Takardar Bayanin Fasaha ta LED Ja T-1 3mm LTL42EKEKNN - Jiki 5mm - 2.4V - 75mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun fitilar LED ja mai inganci, mai ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki a cikin sanannen fakitin rami mai diamita T-1 (3mm). Na'urar tana amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) a matsayin tushen haske, wanda aka kulle a cikin ruwan tabarau mai tsabta. An ƙera shi don haɗawa da yawa akan allunan da'ira (PCBs) ko bangon waya kuma ya dace da matakan tuƙi na haɗakar da'ira (IC) saboda ƙarancin buƙatun wutar lantarki. Manyan aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da alamomin matsayi, hasken baya, da hasken gabaɗaya a cikin na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, kayan aikin ofis, da na'urorin sadarwa inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen nuni ja mai haske.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Iyakar Iyakar Ƙididdiga

An ƙididdige na'urar don aiki a cikin ƙayyadaddun iyakokin muhalli da na lantarki don tabbatar da amincin kuma don hana gazawa mai tsanani. Matsakaicin ɓarnar wutar lantarki shine 75 mW a yanayin zafin muhalli (T) na 25°C. Wutar lantarki ta gaba DC ba za ta wuce 30 mA ba a ci gaba. Don aikin bugun jini, ana iya amfani da matsakaicin wutar lantarki na gaba na 90 mA a ƙarƙashin takamaiman sharuɗɗa: cikakken aiki na 1/10 da faɗin bugun jini na 0.1 ms. Na'urar na iya jure ƙarfin lantarki na baya har zuwa 5 V. An ƙayyade kewayon zafin aiki da ajiya daga -40°C zuwa +100°C. Don gyaɗa, ana iya sanya igiyoyin zuwa 260°C na iyakar daƙiƙa 5, muddin wurin gyaɗa ya kasance aƙalla 1.6mm (0.063") daga jikin LED. Muhimmin ma'aunin rage ƙimar 0.4 mA/°C ya shafi wutar lantarki ta gaba DC don yanayin zafin muhalli sama da 50°C, ma'ana ana iya ci gaba da wutar lantarki yana raguwa daidai gwargwado yayin da zafin ya tashi._A2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Ana auna mahimman ma'auni na aiki a T=25°C da wutar lantarki na aiki (I) na 20 mA. Ƙarfin haske (I) yana da ƙimar al'ada na 880 millicandelas (mcd), tare da mafi ƙarancin 310 mcd, yana nuna yuwuwar binning. Kallon kusurwa (2θ1/2), wanda aka ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar axial, shine digiri 22, sifa na LED T-1 na al'ada tare da ƙaramin katako. Matsakaicin tsayin tsayin fitarwa (λ) shine 632 nm, yayin da babban tsayin tsayin (λ), wanda ke ayyana launin da ake gani, shine 624 nm. Ramin layin bakan (Δλ) shine 20 nm. Wutar lantarki ta gaba (V) yawanci tana auna 2.4V, tare da matsakaicin 2.4V a 20mA. Wutar lantarki ta baya (I) shine matsakaicin 100 μA a 5V na baya, kuma ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa (C) shine 40 pF da aka auna a sifili bias da 1 MHz.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning_AAn rarraba samfurin bisa ga ma'auni biyu masu mahimmanci: ƙarfin haske da babban tsayin tsayin. Wannan binning yana tabbatar da daidaito a cikin yawan samarwa kuma yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa masu dacewa da takamaiman buƙatun haske ko launi._F3.1 Binning Ƙarfin Haskakawa_VAn rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa kwandon shara tare da jurewar 15% akan kowane iyaka. Kwandon da aka ambata don wannan samfurin sune KL (310-520 mcd) da MN (520-880 mcd). An jera manyan kwandon kamar PQ (880-1500 mcd) da RS (1500-2500 mcd) don tunani, suna nuna iyawar dandalin fasaha, kodayake ba za a iya samun su don wannan takamaiman lambar sashi ba. An yiwa lambar kwandon alama akan kowace jakar tattarawa don bin diddigin._{3.2 Binning Babban Tsayin Tsayin}Babban tsayin tsayin, wanda ke ƙayyade takamaiman inuwar ja, ana binning shi a cikin matakai kusan 4nm tare da jurewar ±1nm a kowane kwandon. Kwandon da aka jera sune H27 (613.5-617.0 nm), H28 (617.0-621.0 nm), H29 (621.0-625.0 nm), H30 (625.0-629.0 nm), da H31 (629.0-633.0 nm). Ƙimar al'ada na 624 nm ta faɗi cikin kwandon H29._P4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki_dTakardar bayanin tana nuni zuwa lanƙwasa halaye na al'ada waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba na al'ada ba. Waɗannan yawanci sun haɗa da alaƙar tsakanin wutar lantarki ta gaba (I) da wutar lantarki ta gaba (V), wanda ke nuna halayen I-V na diode. Wani muhimmin lanƙwasa yana nuna ƙarfin haske na dangi da yanayin zafin muhalli, yana kwatanta mummunan ma'aunin zafin jiki na fitar da haske na gama gari a cikin LEDs—fitarwa yana raguwa yayin da zafin ya karu. Lanƙwasa na uku na al'ada yana nuna ƙarfin haske na dangi da wutar lantarki ta gaba, yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke ƙaruwa tare da wutar lantarki amma yana iya cika ko lalacewa a manyan wutar lantarki. Lanƙwasa rarraba bakan zai nuna ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a cikin tsayin tsayin daban-daban, wanda ke tsakiya a kusa da kololuwar 632 nm tare da faɗin rabin faɗin 20 nm da aka bayyana._F5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi_RNa'urar ta yi daidai da daidaitattun girmen fakitin LED mai zagaye T-1 (3mm). Muhimman bayanan injiniya sun haɗa da: duk girmen suna cikin millimeters (tare da inci a cikin maƙallan), tare da jurewar gabaɗaya na ±0.25mm (0.010") sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba. Resin da ke ƙarƙashin flange na iya fitowa har zuwa 1.0mm (0.04") matsakaici. Ana auna tazarar jagora a wurin da jagororin suka fito daga jikin fakitin, wanda ke da mahimmanci don shimfidar PCB.

6. Jagororin Gyaɗa da Haɗawa

Kula da kyau yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewa. Dole ne a ƙirƙiri jagororin a wurin da ya kai aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED, ba tare da amfani da gindin firam ɗin jagora a matsayin fulcrum ba. Dole ne a yi ƙirƙira a yanayin zafin ɗaki kuma kafin gyaɗa. Yayin haɗin PCB, yakamata a yi amfani da ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙulla. Don gyaɗa, dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta na 2mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau zuwa wurin gyaɗa. Kada a taɓa nutsar da ruwan tabarau cikin gyaɗa. Sharuɗɗan da aka ba da shawarar sune: don ƙarfe na gyaɗa, matsakaicin zafin jiki na 300°C ba fiye da daƙiƙa 3 ba (sau ɗaya kawai); don gyaɗar igiyar ruwa, dumama zuwa matsakaicin 100°C har zuwa daƙiƙa 60, sannan a biye da igiyar gyaɗa a matsakaicin 260°C har zuwa daƙiƙa 10. An bayyana kwarara da baya (IR) a sarari a matsayin wanda bai dace da wannan nau'in samfurin rami ba. Yawan zafin jiki ko lokaci na iya lalata ruwan tabarau ko haifar da gazawa.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

Daidaitaccen marufi shine kamar haka: Ana tattara LEDs a cikin jakunkuna masu ɗauke da 1000, 500, ko 250 guda. Goma daga cikin waɗannan jakunkuna ana sanya su cikin akwati na ciki, jimlar 10,000 guda. Ana tattara akwatuna takwas na ciki zuwa cikin akwatin jigilar kaya na waje, wanda ya haifar da jimlar 80,000 guda a kowace akwatin waje. An lura cewa a cikin yawan jigilar kaya, ƙarshen fakitin kawai zai iya ƙunsar adadin da bai cika ba. Takamaiman lambar sashi ita ce LTL42EKEKNN.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

LEDs na'urori ne masu aiki da wutar lantarki. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin da aka haɗa LEDs da yawa a layi daya, ana ƙarfafa ba da shawarar yin amfani da resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki a jere tare da kowane LED (Samfurin Da'ira A). Tuƙi da yawa LEDs a layi daya kai tsaye daga tushen wutar lantarki na gama gari tare da resistor ɗaya da aka raba (Samfurin Da'ira B) ba a ba da shawarar ba, saboda ɗan bambanci a cikin halayen wutar lantarki ta gaba (V) tsakanin kowane LED zai haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin wutar lantarki, saboda haka, haske.

8.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)_FNa'urar tana da saukin lalacewa daga zubar da wutar lantarki. Dole ne a aiwatar da matakan rigakafi a cikin yanayin sarrafawa: ma'aikata yakamata su yi amfani da bel ɗin wuyan da aka kafa ko safofin hannu masu hana tashin hankali; duk kayan aiki, injina, da saman aiki dole ne a kafa su da kyau; rakunan ajiya yakamata su zama masu ɗaukar kaya kuma a kafa su. Ana ba da shawarar busar ion don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na filastik saboda gogayya yayin sarrafawa._F8.3 Ajiya da Tsaftacewa

Don ajiya, yanayin muhalli bai kamata ya wuce 30°C ko 70% zafi ba. LEDs da aka cire daga ainihin marufinsu yakamata a yi amfani da su cikin watanni uku. Don ajiyar dogon lokaci a waje da ainihin fakitin, yakamata a ajiye su a cikin akwati mai rufaffiyar tare da bushewa ko a cikin nitrogen-desiccator. Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa, kawai yakamata a yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol.

9. Gargaɗi da Iyakokin Aikace-aikace

Wannan LED an yi niyya ne don kayan aikin lantarki na yau da kullun. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amincin na musamman inda gazawar za ta iya haifar da rayuwa ko lafiya—kamar a cikin jiragen sama, sufuri, tsarin likita, ko na'urorin aminci—ana buƙatar takamaiman tuntuba da amincewa kafin amfani. Wannan yana nuna rarraba ɓangaren don aikace-aikacen kasuwanci/masana'antu, ba masu mahimmanci na motoci ko likita ba.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha da Matsayi

Wannan LED ja na tushen AlInGaP yana ba da fa'idodi akan tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide), da farko dangane da mafi girman ingancin haske da mafi kyawun aiki a manyan yanayin zafi. Kallon kusurwa na digiri 22 shine ma'auni don fakitin T-1 mara watsewa, yana ba da katako mai jagora wanda ya dace da alamomin panel. Wutar lantarki ta gaba na ~2.4V tana dacewa da kayan aikin dabaru na 3.3V da 5V na gama gari, yana buƙatar resistor na jere mai sauƙi kawai don aiki. Ƙimar ɓarnar wutar lantarki na 75mW shine na al'ada don na'urar wannan girman.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga wadataccen 5V?

A: A'a. Dole ne ka yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki na jere. Misali, tare da wadataccen 5V, V na al'ada na 2.4V, da I da ake so na 20mA, ƙimar resistor zata zama R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.02A = 130 Ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor na 130 ko 150 Ohm zai dace.

Q: Me yasa akwai mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin haske da aka ƙayyade?_FA: Saboda bambance-bambancen masana'antu, ana binning ƙarfin haske. Mafi ƙarancin (310 mcd) da ƙimar al'ada (880 mcd) suna nuna kewayon. Masu ƙira yakamata su yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin ƙima don ƙididdiga mafi munin yanayin haske don tabbatar da cewa alamar tana bayyana sosai a ƙarƙashin duk yanayi.

Q: Menene ma'anar rage ƙimar 0.4 mA/°C?

A: Ga kowane digiri Celsius da yanayin zafin muhalli ya tashi sama da 50°C, matsakaicin wutar lantarki ta gaba DC da aka yarda da ita yana raguwa da 0.4 mA. A 75°C, rage ƙimar shine (75-50)*0.4 = 10 mA, don haka matsakaicin I da aka yarda zai zama 30 mA - 10 mA = 20 mA.

12. Ƙirar Aiki da Misalin Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙirar panel mai nuna matsayi tare da LEDs ja 10 masu daidaitaccen haske.

Tsarin yana amfani da layin dogo na 5V. Dangane da takardar bayanin: 1) Zaɓi LEDs daga kwandon ƙarfin haske ɗaya (misali, MN) don daidaito. 2) Lissafta resistor na jere don kowane LED: R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.02A = 130Ω. Yi amfani da resistor 1/8W ko 1/4W. 3) A kan shimfidar PCB, tabbatar da ramukan jagororin LED suna da tazara bisa ga girman "tazarar jagora... inda jagororin suka fito daga fakitin". 4) Sanya kushin gyaɗa aƙalla 2mm nesa da jikin LED. 5) Yayin haɗawa, umurci ma'aikata su sarrafa LEDs tare da kariyar ESD, su ƙirƙiri jagororin (idan an buƙata) a >3mm daga jiki, kuma su bi bayanin gyaɗar igiyar ruwa da aka ƙayyade.

13. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Aiki

Ana fitar da haske ta hanyar wani tsari da ake kira electroluminescence. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki ta gaba wacce ta wuce yuwuwar haɗin gwiwar diode (kusan 2.4V don wannan kayan AlInGaP), electrons daga semiconductor na n-type da ramuka daga semiconductor na p-type ana shigar da su a kan haɗin gwiwar p-n. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na semiconductor AlInGaP yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda yake daidai da tsayin tsayin hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, ja a kusan 624-632 nm. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana siffata katakon fitar da haske.

14. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

Yayin da LEDs na rami kamar wannan fakitin T-1 ke ci gaba da amfani da su sosai don ƙirƙira samfuri, haɗawa da hannu, da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙaƙƙarfan haɗawa da injiniya, yanayin masana'antu ya canza sosai zuwa fakitin na'urar haɗawa da saman (SMD) (misali, nau'ikan 0603, 0805, 1206, da PLCC) don samar da babban adadin kai tsaye. Fasahar AlInGaP tana wakiltar cikakkiyar mafita mai inganci don LEDs ja, orange, da rawaya, tana ba da mafi kyawun aiki ga tsofaffin GaAsP. Ci gaban yanzu yana mai da hankali kan ƙara inganci (lumens kowace watt), inganta aikin yanayin zafi mai girma, da ba da damar ƙananan fakitin SMD tare da mafi girman fitar da haske. Wannan na'urar tana cikin ingantaccen rukunin samfur mai aminci.

Q: Can I drive this LED directly from a 5V supply?

A: No. You must use a series current-limiting resistor. For example, with a 5V supply, a typical V_Fof 2.4V, and a desired I_Fof 20mA, the resistor value would be R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.02A = 130 Ohms. A standard 130 or 150 Ohm resistor would be suitable.

Q: Why is there a minimum luminous intensity specified?

A: Due to manufacturing variations, luminous intensity is binned. The minimum (310 mcd) and typical (880 mcd) values indicate the range. Designers should use the minimum value for worst-case brightness calculations to ensure the indicator is sufficiently visible under all conditions.

Q: What does the derating factor of 0.4 mA/°C mean?

A: For every degree Celsius the ambient temperature rises above 50°C, the maximum allowable continuous DC forward current decreases by 0.4 mA. At 75°C, the derating is (75-50)*0.4 = 10 mA, so the maximum allowed I_Fwould be 30 mA - 10 mA = 20 mA.

. Practical Design and Usage Case

Scenario: Designing a status indicator panel with 10 uniformly bright red LEDs.The system uses a 5V rail. Based on the datasheet: 1) Select LEDs from the same luminous intensity bin (e.g., MN) for consistency. 2) Calculate the series resistor for each LED: R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.02A = 130Ω. Use a 1/8W or 1/4W resistor. 3) On the PCB layout, ensure the holes for the LED leads are spaced according to the \"lead spacing... where leads emerge from package\" dimension. 4) Place the solder pads at least 2mm away from the LED body outline. 5) During assembly, instruct personnel to handle LEDs with ESD precautions, form leads (if needed) at >3mm from the body, and follow the specified wave soldering profile.

. Operating Principle Introduction

Light is emitted through a process called electroluminescence. When a forward voltage exceeding the diode's junction potential (around 2.4V for this AlInGaP material) is applied, electrons from the n-type semiconductor and holes from the p-type semiconductor are injected across the p-n junction. These charge carriers recombine in the active region, releasing energy in the form of photons (light). The specific composition of the AlInGaP semiconductor alloy determines the bandgap energy, which directly corresponds to the wavelength (color) of the emitted light—in this case, red at approximately 624-632 nm. The water-clear epoxy lens shapes the light output beam.

. Technology Trends and Context

While through-hole LEDs like this T-1 package remain widely used for prototyping, manual assembly, and applications requiring robust mechanical mounting, the industry trend has strongly shifted towards surface-mount device (SMD) packages (e.g., 0603, 0805, 1206, and PLCC types) for automated high-volume production. AlInGaP technology represents a mature and efficient solution for red, orange, and yellow LEDs, offering superior performance to older GaAsP. Current development focuses on increasing efficiency (lumens per watt), improving high-temperature performance, and enabling ever-smaller SMD packages with higher light output. This device sits within a well-established, reliable product category.