Takardar Bayanan Fasaha na Fitilar LED Ja mai Girman 3.1mm - 3.1mm Diamita - 2.4V Farashin Gaba - 75mW Ragewar Wutar Lantarki - Takardar Fasaha ta Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun fasaha don fitilar LED mai hawa ta cikin rami, mai ruwan tabarau mai watsawa. An ƙera na'urar don aikace-aikacen nuna alama da haskakawa na gabaɗaya inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen aiki da sauƙin haɗawa. Babban kayan abin da aka yi amfani da shi shine AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide), wanda aka sani da ingantaccen aiki da kwanciyar hankali wajen samar da hasken ja. Samfurin ya bi ka'idojin RoHS, yana nuna cewa ba shi da abubuwa masu haɗari kamar gubar (Pb).

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da ƙarfin haske mai ƙarfi, wanda ke tabbatar da kyakkyawan gani ko da a cikin yanayi mai haske matsakaici. Tana da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, wanda ya sa ta dace da na'urorin da ke amfani da baturi ko aikace-aikace inda ingantaccen amfani da makamashi ya zama fifiko. Na'urar tana dacewa da da'irori masu haɗaka saboda ƙarancin buƙatun halin yanzu, yana ba da damar tuƙi kai tsaye daga filayen GPIO na microcontroller ko fitarwar dabaru tare da masu hana halin yanzu masu dacewa. Marufin mai diamita 3.1mm yana ba da siffa mai yawa don hawa akan allunan da'ira (PCBs) ko bangarori.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Cikakkun Ma'auni na Iyaka

Cikakkun ma'auni na iyaka suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. An ƙayyade waɗannan ma'auni a yanayin zafin muhalli (T_A) na 25°C. Matsakaicin raguwar wutar lantarki na ci gaba shine 75 mW. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba, wanda aka yarda a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms), shine 90 mA. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC na ci gaba da aka ba da shawarar shine 30 mA. Faktor na raguwa na 0.4 mA/°C yana aiki a layi daga 50°C zuwa sama, ma'ana amintaccen halin yanzu na aiki yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa. Na'urar na iya aiki a cikin kewayon zafin muhalli na -40°C zuwa +100°C kuma ana iya adana ta a cikin zafin jiki daga -55°C zuwa +100°C. Don yin solder, igiyoyin za su iya jure 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5 lokacin da aka auna 2.0 mm daga jikin LED.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

An auna halayen aiki na yau da kullun a T_A=25°C da halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 20 mA, wanda shine daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (I_V):Ya bambanta daga mafi ƙanƙanta na 85 mcd zuwa matsakaicin 310 mcd, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun na 240 mcd. Wannan ma'aunin yana amfani da firikwensin da tacewa wanda ke kusantar da lanƙwasa amsawar ido na CIE photopic.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 60. Wannan shine cikakkiyar kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar axial (a kan-axis) ɗinsa, halayen ruwan tabarau mai watsawa wanda ke yada haske.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Watsawa (λ_P):632 nm. Wannan shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa inda rarraba ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):Ya bambanta daga 617 nm zuwa 629 nm, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun na 621 nm. Wannan shine tsayin raƙuman ruwa guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ke gani wanda ke ayyana launin (ja) na LED, wanda aka samo daga zanen launi na CIE.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):20 nm. Wannan yana nuna tsaftar bakan; ƙaramin ƙima zai nuna tushen haske mafi monochromatic.
• Farashin Gaba (V_F):Yawanci 2.4 V, tare da matsakaicin 2.4 V a I_F=20mA. Mafi ƙanƙanta shine 2.0 V.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin 100 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin baya (V_R) na 5V. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa ba a ƙera na'urar don aikin baya ba; wannan yanayin gwaji don siffanta kawai ne.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa

An rarraba samfurin zuwa kwandon kwandon bisa mahimman ma'auni na aiki don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa ko don takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken

Ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon kwandon ƙarfi guda uku, wanda aka auna a millicandelas (mcd) a 20mA:

• Kwandon EF:Mafi ƙanƙanta 85 mcd, Matsakaici 140 mcd.
• Kwandon GH:Mafi ƙanƙanta 140 mcd, Matsakaici 240 mcd.
• Kwandon J:Mafi ƙanƙanta 240 mcd, Matsakaici 310 mcd.

Jurewar kowane iyaka na kwandon shine ±15%.

3.2 Rarrabuwar Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon

Hakanan ana rarraba LED ta hanyar tsayin raƙuman ruwa don sarrafa daidaiton launi:

• Kwandon H28:617.0 nm zuwa 621.0 nm.
• Kwandon H29:621.0 nm zuwa 625.0 nm.
• Kwandon H30:625.0 nm zuwa 629.0 nm.

Jurewar kowane iyaka na kwandon shine ±1 nm. Takamaiman lambobin kwandon don ƙarfi da tsayin raƙuman ruwa yawanci za a yiwa alama akan marufi ko samuwa daga mai siyarwa don ba da damar zaɓi daidai don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton launi ko haske.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

Yayin da PDF ke nuni zuwa lanƙwasan halaye na yau da kullun, rubutun da aka bayar bai haɗa da ainihin zane-zane ba. Dangane da halayen LED na yau da kullun da ma'auni da aka bayar, mutum na iya fahimtar yanayin waɗannan lanƙwasan. LanƙwasaI-V (Halin Yanzu-Ƙarfin Lantarki)zai nuna alaƙar ma'auni, tare da ƙarfin gaba yana kusan 2.0-2.4V a halin yanzu na gwaji na 20mA. LanƙwasaƘarfin Hasken vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_V-I_F)gabaɗaya yana layi a cikin kewayon aiki na al'ada, yana nuna cewa fitarwar haske yana daidai daidai da halin yanzu. LanƙwasaƘarfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Yanayizai nuna ƙimar mara kyau, ma'ana fitarwar haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ke ƙaruwa. LanƙwasaRarraba Bakanzai zama lanƙwasa mai siffar kararrawa da ke tsakiya a kusa da matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 632 nm tare da rabin faɗin 20 nm, yana ayyana fitarwar launin ja.

5. Bayanan Injiniya da Marufi

5.1 Girman Marufi

An sanya na'urar a cikin marufi mai zagaye mai diamita 3.1mm tare da ruwan tabarau mai watsawa. Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da: duk girmansu yana cikin milimita (inci); daidaitaccen jurewa shine ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba; matsakaicin tsinkayar guduro a ƙarƙashin flange shine 1.0mm; kuma ana auna tazarar jagora inda jagororin suka fito daga jikin marufi. Cikakken zanen girma zai nuna diamita na jiki, siffar ruwan tabarau, tsayin jagora, da diamita na jagora.

5.2 Gano Polarity

Don LED masu hawa ta cikin rami, yawanci ana nuna polarity ta tsayin jagora (jagora mafi tsayi shine anode, tabbatacce) ko ta wurin fili a gefen ruwan tabarau ko flange na filastik. Cathode (maras kyau) yawanci yana da alaƙa da ɗan gajeren jagora ko gefen da ke da fili.

5.3 Ƙayyadaddun Tattarawa

Ana tattara LED a cikin jakunkunan anti-static. Matsakaicin adadin tattarawa shine 1000, 500, 200, ko 100 guda a kowace jaka. Goma daga cikin waɗannan jakunkunan ana sanya su cikin akwatin ciki, jimlar guda 10,000. A ƙarshe, an tattara akwatunan ciki guda takwas a cikin akwatin jigilar waje, wanda ya haifar da jimlar guda 80,000 a kowace akwatin waje. An lura cewa a kowane yanki na jigilar kaya, ƙarshen fakitin kawai bazai zama cikakken fakitin ba.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Yanayin Ajiya

Ya kamata a adana LED a cikin muhallin da bai wuce 30°C da 70% zafi ba. Idan an cire su daga ainihin marufin shinge na danshi, ana ba da shawarar amfani da su cikin watanni uku. Don ajiyar dogon lokaci a waje da ainihin jakar, ya kamata a ajiye su a cikin akwati mai rufaffiyar tare da busassun abu ko a cikin desiccator na yanayin nitrogen don hana shan danshi.

6.2 Siffantar Jagora

Idan jagororin suna buƙatar lanƙwasa, dole ne a yi hakan a daidaitaccen zafin ɗaki kumakafinsolder. Ya kamata a yi lanƙwasa a wani wuri aƙalla 3mm nesa da gindin ruwan tabarau na LED. Kada a yi amfani da gindin firam ɗin jagora a matsayin fulcrum yayin lanƙwasa don guje wa damuwa akan hatimin epoxy. Yayin haɗawar PCB, ya kamata a yi amfani da ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙwanƙwasa.

6.3 Tsarin Solder

Don wannan nau'in fitila mai hawa ta cikin rami, solder na igiyar ruwa ko solder na hannu tare da ƙarfe sune hanyoyin da suka dace.Ba a ba da shawarar sake karkatar da Infrared (IR) ba.Dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙarancin sharewa na 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau zuwa wurin solder don hana epoxy hawa sama da jagororin da kuma guje wa lalacewar zafi. Kada a tsoma ruwan tabarau na LED cikin solder.

Sharuɗɗan Solder da Aka Ba da Shawara:

• Ƙarfe na Solder:Matsakaicin zafin jiki 350°C, matsakaicin lokacin solder dakika 3 a kowace jagora (sau ɗaya kawai).
• Solder na Igya:Matsakaicin zafin jiki kafin dumama 100°C har zuwa dakika 60. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na igiyar ruwa na solder 260°C, tare da matsakaicin lokacin tuntuɓar dakika 5.

Yawan zafi ko lokaci na iya haifar da nakasar ruwan tabarau ko gazawar bala'i.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

7.1 Amfani da Aniyar da Gargaɗi

An ƙera wannan LED don kayan aikin lantarki na yau da kullun ciki har da kayan aikin ofis, na'urorin sadarwa, da aikace-aikacen gida. Ba a ba da shawarar amfani da shi a cikin aikace-aikacen masu mahimmanci na aminci ko babban dogaro inda gazawar za ta iya haifar da rayuwa ko lafiya (misali, jirgin sama, tallafin rayuwa na likita, sarrafa sufuri) ba tare da tuntuɓar juna da cancanta ba.

7.2 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

LED na'urori ne masu aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin tuƙi da yawa LED a layi daya,ana ba da shawarar sosaidon amfani da resistor mai hana halin yanzu na mutum ɗaya a jere tare da kowane LED (Samfurin Da'ira A). Tuƙi LED a layi daya kai tsaye daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki (Samfurin Da'ira B) ba a ƙarfafa shi ba saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin halayen ƙarfin gaba (V_F) tsakanin LED ɗaiɗaiku na iya haifar da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin rabon halin yanzu, sabili da haka, rashin daidaiton haske. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor na jere ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_wadata- V_F) / I_F, inda I_Fshine halin yanzu na gaba da ake so (misali, 20mA).

7.3 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

Waɗannan LED suna da saukin lalacewa daga zubar da wutar lantarki. Dole ne a ɗauki matakan kariya yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa:

• Ya kamata ma'aikata su sanya bel ɗin wuyan da aka kafa ko safofin hannu masu hana tashin hankali.
• Dole ne duk kayan aiki, wuraren aiki, da rumfunan ajiya su kasance da tushe daidai.
• Yi amfani da ionizer don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan saman ruwan tabarau na filastik.

Lalacewar ESD na iya bayyana a matsayin babban yawan zubar da baya, ƙarancin ƙarfin gaba mara kyau, ko gazawar haskakawa a ƙananan halin yanzu.

8. Tsaftacewa

Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole bayan solder, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol. Sinadarai masu tsauri ko tsaftacewa ta ultrasonic na iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy ko tsarin ciki.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da La'akari

Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide) LED ja, wannan na'urar AlInGaP tana ba da ingantaccen ingantaccen haske sosai, yana haifar da mafi girma haske don irin wannan halin yanzu na shigarwa. Ruwan tabarau mai watsawa yana ba da faɗin kusurwar dubawa, mafi daidaito idan aka kwatanta da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta ko ruwa mai tsabta, wanda ya dace da alamomin yanayin da ke buƙatar ganin daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Girman 3.1mm shine daidaitaccen ma'auni na masana'antu, yana ba da daidaiton daidaito tsakanin fitarwar haske da amfani da sararin allo, idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan LED 2mm ko 3mm, ko manyan nau'ikan 5mm da 10mm.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon da Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon?

A: Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_P=632nm) shine kololuwar zahiri na bakan hasken da LED ke fitarwa. Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d=~621nm) ƙimar ƙididdiga ce bisa ga fahimtar launin ɗan adam (ginshiƙi na CIE) wanda ke ayyana launin gani. Sau da yawa sun bambanta.

Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED ba tare da resistor na jere ba?

A: A'a. Haɗa LED kai tsaye zuwa tushen ƙarfin lantarki yana iya haifar da yawan halin yanzu, yawan zafi, da gazawar nan take. Resistor na jere ya zama dole don daidaita halin yanzu.

Q: Me yasa akwai tsarin rarrabuwa?

A: Bambance-bambancen masana'antu suna haifar da ɗan bambance-bambance a cikin aiki. Rarrabuwa yana rarraba LED zuwa ƙungiyoyi tare da ƙayyadaddun ma'auni (haske, launi), yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar kwandon da ya dace don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaito.

Q: Me zai faru idan na wuce Cikakkun Ma'auni na Iyaka?

A: Aiki fiye da waɗannan iyakoki, ko da na ɗan lokaci, na iya haifar da lalacewa marar jurewa, kamar raguwar fitarwar haske, canjin launi, ko cikakkiyar gazawa. Koyaushe ƙirƙira tare da gefen aminci.

11: Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira da Amfani

Yanayi: Ƙirar allon nuna alama da yawa don ƙarar sauti na mabukaci.Allon yana buƙatar alamun wutar lantarki/yanayi ja guda 10. Don tabbatar da duk LED suna da daidaitaccen haske da launi, mai ƙira ya ƙayyade LED daga kwandon ƙarfi iri ɗaya (misali, kwandon GH: 140-240 mcd) da kwandon tsayin raƙuman ruwa iri ɗaya (misali, H29: 621-625 nm) daga mai siyarwa. Akwai layin dogo na 5V akan allo. Ta amfani da V na yau da kullun_Fna 2.4V da manufa I_Fna 20mA, an ƙididdige resistor na jere: R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.020A = 130 Ohms. An zaɓi daidaitaccen resistor 130Ω ko 150Ω. Kowane LED yana samun nasa resistor da aka haɗa zuwa layin dogo na 5V, wanda transistor ko filin GPIO daga microcontroller na ƙarar sauti ke sarrafawa. Yayin haɗawa, masu fasaha suna amfani da ayyukan ESD-safe kuma suna solder LED na hannu a 320°C na ƙasa da dakika 2 a kowace jagora, suna tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye sharewar 3mm daga ruwan tabarau.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

LED diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin gaba wanda ya wuce bandgap ɗinsa, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki (AlInGaP Layer a wannan yanayin). Wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke ciki (AlInGaP) yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda kai tsaye yana ayyana tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, a cikin bakan ja. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai watsawa yana ɗauke da barbashi masu watsawa waɗanda ke bazuwar alkiblar photons da aka fitar, suna haifar da mafi faɗi, tsarin haske mai laushi idan aka kwatanta da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin a cikin fasahar LED yana zuwa ga mafi inganci (ƙarin lumens a kowace watt), ingantaccen launi, da mafi girma dogaro. Don LED irin na nuna alama, ƙananan ƙira yana ci gaba (misali, marufi 1.6mm, 1.0mm). Hakanan ana ƙara ba da fifiko kan faɗin kusurwar dubawa mafi daidaito da ƙayyadaddun jurewar kwandon don biyan buƙatun kayan lantarki na mabukaci da aikace-aikacen mota. Bugu da ƙari, tuƙin dorewa yana tura kayan aiki da hanyoyin da ke da ƙarancin tasirin muhalli a duk tsawon rayuwa.