duka biyun. Wannan lanƙwasa yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar ƙimar resistor na jerin da ya dace don cimma halin yanzu na aiki da ake so akan ƙayyadaddun V_Fkewayon da bambance-bambancen wutar lantarki.

7.2 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan lanƙwasa gabaɗaya layi ne a kan babban kewayon. Fitowar haske yana daidai da halin yanzu na gaba. Duk da haka, aiki sama da shawarar halin yanzu na ci gaba zai rage inganci saboda ƙarin zafi kuma yana iya rage tsawon rai na na'urar. Matsakaicin gwaji na 20mA daidaitaccen abu ne don kwatanta haske.

7.3 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Zafin Muhalli

Fitowar hasken LED yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya karu. Yayin da na'urar ke aiki daga -30°C zuwa +85°C, ƙarfin haske zai fi girma a ƙananan yanayin zafi. Don aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a babban yanayin zafi na muhalli ko a manyan halayen tuƙi, la'akari da sarrafa zafi (kamar yankin tagulla na PCB don zubar da zafi ta hanyar jagororin) na iya zama dacewa don kiyaye ingantaccen fitowar haske.

7.4 Rarraba Bakan

Jadawalin fitarwa na bakan yana nuna ƙarfin dangi a kan tsayin tsayi. Zai kai kololuwa a ƙayyadadden tsayin tsayin kololuwa (λ_P- 660nm don ja, 565nm don kore). Ƙunƙarar rabin faɗin bakan yana nuna ingantaccen launin fitarwa, wanda shine halayen daidaitattun LED masu nuni ba tare da canzawa na phosphor ba.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha & La'akari da Ƙira

8.1 Kwatanta da Na'urorin LED na Surface-Mount (SMD)

Babban fa'idar wannan LED mai rami gida shine ƙarfin injiniyarsa da sauƙin haɗawa da ƙira na hannu, yana mai da shi mai dacewa don ƙarancin samarwa, ayyukan masu sha'awar, ko aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar babban aminci akan girgiza. SMD LED suna ba da ƙaramin sawun ƙafa kuma sun fi dacewa da haɗin PCB mai sarrafa kansa, mai yawa. Har ila yau, marufi na T-1 yawanci yana ba da damar mafi girman raguwar wutar lantarki fiye da takwarorinsu masu girman iri ɗaya saboda dogon jagororinsa suna aiki azaman hanyoyin zafi.

8.2 Muhimman La'akari da Ƙira

• Iyakance Halin Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin. Lissafa ƙimarsa bisa ƙarfin wutar lantarki (V_CC), kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED (V_F), da halin yanzu na gaba da ake so (I_F). Yi amfani da dabara: R = (V_CC- V_F) / I_F. Zaɓi ƙimar wutar lantarki na resistor daidai.
• Daidaita Hasken:Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar LED iri ɗaya da yawa, ƙayyade lambobin kwandon ƙarfi da tsayin tsayi iri ɗaya daga mai samarwa don tabbatar da daidaiton gani.
• Kusurwar Kallo:Kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 tana da faɗi sosai. Idan ana buƙatar katako mafi ƙarancin jagora, za a buƙaci ruwan tabarau tare da ƙunƙuntacciyar kusurwar kallo.
• Ajiyar Dogon Lokaci:Ku bi jagororin ajiya don hana shan danshi, wanda zai iya haifar da 'popcorning' (fashewar marufi) yayin solder na gaba.