3.1mm LED Mai Haske Amber (AlInGaP) - Ƙarfin Haske 140-240mcd @20mA - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 2.4V - Takardun Bayanan Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakken bayanin LED mai inganci, wanda ake saka ta cikin rami (through-hole). An ƙera wannan na'urar don aikace-aikacen nuna alama na gabaɗaya, yana ba da daidaito tsakanin aiki, aminci, da sauƙin amfani. Babban aikinta shine samar da haske mai bayyanawa a cikin kayan lantarki.

Babban fa'idodin wannan sashi sun haɗa da yawan hasken da yake fitarwa idan aka kwatanta da ƙarancin wutar da yake cinyewa, wanda ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai inganci. Ana iya saka shi a cikin allon lantarki (PCB) kamar yadda aka saba, kuma an ƙera shi don aiki da ƙananan wutar lantarki, sau da yawa yana haɗuwa kai tsaye da na'urori masu haɗaka (ICs) ba tare da buƙatar matakan tuƙi masu rikitarwa ba. Ruwan tabarau mai yaduwa yana ba da kusurwar kallo mai faɗi da daidaito, yana ƙara bayyanawa daga wurare daban-daban.

Kasuwancin da ake nufi ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kayan lantarki na masu amfani da na masana'antu inda ake buƙatar nuna alama mai aminci. Wannan ya haɗa da, amma bai iyakance ga, masu nuna wutar lantarki, masu zaɓar yanayi, da fitilun aiki a cikin na'urori, na'urorin sadarwa, da kayan aikin ofis.

2. Cikakken Bincike Kan Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Iyakar Ƙididdiga

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa, wanda idan aka wuce su, na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba kuma ya kamata a guje su a cikin ƙira mai aminci.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):75 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da na'urar za ta iya fitarwa a matsayin zafi a yanayin zafi na muhalli (T_A) na 25°C. Wuce wannan na iya haifar da zafi mai yawa da gazawa.
• Madaidaicin Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba (I_F):30 mA. Matsakaicin madaidaicin wutar lantarki da za a iya wucewa ta cikin LED.
• Matsakaicin Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba:60 mA, amma kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, 0.1ms faɗin bugun jini). Wannan yana ba da damar ɗan gajeren lokaci na haske mafi girma, kamar a aikace-aikacen ƙyalli.
• Rage Ƙimar:Dole ne a rage madaidaicin wutar lantarki ta gaba da 0.4 mA a kowace digiri Celsius da zafin muhalli ya tashi sama da 50°C. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da tsawon rayuwa a cikin yanayi mai zafi.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki ta Baya (V_R):5 V. Yin amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta baya mafi girma fiye da wannan na iya haifar da gazawar haɗin LED nan da nan.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:-40°C zuwa +100°C. An ƙididdige na'urar don yanayin zafi na masana'antu.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na tsawon dakika 5, an auna daga LED 1.6mm. Wannan yana ayyana taga tsari don solder na hannu ko na igiyar ruwa.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Waɗannan su ne matsakaicin ma'auni na aiki da aka auna a T_A=25°C da I_F=20mA, wanda shine daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji.

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_V):140-240 mcd (millicandela). Wannan yana ƙayyadad da hasken da ake ganin LED kamar yadda na'urar aunawa ta auna, wacce aka tace don dacewa da amsawar idon ɗan adam (lanƙwasa CIE). Faɗin kewayon yana nuna ana amfani da tsarin binning (duba Sashe na 3).
• Kusurwar Kallo (2θ_1/2):Digiri 75. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwar sa (a kan-axis). Kusurwar 75° tana nuna tsarin haske mai faɗi, mai yaduwa wanda ya dace da nuna alama a faɗin yanki.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsinkaya (λ_P):591 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango inda fitarwar ƙarfin bakan ya fi girma.
• Babban Tsawon Tsinkaya (λ_d):590 nm. Wannan ma'auni ne na launi wanda aka samo daga zanen launi na CIE, wanda ke wakiltar tsawon zango guda ɗaya wanda ya fi bayyana launin da ake gani (amber) na LED. Shi ne ma'auni mafi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi.
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):15 nm. Wannan yana nuna tsaftar bakan ko faɗin band na hasken da aka fitar. Ƙananan faɗi zai nuna tushe mafi monochromatic.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba (V_F):2.4V (na yau da kullun, matsakaici). Ragewar wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin aiki a 20mA. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar resistor mai iyakancewa a jere.
• Wutar Lantarki ta Baya (I_R):100 µA (matsakaici) a V_R=5V. Ma'auni na yoyewar haɗin a yanayin kashewa.
• Ƙarfin Ƙarfi (C):40 pF (na yau da kullun) a 0V bias da 1MHz. Wannan yana da alaƙa da aikace-aikacen sauyawa cikin sauri sosai, ko da yake yawanci ba a kula da shi don amfani da nuna alama.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa da yawa, ana rarraba LEDs bisa mahimman ma'auni na gani. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun haske da launi.

3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Haske

Raka'a: mcd @ 20mA. Lambar bin da aka bayar don wannan takamaiman lambar sashi ita ce 'GH', wacce ta dace da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin 140 mcd da matsakaicin 240 mcd. Sauran kwandon da ake da su (JK, LM) suna ba da kewayon ƙarfi mafi girma (har zuwa 680 mcd). Iyakar iyaka ga kowane kwandon shine ±15%.

3.2 Binning na Babban Tsawon Tsinkaya

Raka'a: nm @ 20mA. Takardun bayanan suna jera kwandon daga H14 (582-584 nm) zuwa H20 (594-596 nm). Ba a jera takamaiman kwandon don lambar sashi LTL1KHKSD a cikin abin da aka cire ba, amma zai faɗi cikin ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan kewayon, yana ayyana takamaiman launin amber. Iyakar iyaka ga kowane kwandon shine ±1 nm, yana tabbatar da sarrafa launi mai tsauri a cikin zaɓaɓɓen kwandon.

4. Bincike Kan Lanƙwasa na Aiki

Duk da yake ba a cikakken bayyana takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutun ba, lanƙwasa na yau da kullun don irin wannan LED zai haɗa da:

• Lanƙwasa I-V (Wutar Lantarki-Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki):Yana nuna alaƙar ƙima tsakanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta gaba da wutar lantarki. Ƙarfin wutar gwiwa yana kusa da 2.0-2.1V don LEDs na AlInGaP.
• Ƙarfin Haske vs. Wutar Lantarki ta Gaba (I_Vvs. I_F):Gabaɗaya alaƙa ce kusa da layi, tana nuna cewa haske yana ƙaruwa tare da wutar lantarki, amma inganci na iya raguwa a wutar lantarki mai yawa saboda tasirin zafi.
• Ƙarfin Haske vs. Yanayin Zafin Muhalli:Yana nuna ragewar fitarwar haske yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru. LEDs na AlInGaP yawanci suna da kyakkyawan aikin zafi idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi.
• Rarraba Bakan:Zanen ƙarfin dangi vs. tsawon zango, yana nuna kololuwa kusa da 591 nm tare da rabin faɗin ~15 nm, yana tabbatar da launin amber.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Kunshin

5.1 Girman Kunshin

LED yana da kunshin zagaye mai diamita 3.1 mm. Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da: duk girma suna cikin mm; daidaitaccen iyaka shine ±0.25mm; matsakaicin tsawaitawar guduro a ƙarƙashin flange shine 1.0mm; kuma ana auna tazarar jagora a wurin fita daga jikin kunshin. An ƙera jagororin don saka ta cikin rami.

5.2 Gano Polarity

Ga LEDs masu saka ta cikin rami, ana gano cathode ta gefe mai lebur a bakin ruwan tabarau, gajeren jagora, ko tsaga a cikin flange na filastik. Ya kamata a tabbatar da takamaiman alama akan sashi ko kunshinsa.

6. Jagororin Solder & Taro

Yin amfani da su yadda ya kamata yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewa.

• Samar da Jagora:Dole ne a yi shi a yanayin daki, kafin solder. Lanƙwasa jagora a wuri aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau. Kada ku yi amfani da jikin kunshin a matsayin fulcrum.
• Sharewar Solder:Kiyaye aƙalla 2mm tsakanin wurin solder da gindin ruwan tabarau. Kada ku nutsar da ruwan tabarau cikin solder.
• Sharuɗɗan Solder da Aka Ba da Shawara:
  • Ƙarfe na Solder:300°C matsakaici, dakika 3 matsakaici ga kowane jagora.
  • Solder na Igwa:Yi pre-heat zuwa 100°C matsakaici na 60 sec matsakaici; igiyar solder a 260°C matsakaici na 10 sec matsakaici.
• Mahimmanci:Solder na IR reflow BAI dace da wannan nau'in LED na saka ta cikin rami ba. Zafi mai yawa ko lokaci na iya lalata ruwan tabarau ko lalata LED.
• Tsaftacewa:Yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kawai kamar isopropyl alcohol idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa.

7. Bayanin Kunshin da Oda

Daidaitaccen kunshin shine kamar haka: Ana tattara LEDs a cikin jakunkuna na 1000, 500, ko 250. Ana sanya jakunkuna goma a cikin akwati na ciki (Jimlar 10,000). Ana shirya akwatunan ciki takwas a cikin akwatin jigilar waje (Jimlar 80,000). Ana ba da izinin guntuwar fakitin kawai a cikin fakitin ƙarshe na kayan jigilar kaya.

8. Shawarwari na Ƙirar Aikace-aikace

8.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

LEDs na'urori ne masu aiki da wutar lantarki. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske da hana lalacewa ta wuce gona da iri, resistor mai iyakancewa a jere ya zama dole ga kowane LED lokacin da aka samar da wutar lantarki daga tushen wutar lantarki. Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor (R) ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F. Ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da resistor gama gari don LEDs da yawa a layi daya (Da'irar B a cikin takardun bayanan) saboda bambance-bambance a cikin V_Fna kowane LED, wanda zai iya haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin haske da raba wutar lantarki.

8.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

LED yana da hankali ga ESD. Dole ne a ɗauki matakan kariya yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa: yi amfani da bel ɗin wuyan da aka kafa da saman aiki; yi amfani da masu ionizer don kawar da tsaye akan ruwan tabarau na filastik; kuma tabbatar duk kayan aiki suna da tushe yadda ya kamata.

8.3 Yanayin Ajiya

Don ajiya na dogon lokaci a waje da asalin jakar da aka rufe, ajiye a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da desiccant ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen. Yanayin ajiya da aka ba da shawarar shine ≤30°C da ≤70% zafi na dangi. Ya kamata a yi amfani da LEDs da aka cire daga ainihin kunshinsu a cikin watanni uku.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Wannan LED na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) yana wakiltar ci gaba akan tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide). Manyan bambance-bambance sun haɗa da:

• Mafi Girman Inganci:AlInGaP yana ba da ƙarin lumens a kowace watt, yana haifar da haske mafi girma don wutar lantarki iri ɗaya ko ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki don haske iri ɗaya.
• Mafi Kyawun Kwanciyar hankali na Zafin Jiki:Ƙarfin haske na LEDs na AlInGaP yana raguwa ƙasa da haɓakar zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da GaAsP.
• Mafi Kyawun Jikewa Launi:Fasahar tana ba da damar haske mafi haske, launuka masu haske na amber da ja.

10. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQs)

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga fil ɗin microcontroller na 5V?

A: A'a. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta gaba shine 2.4V, kuma fil ɗin microcontroller ba zai iya samar da 20mA cikin aminci yayin da kuma yana rage ~2.6V ba. Dole ne ku yi amfani da resistor a jere (misali, (5V - 2.4V) / 0.02A = 130 Ohms) kuma mai yiwuwa mai sauya transistor wanda fil ɗin MCU ke tuƙa.

Q: Me yasa akwai mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin haske (140 mcd) maimakon kawai ƙimar yau da kullun?

A: Tsarin binning yana ba da garantin mafi ƙarancin matakin aiki. Lokacin da kuka yi oda daga kwandon 'GH', an tabbatar muku kowane LED zai cika ko wuce 140 mcd a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji, yana tabbatar da daidaito a aikace-aikacenku.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsawon zango kololuwa da babban tsawon zango?

A> Tsawon zango kololuwa shine kololuwar zahiri na bakan fitarwa. Babban tsawon zango ƙima ce da aka ƙididdige bisa ga fahimtar launi na ɗan adam (ginshiƙi na CIE) kuma ya fi dacewa da launin da kuke gani a zahiri. Ga LEDs masu launi ɗaya kamar wannan amber, sau da yawa suna kusa sosai.

11. Misalin Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙirar mai nuna wutar lantarki na kayan aiki mai amfani da wutar lantarki.

Mai samar da wutar lantarki yana ba da layin dogaro na 5V. Manufar ita ce samun mai nuna alama na amber mai bayyanawa, koyaushe a kunne.

1. Zaɓin Wutar Lantarki na Yanzu:Zaɓi I_F= 20mA (daidaitaccen wutar lantarki ta gwaji, yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan haske da tsawon rai).
2. Ƙididdigar Resistor:Yin amfani da matsakaicin V_F(2.4V) don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya yana tabbatar da haske ko da tare da sassa mafi girma-V_F. R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.02A = 130 Ohms. Mafi kusancin ƙimar daidaitaccen shine 130Ω ko 120Ω.
3. Matsayin Wutar Lantarki na Resistor:P = I²R = (0.02)²* 130 = 0.052W. Daidaitaccen resistor na 1/8W (0.125W) ko 1/4W ya fi isa.
4. Shimfidar PCB:Sanya LED kusa da ramin panel. Tabbatar cikin diamita ramin ya ɗauki ruwan tabarau 3.1mm tare da sharewa. Bi ka'idar mafi ƙarancin tazarar solder-zuwa-jiki na 2mm a cikin ƙirar sawun ƙafa.
5. Taro:Shigar da LED, tabbatar da polarity daidai. Yi amfani da bayanin martabar solder na igwa da aka ba da shawarar, kula kada ku yi zafi da yawa ga sashi.

12. Ka'idar Aiki

LED diode ne na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin bandgap ɗinsa, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki (Layer AlInGaP a wannan yanayin). Wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke ciki (Al, In, Ga, P) yana ƙayyade ƙarfin bandgap don haka tsawon zango (launi) na hasken da aka fitar. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai yaduwa yana rufe die na semiconductor, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, yana siffata hasken fitarwa, da haɓaka fitar da haske.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin a cikin LEDs masu nuna alama yana zuwa ga mafi girman inganci da ƙananan ƙira. Duk da yake kunshin saka ta cikin rami kamar wannan fitila na 3.1mm ya kasance sananne don ƙarfin ƙarfinsa da sauƙin haɗawa da hannu, LEDs na Surface-Mount Device (SMD) suna mamaye sabbin ƙira saboda ƙananan girmansu, dacewa don haɗawa ta atomatik, da ƙananan bayani. Duk da haka, LEDs masu saka ta cikin rami suna riƙe da fa'idodi a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai ƙarfi guda ɗaya, mafi kyawun zubar da zafi ta hanyar jagorori, ko inda ƙarfin injiniya don saka gaban panel yake da mahimmanci. Ainihin fasahar kayan AlInGaP na ci gaba da ingantawa don inganci da aminci.