Takardar Bayani na Fitilar LED Mai Launin Raya - Girman 5mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 2.4V - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki 75mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda tana ba da cikakkun ƙayyadaddun bayanai na fasaha don fitilar LED mai inganci, wacce ake hawa ta hanyar huda allon. An ƙera na'urar don aikace-aikacen nuni da haskakawa na gabaɗaya inda amintacce, inganci, da sauƙin haɗawa suke da muhimmanci. Tana amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don samar da fitilar haske mai launin raya, yana ba da ma'auni na bayyane na gani da ingancin makamashi.

An saka LED ɗin a cikin sanannen kunshin T-1 3/4, wanda yayi daidai da diamita na ruwan tabarau na 5mm, yana sa ya dace da ɗimbin tsararrun allon PCB da yankunan allon da suka wanzu. Zanen sa yana jaddada ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki da ƙarfin haske mai ƙarfi, yana sa ya dace da na'urori masu amfani da baturi ko aikace-aikace inda rage amfani da makamashi ke da muhimmanci. Samfurin ya bi ka'idojin RoHS, yana nuna cewa ba shi da abubuwa masu haɗari kamar gubar (Pb).

2. Zurfafa Cikin Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Ma'auni na Cikakke

An ayyana iyakokin aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin muhalli (TA=25°C). Wucewa waɗannan ma'auni na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin.

• Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):75 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya zubarwa cikin aminci a matsayin zafi.
• Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (IF):30 mA. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC da za'a iya amfani da shi akai-akai.
• Kololuwar Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba:60 mA. Ana iya yarda da wannan ƙarfin wutar lantarki mafi girma kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun 0.1ms) don ɗaukar ƙaruwar gajeren lokaci.
• Factor na Ragewa:0.4 mA/°C sama da 50°C. Dole ne a rage matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ci gaba da layi yayin da yanayin zafi ya ƙaru fiye da 50°C don hana yin zafi sosai.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Aiki:-40°C zuwa +100°C. Kewayon yanayin zafin muhalli wanda aka ƙayyade na'urar don yin aiki a cikinsa.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafin Ajiya:-55°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na dakika 5, ana auna shi 1.6mm daga jikin LED. Wannan yana ayyana bayanan zafin jiki don hanyoyin solder na hannu ko igiyar ruwa.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki & Na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na IF = 20mA da TA = 25°C, yana ba da ƙimar aikin tushe.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv):400 - 2500 mcd (millicandela), tare da ƙimar al'ada na 1150 mcd. Ana sarrafa wannan faɗin kewayon ta hanyar tsarin rarrabawa (cikakken bayani daga baya). Ana auna ƙarfin ta amfani da firikwensin da aka tace don dacewa da amsawar gani na idon ɗan adam (lankwalin CIE).
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 30. Wannan shine cikakkiyar kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimarsa da aka auna akan axis na tsakiya. Yana nuna katakon haske mai matsakaicin mayar da hankali.
• Tsawon Tsawon Tsinkaya (λP):591 nm. Tsawon tsinkaya wanda fitar da ƙarfin haske ya fi girma a kai.
• Mahimmanci Tsawon Tsinkaya (λd):582 - 596 nm. Wannan shine tsawon tsinkaya guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane wanda ke ayyana launi, wanda aka samo daga zanen launi na CIE. Yana tabbatar da cewa launin raya ya faɗi cikin ƙayyadadden kewayon.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):15 nm. Faɗin bakan da aka fitar a rabin matsakaicin ƙarfinsa, yana nuna tsaftar launi.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (VF):2.05 - 2.4 V, tare na al'ada na 2.4V a 20mA. Wannan shine raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (IR):100 µA matsakaici a VR = 5V. Ba a ƙera LED don aikin karkatar da baya ba; wannan ma'auni don dalilai na gwajin zubewa kawai.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace-aikace, ana rarraba LED ta hanyar ma'auni na gani masu mahimmanci. Wannan takardar bayani ta yi cikakken bayani game da tsarin rarrabawa don ƙarfin haske.

Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken (@ 20mA):An rarraba LED ɗin zuwa rukunoni shida (SB1 zuwa SB6), kowannensu yana da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi da kewayon ƙarfi. Rashin daidaituwa ga kowane iyakar rukunin shine ±15%.

• SB1:1900 - 2500 mcd
• SB2:1500 - 1900 mcd
• SB3:1150 - 1500 mcd
• SB4:880 - 1150 mcd
• SB5:680 - 880 mcd
• SB6:400 - 680 mcd

Wannan tsarin yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar LED tare da matakin haske da ake buƙata don takamaiman aikace-aikacensu, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani lokacin da ake amfani da LED da yawa tare.

4. Bincike na Lankwalin Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman bayanan hoto a cikin takardar (Lankwalan Halayen Lantarki/Na Gani na Al'ada akan shafi na 4), ma'auni suna nuna daidaitattun lankwalan halayen LED waɗanda ya kamata a yi la'akari da su a cikin zane:

• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lankwalan I-V):Dangantakar tana da ƙima. Ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki fiye da na al'ada VF yana haifar da babban ƙaruwa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki, yana buƙatar matakan iyakance ƙarfin lantarki.
• Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lankwalan I-Iv):Ƙarfin yana ƙaruwa gabaɗaya tare da ƙarfin lantarki amma yana iya cika ko lalacewa a ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa saboda tasirin dumama.
• Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Yanayin Yanayi:Fitowar haske yawanci tana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwar LED ya tashi. Factor na rage ƙarfin lantarki a kaikaice yana sarrafa wannan tasirin thermal.
• Rarraba Bakan:Fitarwa ƙunƙuntaccen band ne wanda ke kewaye da kololuwar tsawon tsinkaya na 591 nm, halayen fasahar AlInGaP, wanda ke ba da ingantaccen jikewar launi.

5. Bayanan Injiniya & Kunshewa

5.1 Girman Kunshin

Na'urar tana amfani da daidaitaccen kunshin jagora mai radial tare da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta na T-1 3/4 (5mm) diamita. Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da:

• Duk girma suna cikin milimita (inci da aka bayar a cikin rashin daidaituwa).
• Daidaitaccen rashin daidaituwa shine ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade.
• Matsakaicin tsinkaya na guduro a ƙarƙashin flange shine 1.0mm.
• Ana auna tazarar jagora a wurin da jagororin suka fita daga jikin kunshin.

5.2 Gano Polarity

Ga LED masu huda allon, ana gano cathode ta hanyar wuri mai lebur a gefen ruwan tabarau, gajeren jagora, ko tsaga a cikin flange. Zanen girma na takardar bayani zai fayyace takamaiman alama. Daidai polarity yana da mahimmanci don aiki.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

Daidaitaccen sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci ga amintacce. Takardar tana ba da cikakkun bayanai na taka tsantsan:

• Siffantar Jagora:Dole ne a yi shi a yanayin dakin, kafin solder. Lanƙwasa jagororin a wuri aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED. Kada ku yi amfani da jikin kunshin azaman fulcrum.
• Solder:
  • Solder na Ƙarfe:Matsakaicin zafin jiki 350°C na matsakaicin dakika 3 (sau ɗaya kawai).
  • Solder Wave:Dumama zuwa matsakaicin 100°C na matsakaicin dakika 60, solder wave a matsakaicin 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5.
  • Muhimmin Dokar:Kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau zuwa wurin solder. Guji tsoma ruwan tabarau cikin solder don hana hawan guduro akan jagororin, wanda zai iya haifar da matsalolin solder.
  • Ba a ba da shawarar:Solder na sake kunnawa IR bai dace da wannan nau'in samfurin mai huda allon ba.
• Tsaftacewa:Yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol idan ya cancanta.
• Ajiya:Ajiye a cikin yanayin da bai wuce 30°C da 70% zafi ba. LED ɗin da aka cire daga ainihin kunshin yakamata a yi amfani da su cikin watanni uku. Don ajiya mai tsawo, yi amfani da kwantena masu rufewa tare da desiccant ko yanayin nitrogen.

7. Bayanan Kunshewa da Oda

Daidaitaccen tsarin kunshewa shine kamar haka:

• Kunshe na Rukuni:1000, 500, 200, ko 100 guda a kowace jakar kunshe mai hana wutar lantarki.
• Carton na Ciki:Jakunkuna 8 na kunshe a kowace akwati, jimlar guda 8000.
• Carton na Waje (Lotin Jigilar Kaya):Akwatin ciki 8 a kowace akwatin waje, jimlar guda 64,000. Ƙarshen kunshin a cikin kayan jigilar kaya bazai cika ba.

Takamaiman lambar sashi don wannan na'urar ita ce LTL2R3KSK, wacce ke ɓoye bayanai game da nau'in ruwan tabarau (Ruwa Bayyane), fasahar tushe (AlInGaP), da launi (Raya).

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

An yi nufin wannan LED don kayan aikin lantarki na yau da kullun, gami da:

• Matsayi da alamun wutar lantarki a cikin kayan lantarki na mabukaci, kayan aiki, da kayan aikin ofis.
• Haskakawar allon da hasken baya don maɓalli da nunin.
• Alamar gabaɗaya da hasken ado inda ake buƙatar bayyanannen alamar raya.

Muhimmin Bayanin Kula:Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amintacce na musamman inda gazawar za ta iya haifar da rayuwa ko lafiya (jirgin sama, na'urorin likita, tsarin aminci), takamaiman tuntuba da cancanta sun zama dole.

8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Zane & Hanyar Turawa

LED na'urar aiki ce ta ƙarfin lantarki. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske, musamman lokacin turawa LED da yawa a layi daya, resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na kowane LEDana ba da shawarar sosai(Tsarin Kewayawa A).

Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da tushen ƙarfin lantarki gama gari tare da resistor guda ɗaya don LED da yawa a layi daya (Tsarin Kewayawa B). Ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin halayen ƙarfin wutar gaba (VF) daga LED ɗaya zuwa wani zai haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin ƙarfin lantarki da ke gudana ta kowannensu, yana haifar da rashin daidaiton haske. Resistor na jerin kowane LED yana daidaita ƙarfin lantarki kuma yana rama wa waɗannan ƙananan bambance-bambancen VF.

Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vcc - VF) / IF, inda Vcc shine ƙarfin wutar lantarki, VF shine ƙarfin wutar gaba na LED (yi amfani da matsakaicin ƙima don amintacce), kuma IF shine ƙarfin wutar gaba da ake so (misali, 20mA).

9. Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

LED suna da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki. Don hana lalacewa:

• Ma'aikata yakamata su sanya igiyoyin wuyan hannu masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki ko safofin hannu masu hana wutar lantarki.
• Dole ne duk kayan aiki, wuraren aiki, da rumfunan ajiya su kasance da ƙasa daidai.
• Yi amfani da ionizer don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na filastik.
• Sarrafa na'urori a wuraren da aka kare ESD.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

Wannan LED mai launin raya na AlInGaP yana ba da fa'idodi daban-daban:

• vs. Tsoffin LED masu launin raya na Phosphor:AlInGaP kayan semiconductor ne kai tsaye don hasken raya, yana ba da inganci mafi girma, mafi kyawun kwanciyar hankali na launi akan lokaci da zafin jiki, da yuwuwar tsawon rayuwa idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar LED shuɗi tare da phosphor mai launin raya.
• vs. Sauran Launuka a cikin Kunshi Mai Kama:Ƙayyadadden kusurwar dubawa (30°) yana ba da katakon haske mai mayar da hankali fiye da LED masu faɗin kusurwa, yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai jagora ko ƙarfin axial mafi girma.
• Muhimman Fa'idodi An taƙaita:Babban ƙarfin fitar da haske, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, ingantaccen inganci, bin ka'idojin RoHS, da dacewa da daidaitaccen hawan T-1 3/4.

11. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

Q1: Shin zan iya turawa wannan LED kai tsaye daga fitarwar dabaru na 5V ko 3.3V?

A: A'a. Dole ne ku yi amfani da resistor mai iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na jerin. Misali, tare da wadatar 5V da na al'ada VF na 2.4V a 20mA, ana buƙatar resistor kusan (5V - 2.4V) / 0.02A = 130 Ohms. Koyaushe duba matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki.

Q2: Me yasa akwai faɗin kewayon irin wannan a cikin ƙarfin haske (400-2500 mcd)?

A: Wannan yana nuna bambancin yanayi a cikin masana'antar semiconductor. Tsarin rarrabawa (SB1-SB6) yana ba ku damar siyan LED a cikin ƙunƙuntaccen kewayon haske da aka ƙayyade don aikace-aikacenku don tabbatar da daidaito.

Q3: Menene bambanci tsakanin Kololuwar Tsawon Tsinkaya da Mahimmanci Tsawon Tsinkaya?

A: Kololuwar Tsawon Tsinkaya (λP) ita ce kololuwar zahiri na bakan haske da aka fitar. Mahimmanci Tsawon Tsinkaya (λd) ana ƙididdige shi daga haɗin gwiwar launi kuma yana wakiltar tsawon tsinkaya guda ɗaya da idon ɗan adam ya gane launin zai zama. λd ya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi.

Q4: Shin zan iya amfani da wannan don aikace-aikacen waje?

A: Kewayon yanayin zafin aiki (-40°C zuwa +100°C) yana ba da damar yawancin yanayin waje. Duk da haka, yi la'akari da ƙarin abubuwa kamar ƙarfin ruwan tabarau akan radiation UV da shigar danshi, waɗanda ba a ƙayyade su a cikin wannan takardar bayani ba. Lulluɓe na yau da kullun ko amfani da LED da aka ƙididdige don amfani da waje na iya zama dole.

12. Nazarin Aikin Zane na Aiki

Yanayi:Zanen allon sarrafawa tare da alamomin matsayi na raya guda 10 iri ɗaya, wanda ke amfani da layin dogo na DC 12V.

Matakan Zane:

1. Zaɓin LED:Zaɓi LED daga rukunin ƙarfi iri ɗaya (misali, SB3: 1150-1500 mcd) don tabbatar da daidaiton haske.
2. Saitin Ƙarfin Lantarki:Zaɓi daidaitaccen ƙarfin turawa na 20mA don kyakkyawan haske da tsawon rai.
3. Ƙididdigar Resistor:Yin amfani da matsakaicin VF (2.4V) don amintacce: R = (12V - 2.4V) / 0.02A = 480 Ohms. Mafi kusancin ƙimar daidaitaccen shine 470 Ohms. Ƙididdigar ƙarfin lantarki: IF = (12V - 2.4V) / 470Ω ≈ 20.4 mA (mai aminci).
4. Wutar Lantarki a cikin Resistor:P_R = IF^2 * R = (0.0204A)^2 * 470Ω ≈ 0.196W. Yi amfani da resistor na 1/4 Watt.
5. Shimfidawa:Sanya kowane LED tare da keɓaɓɓen resistor 470Ω a jere. Tabbatar ramukan PCB sun dace da tazarar jagora daga zanen girma na takardar bayani. Kiyaye mafi ƙarancin nisa 3mm daga jikin LED zuwa kushin solder.
6. Haɗawa:Bi jagororin solder daidai, ta amfani da ƙarfe mai sarrafa zafin jiki don guje wa lalacewar thermal.

Wannan hanya tana tabbatar da duk alamomi 10 suna da daidaitaccen aiki, amintacce.

13. Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan LED yana aiki akan ka'idar electroluminescence a cikin haɗin gwiwar p-n semiconductor. Yankin aiki ya ƙunshi AlInGaP. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin bandgap na kayan, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin aiki. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke cikin gawa na AlInGaP yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap, wanda yake daidai da tsawon tsinkaya (launi) na hasken da aka fitar—a wannan yanayin, raya (~590 nm). Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana ɗauke da guntu na semiconductor, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, da kuma siffanta katakon fitar da haske.

14. Trends na Fasaha

Yayin da LED masu huda allon suka kasance masu mahimmanci don ƙirar ƙira, gyara, da wasu aikace-aikacen masana'antu, mafi faɗin masana'antar optoelectronics tana zuwa ga kunshin na'urar hawa saman (SMD) don yawancin sabbin ƙira. SMD LED suna ba da fa'idodi a cikin haɗawa ta atomatik, ƙaramin ƙafa, da mafi kyawun sarrafa zafin jiki. Ga abubuwan da ke huda allon, ci gaba da ci gaba yana mai da hankali kan ƙara inganci (ƙarin fitowar haske a kowace watt), inganta daidaiton launi ta hanyar rarrabawa mai ci gaba, da haɓaka amintacce a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsauri. Tsarin kayan AlInGaP da aka yi amfani da shi a nan yana wakiltar fasaha mai girma kuma mai inganci don launin amber, raya, da ja, tare da haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar jiki da kunshewa ci gaba da tura iyakokin aiki.