Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
1. Bayanin Samfur
Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun fitilar LED mai inganci, kori (LED) wanda aka ƙera don hawa ta hanyar rami akan allunan da'ira (PCBs) ko bangarori. Na'urar tana amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don samar da hasken kori, an kulle shi a cikin fakitin diamita 3.1mm tare da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta. An ƙera shi don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amintacce, ƙarancin wutar lantarki, da haske mai haske.
Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da bin ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari), yana nuna cewa ba shi da gubar. Yana ba da babban ƙarfin haske dangane da amfani da wutar lantarki, yana mai da shi zaɓi mai inganci. Na'urar tana dacewa da da'irori (ICs) saboda ƙarancin buƙatun yanzu, yana sauƙaƙe ƙirar da'irar tuƙi. Ƙarfinsa na hawa da daidaitaccen fakitin rami sun sa ya dace da kewayon hanyoyin haɗa na'urorin lantarki.
Kasuwar da aka yi niyya ta ƙunshi na'urorin lantarki na gabaɗaya inda ake buƙatar nuna matsayi na gani. Wannan ya haɗa da na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, kayan aikin ofis, na'urorin sadarwa, allunan sarrafa masana'antu, da na'urorin gida. Ƙayyadaddun sa sun sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen haske, launi, da dogon lokacin aminci, amma ba don aikace-aikacen mahimmanci na aminci ko matsanancin yanayi ba tare da tuntubar farko ba.
2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha
2.1 Iyakar Iyakar Ƙididdiga
Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna bayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan iyakokin ba.
- Yawan Watsi (PD):75 mW a yanayin zafin yanayi (TA) na 25°C. Wannan shine matsakaicin adadin wutar lantarki da LED zai iya watsawa a matsayin zafi ba tare da lalacewa ba.
- Yanzu na Gaba:
- DC Yanzu na Gaba (IF):30 mA ci gaba.
- Kololuwar Yanzu na Gaba:60 mA, ana iya yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini tare da zagayowar aiki 1/10 da faɗin bugun jini na 0.1ms. Wannan yana ba da damar ɗan gajeren tuƙi don cimma mafi girman haske na nan take, kamar a cikin aikace-aikacen strobe ko multiplexing.
- Ragewar Zafi:Dole ne a rage matsakaicin yanzu na gaba na DC da 0.4 mA ga kowane digiri Celsius da yanayin yanayi ya tashi sama da 50°C. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da aminci a yanayin aiki mafi girma.
- Yankunan Zafin Jiki:
- Aiki:-40°C zuwa +85°C.
- Ajiya:-55°C zuwa +100°C.
- Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C matsakaici na dakika 5, an auna shi a wuri 2.0mm (0.0787\") daga jikin LED. Wannan yana bayyana taga tsari don hannu ko guguwar solder.
2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da Na Gani
Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a TA=25°C kuma suna bayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun.
- Ƙarfin Hasken (IV):Ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 140 mcd zuwa na yau da kullun 400 mcd, lokacin da aka tuƙa shi a daidaitaccen gwajin yanzu (IF) na 20 mA. Ana auna ƙarfin ta amfani da firikwensin da aka tace don dacewa da madaidaicin amsawar ido na ɗan adam (CIE). Matsakaicin ±15% ya shafi ƙimar ƙarfin da aka tabbatar.
- Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):Digiri 40. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimarsa da aka auna akan tsakiyar axis. Kusurwar 40° tana nuna ingantaccen haske, wanda ya dace da nuni da jagora.
- Ƙayyadaddun Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon:
- Kololuwar Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λP):570 nm. Wannan shine tsawon tsawon tsawon da fitowar ƙarfin gani ya fi girma.
- Mafi Girman Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λd):572 nm. An samo shi daga zanen launi na CIE, wannan shine tsawon tsawon tsawon da idon ɗan adam ya gane wanda ke bayyana launin hasken. Shi ne ma'auni mai mahimmanci don daidaiton launi.
- Rabin Faɗin Layin Gani (Δλ):11 nm. Wannan yana nuna tsabtar gani; ƙunƙuntar faɗi yana nufin launin kori mai cikakken cikakke, mai tsabta.
- Farashin Gaba (VF):Yawanci 2.4V, tare da matsakaicin 2.4V a IF=20mA. Mafi ƙarancin shine 2.1V. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar resistor mai iyakance yanzu a jere tare da LED.
- Yanzu na Baya (IR):100 μA matsakaici lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V.Muhimmin Bayanin Kula:Ba a ƙera na'urar don aiki a cikin karkatar da baya ba; wannan yanayin gwaji don siffanta kawai ne. Yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya a cikin da'ira na iya lalata LED.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Binning
Don sarrafa bambance-bambancen halitta a cikin masana'antar semiconductor, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon aiki. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun ƙarfi da launi.
3.1 Binning na Ƙarfin Hasken
Raka'a: mcd @ 20mA. Kowane kwandon yana da matsakaicin ±15% akan iyakokinsa.
- Kwandon GH:140 – 240 mcd
- Kwandon JK:240 – 400 mcd
- Kwandon LM:400 – 680 mcd
- Kwandon NP:680 – 1150 mcd
Lambar sashi LTL1NHGK4K tana ɗauke da \"GH\" a cikin kari, yana nuna cewa yana cikin kwandon ƙarfin GH (140-240 mcd).
3.2 Binning na Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon
Raka'a: nm @ 20mA. Kowane kwandon yana da matsakaicin ±1nm.
- H06:566.0 – 568.0 nm
- H07:568.0 – 570.0 nm
- H08:570.0 – 572.0 nm
- H09:572.0 – 574.0 nm
- H10:574.0 – 576.0 nm
Lambar sashi ta ƙunshi \"K4K\\
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |