LTL30EGRPJ Through-Hole Bi-Color LED Datasheet - T-1 3/4 Package - Typical 2.1V - Red/Green - 78mW - Technical Documentation

1. Product Overview

The LTL30EGRPJ is a bicolor, common-cathode through-hole LED indicator, specifically designed for status indication and visual signaling applications. It utilizes a popular T-1 3/4 (approximately 5mm) diameter diffused package, integrating both red and green LED chips internally. This configuration allows a single component to display two distinct colors, controlled via its common-cathode terminal arrangement. The device features low power consumption, high luminous efficiency, compliance with lead-free and RoHS environmental standards, making it suitable for a wide range of modern electronic designs.

1.1 Fa'idodi na asali

• Dual-Color Output:Integrates red and green emitters within a compact package, saving PCB space and simplifying assembly compared to using two separate LEDs.
• High Efficiency:At a standard 20mA drive current, it can provide high luminous intensity (green up to 520 mcd, red up to 400 mcd), ensuring bright and clear visibility.
• Design Flexibility:The common cathode configuration simplifies circuit design, facilitating multiplexing or independent control of both colors using microcontrollers or logic circuits.
• Robust Construction:The through-hole design provides a secure mechanical connection to the PCB and is suitable for wave soldering processes.
• Environmental Compliance:Manufactured using lead-free processes and compliant with RoHS standards, meeting global environmental regulations.

1.2 Kasuwa da aikace-aikace da aka yi niyya

This LED is versatile and suitable for multiple industries requiring reliable, low-cost status indication. Its main application areas include:

• Communication Equipment:Status indicators on routers, modems, switches, and telecommunications equipment.
• Computer Peripherals:Power, activity, and mode indicators on keyboards, monitors, external drives, and printers.
• Consumer Electronics:Indicators on audio/video equipment, home appliances, toys, and gaming devices.
• Kayan gida:Alamun aiki, kunna, mai saita lokaci, da yanayin aiki akan microwave, injin wanki, da na'urar sanyaya iska.
• Sarrafa masana'antu:Alamun allo akan injinan kayan aiki, na'urorin gwaji, da tsarin sarrafawa.

2. Bincike mai zurfi na sigogi na fasaha

Fahimtar cikakke na sigogi na lantarki da na haske yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen ƙira da aiwatar da aikin da ake tsammani na kewayawa.

2.1 Matsakaicin ƙididdiga na cikakke

These ratings define the stress limits that may cause permanent damage to the device. Operation at or beyond these limits is not guaranteed.

• Power Dissipation (P_D):78 mW for both colors. This is the maximum power the LED package can dissipate as heat when the ambient temperature (T_A) is 25°C. Exceeding this limit risks overheating and reduced lifespan.
• DC Forward Current (I_F):30 mA continuous current for both colors. This is the recommended maximum continuous current for long-term reliable operation.
• Peak Forward Current:60 mA, permitted only under pulse conditions (duty cycle ≤ 10%, pulse width ≤ 10ms). Suitable for brief high-brightness flashes.
• Temperature Range:Operating Temperature: -30°C to +85°C; Storage Temperature: -40°C to +100°C. The device demonstrates robust performance across a wide industrial temperature range.
• Pin Soldering Temperature:260°C for a maximum of 5 seconds, measured at a point 2.0mm from the LED body. This is crucial for wave soldering or hand soldering processes to prevent thermal damage to the epoxy lens or internal bonding points.

2.2 Electrical and Optical Characteristics

These are typical performance parameters measured at T_A=25°C and I_F=20mA, providing a basis for design calculations.

• Luminous Intensity (I_v):Key optical parameter. Green: Typical value 310 mcd (Min 180, Max 520). Red: Typical value 240 mcd (Min 140, Max 400). Intensity is binned (see Section 4) to ensure consistency. Measurements include a ±30% test tolerance.
• Forward Voltage (V_F):Two colors: typical 2.1V (min 1.6V, max 2.6V). This parameter has distribution; the current-limiting resistor value must be calculated using the maximum V_Fto ensure the current does not exceed the maximum rating under all conditions.
• Viewing Angle (2θ_1/2):Both colors are approximately 50 degrees. This is the full angle at which the luminous intensity drops to half of its axial peak. The diffused lens provides a wide, uniform cone of light, suitable for panel indicators.
• Wavelength: Peak Wavelength (λ_P):Green: 573 nm; Red: 639 nm.Dominant Wavelength (λ_d):Green: 566-578 nm; Red: 621-642 nm. The dominant wavelength determines the perceived color. The red LED is located in the standard red region, while the green is in the pure green spectrum.
• Spectral line half-width (Δλ):Both are approximately 20 nm, indicating relatively pure color emission.
• Reverse current (I_R):At V_R=5V, maximum 100 μA.Important note:This device is not designed for operation under reverse bias. Applying reverse voltage is for test purposes only and should be avoided in application circuits, typically by ensuring correct polarity or using protection diodes in AC or bipolar drive scenarios.

3. Binning System Specifications

Don kula bambancin halitta a cikin tsarin samar da semiconductor, ana rarraba LED bisa aikin su. Wannan yana tabbatar da masu zane suna samun na'urori masu daidaitaccen fitar da haske a cikin ƙayyadaddun iyaka.

LTL30EGRPJ yana amfani da lambobin rarrabuwa masu zaman kansu don guntu kore da ja, bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da aka auna a 20mA.

• Rarrabuwar guntu kore:
  • HJ rarrabuwa:Ƙarfin haske daga 180 mcd zuwa 310 mcd.
  • KL rarrabuwa:Ƙarfin haske daga 310 mcd zuwa 520 mcd.
• Red Chip Binning:
  • GH Bin:Luminous intensity ranges from 140 mcd to 240 mcd.
  • JK Bin:Luminous intensity ranges from 240 mcd to 400 mcd.

Critical Tolerance:Each bin has a ±30% tolerance on its limit values. This means a device from the HJ bin (180-310 mcd) could measure as low as 126 mcd (180 - 30%) or as high as 403 mcd (310 + 30%) during verification. Designers must account for this potential brightness distribution when specifying the required minimum brightness level for their application.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

Although the datasheet references specific graphical curves (Typical Electrical/Optical Characteristics curves on page 4/9), their fundamental relationships are standard representations of LED behavior and are crucial for understanding.

4.1 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage Relationship (I-V Curve)

An LED is a diode exhibiting an exponential I-V relationship. The specified V_Frange (1.6V to 2.6V) at 20mA highlights this variation. A slight voltage increase beyond the typical point causes a large and potentially destructive current surge. This underscores the absolute necessity of using a series current-limiting resistor or a constant-current driver (not a constant-voltage source) for safe LED operation.

4.2 Relationship between Luminous Intensity and Forward Current

Luminous intensity is approximately proportional to forward current. Operating below 20mA reduces brightness; operating above this value (up to the 30mA maximum) increases brightness but also raises power dissipation and junction temperature, potentially affecting lifespan and causing color shift. Pulsed driving at higher peak currents (within the 60mA rating) enables very high instantaneous brightness.

4.3 Temperature Dependence

LED performance is sensitive to temperature. As the junction temperature increases:

• Forward Voltage (V_F):Slightly decreases. If driven by a constant voltage source with a resistor, this may cause an increase in current, further raising the temperature—potentially leading to thermal runaway in poorly designed circuits.
• Luminous Intensity (I_v):Decreases. High temperatures reduce the efficiency of light output.
• Wavelength (λ_d):Slightly shifts. For AlInGaP-based red LEDs, the wavelength may shift toward longer (redder) wavelengths with heat. For green LEDs (likely based on InGaN), the shift may be less pronounced or different.

Proper thermal management through PCB layout design and adherence to power dissipation limits is crucial for stable performance.

5. Mechanical and Packaging Information

5.1 Outline Dimensions

This device conforms to the standard T-1 3/4 radial lead package outline. Key dimensional specifications in the datasheet include:

• Dukar girma duk a milimita (inci).
• Matsakaicin yarda shine ±0.25mm (±0.010"), sai dai idan an faɗi wani abu.
• Ana ba da izinin ƙullin guduro har zuwa 1.0mm (0.04") a ƙarƙashin flange.
• Ana auna tazarar ƙugiya a inda ƙugiyar ta fito daga jikin kunshe, wannan yana da mahimmanci ga tazarar ramukan PCB.

Masu zane ya kamata su koma zuwa zanen girma cikakke a shafi na 2/9 na ainihin takarda, don samun ma'auni na daidai na diamita na ruwan tabarau, tsayin jiki, diamita na ƙugiya da wurin lanƙwasa.

5.2 Gane Iyawar Bangaranci

A matsayin na'urar cathode gama gari, an raba anode na LED guda biyu, kuma an haɗa cathode a ciki zuwa ƙugiya ɗaya. Yawanci ana nuna polariti ta hanyar:

• Pin length:The cathode (common terminal) pin is usually longer.
• Flat on the lens:Many packages have a small flat area on the lens edge near the cathode pin.
• Internal metal piece:When viewed from below, the larger metal piece inside the package is usually the cathode.

Correct polarity identification is crucial to prevent reverse connection (which may damage the LED).

6. Jagororin Walda, Haɗawa da Aiki

Adherence to these guidelines is crucial for maintaining reliability and preventing damage during the manufacturing process.

6.1 Yanayin Ajiya

LEDs should be stored in an environment not exceeding 30°C and 70% relative humidity. If removed from the original moisture barrier bag, they should be used within three months. For long-term storage outside the original bag, they must be stored in a sealed container with desiccant or in a nitrogen dry cabinet to prevent moisture absorption, which can lead to "popcorn" effect (package cracking) during soldering.

6.2 Siffanta Ƙafar

If the leads need to be bent for PCB insertion, the bend point must be at least 3mm away from the base of the LED lens. The root of the lead frame must not be used as a fulcrum. All forming must be performed at room temperature and在completed before the soldering process to avoid transferring stress to the solder joints.

6.3 Soldering Process

Key Rules:Maintain a minimum distance of 2mm from the epoxy lens root to the solder joint. The lens must never be immersed in solder.

• Hand Soldering (Soldering Iron):Maximum temperature: 350°C. Maximum duration: 3 seconds per solder joint. Apply the soldering iron tip to the lead and the pad, not the LED body.
• Wave Soldering:Preheat: ≤100°C, ≤60 seconds. Solder wave: ≤260°C. Soldering time: ≤5 seconds. The immersion position must be no less than 2mm below the lens root.
• Not Recommended:The datasheet clearly states that infrared reflow soldering is not suitable for this type of through-hole LED product.

Warning:Excessive temperature or duration can melt or deform the epoxy lens, degrade internal bonding wires, and lead to catastrophic failure.

6.4 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection

LEDs are susceptible to damage from electrostatic discharge. It is recommended to implement a comprehensive ESD control program:

• Personnel must wear grounded wrist straps or anti-static gloves.
• All workstations, equipment, tools, and storage racks must be properly grounded.
• Use ionizers to neutralize static charges that may accumulate on plastic lenses during handling.
• Training and certification for personnel working in ESD protected areas.

7. Packaging and Ordering Information

Standard packaging configuration is designed for high-volume manufacturing.

• Basic Unit:500, 200, or 100 pieces per anti-static polyethylene bag.
• Inner Box:Contains 10 bags, totaling 5,000 pieces.
• Main (Outer) Box:Contains 8 inner boxes, totaling 40,000 pieces.

For shipping lots, only the final packaging may contain non-full quantities. Part number LTL30EGRPJ uniquely identifies this bicolor, common-cathode, T-1 3/4, red/green diffused LED.

8. Application Circuit Design and Recommendations

8.1 Driving Method Principle

An LED is a current-controlled device. Its brightness is determined by the current flowing through it, not the voltage across it. Therefore, the primary goal of the driving circuit is to regulate the current.

8.2 Recommended Circuit

Datasheet strongly recommendsCircuit Model A: Use a separate dedicated current-limiting resistor in series witheachLED (or each color channel of a bi-color LED).

Current-limiting resistor (R_LIMIT) calculation:
Using the formula: R_LIMIT= (V_SUPPLY- V_F) / I_F
Where:

• V_SUPPLY= Supply voltage (e.g., 5V, 3.3V).
• V_F= Forward voltage of the LED.Yi amfani da ƙimar girma a cikin takardar ƙayyadaddun bayanai (2.6V)Yi lissafin mafi munin yanayi / mafi munin rukuni, don tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin lantarki ba zai taɓa wuce matsakaicin ƙimar da aka ƙayyade ba.
• I_F= Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da ake buƙata (misali, 20mA = 0.02A).

Misalin wutar lantarki na 5V: R_LIMIT= (5V - 2.6V) / 0.02A = 2.4V / 0.02A = 120 Ω. Ya kamata a zaɓi mafi kusancin ƙimar daidaitaccen madaidaicin ƙima mafi girma (misali, 120Ω ko 150Ω), kuma a duba ƙimar ƙarfinsa (P = I²R).

8.3 Circuits to Avoid

Takardar ƙayyadaddun bayanai ta yi gargaɗi game da amfani daSamfurin da'ira B: Multiple LEDs are directly connected in parallel, sharing a single current-limiting resistor. Due to the natural variation in the forward voltage (V_F) of individual LEDs (even within the same bin), the current is not evenly distributed. The LED with the lowest V_Fwill draw a disproportionate amount of current, appearing brighter and potentially operating beyond its safe limits, while the other LEDs will be dimmer. This leads to inconsistent brightness and reduced reliability.

8.4 Design Considerations for Bicolor Operation

For common-cathode devices:

• To illuminate thegreenLED, apply a positive voltage (through its current-limiting resistor) to the green anode pin while connecting the common cathode to ground.
• To illuminate theredLED, apply positive voltage (through its independent current-limiting resistor) to the red anode pin while grounding the common cathode.
• To illuminate bothtwoLEDs (producing a yellow/orange mixed light), apply positive voltage to both anodes simultaneously. The current for each color must still be controlled by its own resistor.
• If the microcontroller I/O pin can provide sufficient current (e.g., 20mA), it can directly drive the anode (with a series resistor). For higher current or multiplexing multiple LEDs, a transistor driver is recommended.

9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

Compared to single-color 5mm LEDs or surface-mount alternatives, the LTL30EGRPJ offers distinct advantages:

• Comparing two single-color LEDs:Save one PCB footprint, reduce component count, simplify assembly. Common cathode simplifies wiring for multiplexed displays.
• Compare three-color (RGB) LEDs:Provides a cost-effective solution when only two status colors are needed (e.g., normal/error, power-on/standby), avoiding the complexity and cost of a blue channel and 4-pin packages.
• Compare surface-mount device (SMD) LEDs:Through-hole design offers superior mechanical strength for applications subject to vibration or manual handling, facilitates manual prototyping, and provides better vertical viewing angles in some panel mounts. SMD LEDs are smaller and better suited for automated, high-density assembly.
• Compare incandescent lamps:Extremely low power consumption, much longer lifespan, greater resistance to shock/vibration, lower operating temperature. LEDs are solid-state devices with no filament to burn out.

10. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I drive this LED directly from a 3.3V or 5V microcontroller pin without a resistor?
A1: No, this is dangerous and will likely damage the LED or the microcontroller pin.The LED's low forward voltage (1.6V-2.6V) means connecting it directly to 3.3V or 5V will cause excessive current, limited only by the small internal resistance of the LED and MCU pin. A series resistor is necessary to limit the current to a safe value (e.g., 20mA).

Q2: Why is the luminous intensity range so wide (e.g., 180-520 mcd)? How can I ensure consistent brightness in my product?
A2:The wide range is due to semiconductor process variations. The binning system (e.g., HJ/KL for green, GH/JK for red) groups them. To ensure consistency, you must specify the desired bin code when ordering. For critical applications, order a narrower bin (e.g., only KL bin for green) and design your circuit to provide sufficient current even for LEDs at the lower end of that bin's range.

Q3: Can I use this LED outdoors?
A3:Takaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai ya bayyana cewa ya dace da aikace-aikacen "Alamar Cikin Gida da Waje". Duk da haka, don amfani na dogon lokaci a waje, ana buƙatar la'akari da ƙarin kariyar muhalli. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy yana ba da ainihin kariya daga danshi, amma bayyanawa na dogon lokaci ga hasken rana na UV na iya haifar da launin rawaya na ruwan tabarau bayan shekaru da yawa, yana ɗan tasiri fitar da haske da launi. Don mawuyacin yanayi, ana ba da shawarar shafa suturar daidaitawa akan PCB ko amfani da akwati mai rufi.

Q4: Me zai faru idan na haɗa polarity a cikin kuskure?
A4:Yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya (misali -5V) zai iya haifar da babban kwararar baya (har zuwa ƙayyadaddun 100 μA a 5V), ko kuma idan ƙarfin lantarki na baya ya wuce ƙimar rushewar na'urar (wanda ba a ƙayyade ba, amma yawanci yana da ƙasa ga LED), zai iya haifar da gazawar gaggawa nan take (gajeriyar hanya). A kula da daidaitaccen polarity.

11. Practical Application Examples

Misali na 1: Alamar panel mai yanayi biyu:Dina saklar jaringan, LTL30EGRPJ tiasa nunjukkeun status port. Héjo = tautan diaktipkeun, beureum = data dikirim / ditampi, duanana hurung = kasalahan / konflik. Hiji mikrokontroler saderhana tiasa ngadalikeun dua anoda dumasar kana sinyal status chip PHY.

Misal 2: Indikator Pangecas Batré:Dina pangecas saderhana, LED tiasa nunjukkeun beureum = ngecas, héjo = ngecas réngsé. Sirkuit kontrol ngalihkeun anoda anu cocog dumasar kana ambang tegangan batré.

Misal 3: Bagéan Tampilan Multiplex:Dina tampilan tabung digital multi-digit béaya rendah, unggal bagéan tiasa ngagunakeun LED dwi-warna. Ku multiplexing katoda umum angka sareng ngadorong anoda beureum / héjo sacara berurutan, tiasa nyiptakeun tampilan anu tiasa nunjukkeun angka dina dua warna, nunjukkeun mode anu béda (contona, normal vs alarm).

12. Working Principle

Diode Pemancar Cahaya (LED) mangrupikeun alat sambungan p-n semikonduktor. Nalika tegangan maju anu ngaleuwihan poténsi binaan sambungan diterapkeun, éléktron ti daérah tipe-n sareng liang ti daérah tipe-p disuntikkeun kana daérah sambungan. Nalika pamawa ieu ngahiji di daérah aktip, énergi dileupaskeun dina bentuk foton (cahaya). Warna cahaya anu dipancarkeun (panjang gelombang) ditangtukeun ku celah pita énergi bahan semikonduktor anu dianggo di daérah aktip. LTL30EGRPJ ngandung dua sambungan sapertos kitu dina hiji bungkusan: hiji ngagunakeun bahan anu memancarkan cahaya beureum (puncak kira-kira 639 nm) (meureun AlInGaP), sareng anu sanésna ngagunakeun bahan anu memancarkan cahaya héjo (puncak kira-kira 573 nm) (meureun InGaN). Lensa epoksi paburencay dianggo pikeun nyebarkeun cahaya, ngabentuk sudut pandang anu lega, ogé janten pelindung pikeun chip semikonduktor.

13. Technology Trends

LED na shigar da kai tsaye, saboda ƙarfinsa, sauƙin amfani da kuma farashinsa mai rahusa a yawancin aikace-aikace, har yanzu ginshiƙi ne na kayan lantarki. Duk da haka, mafi faɗin yanayin masana'antu shine yawancin sabbin ƙira suna juyawa zuwa na'urorin da aka haɗa a saman (SMD), waɗanda aka motsa ta hanyar ƙananan girma, haɗin PCB mafi girma da buƙatun samfuran ƙananan bayani. SMD LED yana ba da mafi kyawun aikin zafi na PCB, saurin haɗawa ta atomatik da ƙaramin wurin zama. LED na SMD masu launi biyu da da yawa suma suna samuwa sosai. Duk da haka, LED na shigar da kai tsaye kamar T-1 3/4 zai ci gaba da hidima ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ingantaccen amincin injina, sauƙin kulawa da hannu, ƙira na gado ko kuma ana son shigar da su a tsaye ta allon. Fasahar da ke cikin kunshe - ingancin guntu na semiconductor da haske - tana ci gaba da haɓaka a kowane nau'in kunshe.