Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na Fitilar LED Fari T-1 3/4 - Diamita 5mm - 3.3V Na Yau da Kullun - Wutar Lantarki 120mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun fasaha na ingantacciyar fitilar LED fari mai hawa ta cikin rami. An ƙera na'urar don aikace-aikacen nuna alama da haskakawa na gabaɗaya inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen aiki da sauƙin haɗawa. Tana da sanannen diamita na marufi T-1 3/4, wanda ya sa ta dace da tsarin PCB na daidaitaccen tsari da kuma hawan panel.

Fasahar ainihin ita ce ta dogara ne akan kayan semiconductor na InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) da aka ajiye akan tushen sapphire, wanda ke ba da damar samar da haske fari. Samfurin ya bi ka'idojin RoHS, ma'ana an ƙera shi ba tare da amfani da gubar (Pb) da sauran abubuwa masu haɗari da aka hana ba. Muhimman fa'idodin da aka haskaka sun haɗa da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, ingantaccen haske, da dacewa da haɗaɗɗun da'irori saboda ƙarancin buƙatun wutar lantarki.

1.1 Aikace-aikacen Manufa

Ana nufin wannan LED don amfani a cikin kayan aikin lantarki na yau da kullun. Yankunan aikace-aikace na yau da kullun sun haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance su ba, masu nuna matsayi a cikin kayan aikin sarrafa ofis, hasken baya don maɓalli da panel, haskakawa gabaɗaya a cikin kayan lantarki na mabukaci, da masu nuna sigina a cikin na'urorin sadarwa. Ya dace da aikace-aikace inda ingantaccen amincin daidaitaccen ya isa.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

Ana siffanta aikin LED a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin muhalli (Ta=25°C). Fahimtar waɗannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'ira mai kyau da kuma cimma aikin da ake tsammani a cikin aikace-aikacen ƙarshe.

2.1 Matsakaicin Ma'auni na Cikakke

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba kuma ya kamata a guje su don aiki mai aminci.

• Rarrabawar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):120 mW matsakaici. Wannan shine jimillar wutar lantarki da marufin zai iya watsawa cikin aminci a matsayin zafi.
• Matsakaicin Halin Gaba na Gaba (I_FP):100 mA matsakaici. Ana ba da izinin wannan kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini tare da zagayowar aiki 1/10 da faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms don hana yin zafi sosai.
• Ci gaba da Halin Gaba na Gaba (I_F):30 mA DC matsakaici. Wannan shine shawarar matsakaicin halin yanzu don ci gaba da aiki.
• Kewayon Zafin Aiki (T_opr):-30°C zuwa +80°C. Na'urar tana aiki a cikin wannan kewayon zafin muhalli.
• Kewayon Zafin Ajiya (T_stg):-40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na daƙiƙa 5 matsakaici, ana auna shi 1.6mm (0.063\") daga jikin LED.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki & Na Gani

Waɗannan sune ma'auni na aiki na yau da kullun da aka garantance waɗanda aka auna a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na I_F= 20mA da T_a=25°C.

• Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (I_v):2500 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 5200 mcd (Na Yau da Kullun), 9300 mcd (Matsakaici). Ana auna ƙarfin a kan axis na inji bisa ga ƙa'idodin CIE 127. Matsakaicin ƙarfin da aka garantance yana amfani da matsakaicin ±15%.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 50 (Na Yau da Kullun). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ke faɗuwa zuwa rabin ƙimar axial ɗinsa.
• Ma'auni na Launi (x, y):x=0.29 (Na Yau da Kullun), y=0.28 (Na Yau da Kullun). Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana wurin fari akan zanen chromaticity na CIE 1931.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):2.7V (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 3.3V (Na Yau da Kullun), 3.7V (Matsakaici) a I_F=20mA. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don zaɓar madaidaicin resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu.
• Halin Baya (I_R):50 µA matsakaici a Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R) na 5V. Ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki a cikin bias na baya ba.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Ana rarraba LEDs (binning) bisa ga mahimman ma'auni na gani don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. Ana yiwa alamar lambar kwandon a kan kowace jakar tattarawa.

3.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (I_v)

Ana rarraba LEDs zuwa matakai daban-daban bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da aka auna a 20mA. Matakan sune: T (2500-3200 mcd), U (3200-4200 mcd), V (4200-5500 mcd), W (5500-7200 mcd), da X (7200-9300 mcd).

3.2 Rarraba Launi (Chromaticity)

Hakanan ana rarraba LEDs bisa ga ma'aunin chromaticity ɗinsu don sarrafa bambancin launin hasken fari. Takardar bayanin tana ba da teburin ƙayyadaddun launi tare da ma'auni don kwandon B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, da D2. Matsakaicin izini don ma'auni na launi shine ±0.01.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanin ta haɗa da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa na yau da kullun waɗanda ke nuna yadda LED ke aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Waɗannan suna da mahimmanci don ƙarin la'akari da ƙira.

4.1 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Halin Gaba na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Wannan lanƙwasa tana nuna alaƙar da ba ta da layi tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED da halin yanzu da ke gudana ta cikinta. Tana nuna ƙarfin lantarki na kunna da kuma yadda V_Fke ƙaruwa tare da I_F.

4.2 Halin Gaba na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken Dangantaka

Wannan jadawalin yana kwatanta dogaron fitar haske akan halin yanzu na tuƙi. Gabaɗaya, ƙarfin haske yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu amma yana iya cika ko lalacewa a halin yanzu mai yawa sosai saboda raguwar inganci da dumama.

4.3 Zafin Muhalli vs. Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken Dangantaka

Wannan lanƙwasa tana da mahimmanci don fahimtar aikin thermal. Tana nuna yadda fitar haske ke raguwa yayin da zafin muhalli ke tashi, wata halayar tushen haske na semiconductor.

4.4 Tsarin Jagora

Zanen jagora (ko tsarin radiation) yana wakiltar rarraba ƙarfin haske a sarari a kusa da LED, yana da alaƙa da ƙayyadaddun kusurwar dubawa na digiri 50.

4.5 Bakan da Chromaticity vs. Halin Yanzu

Lanƙwasa rarraba bakan tana nuna ƙarfin wutar lantarki dangantaka da aka fitar a mitoci daban-daban, tana ayyana ingancin launin hasken fari. Dangantakar tsakanin halin yanzu na gaba da ma'auni na chromaticity tana nuna duk wani canjin launi da zai iya faruwa lokacin tuƙi LED a halin yanzu ban da yanayin gwaji.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Marufi

Na'urar tana amfani da daidaitaccen marufi mai jagora radial tare da diamita na ruwan tabarau T-1 3/4 (kusan 5mm).

• Girma:Ana ba da duk manyan girma a cikin milimita tare da matsakaicin juriya na ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade.
• Tazarar Jagora:Ana auna inda jagororin suka fito daga jikin marufi, wanda shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci don ƙirar sawun PCB.
• Gano Polariti:Yawanci, doguwar jagora tana nuna anode (tabbatacce), kuma wuri mai lebur a kan gefen ruwan tabarau na iya nuna gefen cathode. Ya kamata a tabbatar da takamaiman alama daga zanen marufi.
• Fitowar Resin:Matsakaicin 1.0mm na resin na iya fitowa ƙarƙashin gefen.

6. Jagororin Solder & Haɗawa

Kula da kyau yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewa da tabbatar da amincin dogon lokaci.

6.1 Siffantar Jagora

Dole ne a yi lanƙwasa jagororin a wani wuri aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED. Kada a yi amfani da gindin leadframe a matsayin fulcrum. Dole ne a yi siffar a zafin daki, kafin aikin solder.

6.2 Tsarin Solder

Dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta na 2mm tsakanin gindin ruwan tabarau da wurin solder. Dole ne a guji tsoma ruwan tabarau cikin solder. Kada a yi amfani da damuwa na waje ga jagororin yayin da LED ke da zafi.

• Solder na Hannu (Ƙarfe):Matsakaicin zafin jiki 350°C na daƙiƙa 3 matsakaici (sau ɗaya kawai).
• Solder Wave:Yi pre-heat zuwa matsakaicin 100°C har zuwa daƙiƙa 60. Zafin jiki na igiyar solder bai kamata ya wuce 260°C ba na daƙiƙa 5 matsakaici.
• IR Reflow:An bayyana wannan tsari a sarari cewa bai dace da wannan nau'in fitilar LED ta cikin rami ba.

6.3 Ajiya & Tsaftacewa

Don ajiya, muhalli bai kamata ya wuce 30°C da 70% zafi na dangi ba. LEDs da aka cire daga ainihin marufinsu ya kamata a yi amfani da su cikin watanni uku. Don ajiya mai tsawo, ana ba da shawarar akwati mai rufi tare da desiccant ko muhalli na nitrogen. Barasa na isopropyl ko makamancin haka na tushen barasa sun dace don tsaftacewa idan ya cancanta.

7. Bayanin Marufi & Oda

Daidaitaccen tsarin marufi shine kamar haka:

• Guda 500 a kowace jakar tattarawa mai hana lantarki.
• Jakunkuna 10 na tattarawa a kowace akwati na ciki (jimlar guda 5,000).
• Akwatin ciki 8 a kowace babban akwati na waje (jimlar guda 40,000).

Lambar sashi LTW-2L3DV5S tana bin takamaiman ƙa'idar lamba inda abubuwa sukan nuna Nau'in Ruwan tabarau (Ruwa Bayyananne), Launi (Fari), marufi (T-1 3/4), da kwandon aiki (V5 mai alaƙa da ƙarfi/launi).

8. Shawarwarin Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

LED na'ura ce mai aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske da hana cinye halin yanzu, musamman lokacin da aka haɗa LEDs da yawa a layi daya, ana ƙarfafa ba da shawarar yin amfani da takamaiman resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere tare da kowane LED. Tuƙi LEDs a layi daya ba tare da resistors ɗaya ɗaya ba (kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin da'irar da ba a ba da shawara ba) na iya haifar da bambance-bambancen haske mai yawa saboda bambance-bambancen halitta a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (V_F) na na'urori ɗaya.

8.2 Gudanar da Thermal

Yayin da ƙirar ta cikin rami ke taimakawa wajen watsar zafi ta hanyar jagororin, matsakaicin rarrabawar wutar lantarki na 120mW da ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau na fitar haske ya kamata a yi la'akari. Yin aiki a yanayin zafi mai yawa ko a halin yanzu mai yawa na tuƙi zai rage fitar haske kuma yana iya shafar amincin dogon lokaci. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da isasshen tazara da yuwuwar iska a cikin ƙirar aikace-aikace.

8.3 Ƙirar Gani

Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 50 yana ba da haske mai faɗi mai ma'ana. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar mayar da hankali ko yaduwa, ana iya amfani da na'urorin gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau, jagororin haske). Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta ya dace da irin waɗannan aikace-aikace.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha & La'akari

Idan aka kwatanta da tsohuwar fasaha kamar ƙwan fitila, wannan LED yana ba da inganci mafi girma, tsawon rayuwa, da ƙarancin samar da zafi. A cikin yankin LED, wannan na'urar ta cikin rami tana ba da sauƙi da ƙarfi don haɗaɗɗun haɗin kai ko na igiyar ruwa, sabanin na'urar LED mai hawa saman (SMD) waɗanda ke buƙatar sake sakewa kuma suna ba da ƙaramin bayani. Girman T-1 3/4 shine daidaitaccen ma'auni, yana tabbatar da samun wadatattun soket ɗin da suka dace, masu riƙe, da yankin panel.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

10.1 Wane ƙimar resistor ya kamata in yi amfani da shi?

Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F. Yi amfani da V na yau da kullun_F(3.3V) don ƙididdigewa, amma yi la'akari da matsakaicin V_F(3.7V) don tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai faɗi ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin da ake buƙata ba a ƙarshen juriyar ƙarfin lantarki. Don samar da 5V da manufa I_Fna 20mA: R = (5V - 3.3V) / 0.020A = 85 Ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor 82 ko 100 Ohm zai dace, tare da ƙimar wutar lantarki P = I²R.

10.2 Shin zan iya tuƙa shi kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller?

Ba a ba da shawarar tuƙa LED kai tsaye daga fil ɗin GPIO na microcontroller. Yawancin filayen GPIO suna da iyakataccen iyawar samar da halin yanzu/ nutsewa (sau da yawa 20-25mA matsakaicin cikakke, tare da ƙarancin shawarwari don ci gaba da aiki). Yin amfani da fil a iyakarsa na iya damun microcontroller. Yana da kyau a yi amfani da GPIO don sarrafa transistor (BJT ko MOSFET) wanda sannan ke tuƙa LED tare da nasa resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu.

10.3 Me yasa fitar haske ke raguwa tare da zafin jiki?

Wannan shine ainihin halayen LEDs na semiconductor. Yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa, hanyoyin haɗuwa marasa radiation a cikin semiconductor sun zama mafi rinjaye, suna rage ingancin quantum na ciki (adadin photons da aka samar a kowane electron). Wannan yana haifar da ƙarancin fitar haske don irin wannan halin yanzu na tuƙi.

11. Nazarin Shari'ar Ƙira mai Aiki

Labari:Ƙera fitilar nuna alama mai amfani da wutar lantarki (120V AC) don kayan aiki ta amfani da madaidaicin madaidaiciya da capacitor don canza DC na asali, yana samar da kusan 150V DC.

Kalubalen Ƙira:Babban ƙarfin lantarki da buƙatar keɓewar lantarki da iyakance halin yanzu.

Mafita:Resistor na jeri ya zama dole. Ƙimar zai yi yawa sosai: R ≈ (150V - 3.3V) / 0.020A ≈ 7335 Ohms (7.3 kΩ). Rarrabawar wutar lantarki a cikin resistor zai kasance P = I²R = (0.02)²* 7335 ≈ 2.93W, yana buƙatar babban resistor mai ƙarfin wutar lantarki wanda bai dace ba. Mafi kyawun mafita shine yin amfani da da'irar capacitive dropper ko takamaiman, ingantaccen direban LED IC da aka ƙera don shigar da babban ƙarfin lantarki, wanda ke inganta inganci da aminci. Wannan shari'ar ta nuna cewa yayin da LED kanta take da sauƙi, dole ne a ƙera da'irar tuƙi a hankali don yanayin aikace-aikace.

12. Gabatarwar Ƙa'idar Fasaha

Wannan LED fari ya dogara ne akan guntun semiconductor na InGaN wanda ke fitar da haske a yankin shuɗi na bakan. Don samar da haske fari, ana canza hasken shuɗi zuwa mitoci masu tsayi (rawaya, ja) ta amfani da shafin phosphor (yawanci YAG:Ce - Yttrium Aluminum Garnet da aka cika da Cerium) da aka yi amfani da shi akan guntun. Haɗuwar sauran hasken shuɗi da hasken rawaya/ja da aka canza zuwa ƙasa idon ɗan adam yana ganinsa a matsayin fari. Ana kiran wannan hanyar a matsayin hasken fari da aka canza phosphor. Takamaiman haɗuwar phosphors yana ƙayyade Matsakaicin Zafin Launi (CCT) da Fihirisar Fitar Launi (CRI) na hasken fari, waɗanda ke da alaƙa da ma'auni na chromaticity da aka ƙayyade a cikin takardar bayanin.

13. Trends & Mahallin Masana'antu

Masana'antar optoelectronics ta ga ci gaba mai ci gaba zuwa inganci mafi girma (lumens da yawa a kowace watt), ingantaccen fitar da launi, da ƙarancin farashi. Yayin da fasahar hawa saman (SMT) ke mamaye samar da girma don aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin sarari kamar nuni da kayan haskakawa, LEDs na cikin rami kamar wannan sun kasance masu dacewa don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfi, sauƙin haɗawa da hannu, gyara, ko don amfani a cikin soket. Hakanan akwai wani yanayi zuwa ƙarin ƙwaƙƙwaran binning don launi da juzu'i don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace-aikacen da ke amfani da LEDs da yawa. Daidaitawar RoHS da aka bayyana yanzu ma'auni ne na duniya, wanda ƙa'idodin muhalli ke motsa shi. Ci gaba na gaba na iya haɗawa da ingantattun guntu masu inganci da ƙarin ingantattun tsarin phosphor don ingantaccen ingancin haske, har ma a daidaitattun tsarin marufi.