Takardar Bayanin Fasaha ta LTL-R42FGY1H106T LED - Ramar Cikin Allon - Kore-Rairayi/Rairayi - 10mA

1. Bayanin Samfur

LTL-R42FGY1H106T wani sashi ne na Nuna Alama akan Allon Kewaye (CBI). Ya kunshi mai riƙe na lankwasa na dama (gida) na baƙar fata wanda aka tsara don haɗawa da takamaiman fitilun LED. Wannan ƙirar tana sauƙaƙa haɗawa cikin sauƙi akan allunan kewaye da aka buga (PCBs). Ana samun samfurin a cikin tsarin da ke goyan bayan hawa daga sama ko kuma lankwasa na dama kuma ana iya jera su a cikin jeri na kwance ko a tsaye, yana ba da damar haɗawa don sassauƙar ƙira.

1.1 Muhimman Siffofi

• An ƙera shi don sauƙaƙe hanyoyin haɗa allon kewaye.
• Kayan gida na baƙi suna haɓaka bambancin gani na mai nuna alama mai haske.
• Yana aiki tare da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki yayin da yake riƙe da inganci.
• An ƙera shi azaman samfurin da ba shi da gubar kuma ya bi ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa masu haɗari).
• Yana amfani da fitilu masu girman T-1: LED1 tana fitar da launin kore-rairayi ta amfani da guntu na AlInGaP 569nm, kuma LED2 tana fitar da launin rairayi ta amfani da guntu na AlInGaP 589nm.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Manufa

Wannan sashi ya dace da kewayon kayan aikin lantarki, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga:

• Tsarin kwamfuta da na gefe
• Na'urorin sadarwa
• Kayan lantarki na masu amfani
• Kayan aikin masana'antu da sarrafawa

2. Sigogi na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa

2.1 Iyakar Iyakar Ma'auni

Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da garantin aiki a ƙarƙashin ko a waɗannan yanayi ba.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):52 mW (ga duka LED kore-rairayi da Rairayi). Wannan shine iyakar wutar lantarki da LED zai iya watsawa azaman zafi.
• Matsakaicin Halin Gaba na Gaba (I_FP):60 mA. Ana iya amfani da wannan halin yanzu kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (duty cycle ≤ 1/10, faɗin bugun jini ≤ 10μs).
• Halin Gaba na DC (I_F):20 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ci gaba na gaba na halin yanzu da aka ba da shawarar don aiki mai dogaro.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafi na Aiki (T_opr):-40°C zuwa +85°C. Na'urar tana aiki a cikin wannan kewayon yanayin zafi.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafi na Ajiya (T_stg):-45°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na iyakar 5 seconds, ana auna 2.0mm (0.079\") daga jikin LED.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

An ƙayyade waɗannan sigogi a yanayin zafi na muhalli (T_A) na 25°C kuma suna wakiltar aikin na'urar na yau da kullun a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji.

• Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (I_V):LED1 (Kore-Rairayi): 15 mcd (na yau da kullun). LED2 (Rairayi): 14 mcd (na yau da kullun). An auna a I_F= 10mA tare da jurewar gwaji na ±15%. Aunin yana amfani da firikwensin/filter mai kusantar da lanƙwasa amsawar ido na CIE photopic.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 100 (na yau da kullun) ga duka launukan LED. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimarsa na axial (a kan axis).
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λ_P):LED1: 572 nm. LED2: 591 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango a mafi girman matsayi a cikin bakan fitarwa.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):LED1: 570 nm (na yau da kullun), kewayon 566-573 nm. LED2: 588 nm (na yau da kullun), kewayon 584-593 nm. Wannan tsawon zango guda ɗaya ya fi bayyana launin da ake gani, wanda aka samo daga zanen launi na CIE (±1nm jurewa).
• Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):15 nm (na yau da kullun) ga duka biyun, yana nuna tsaftar bakan.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):2.0V (na yau da kullun), tare da matsakaicin 2.6V ga duka LED a I_F= 10mA.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (I_R):10 μA (matsakaici) a Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (V_R) na 5V.Muhimmi:Ba a ƙera wannan na'urar don aiki a ƙarƙashin karkatar da baya ba; wannan yanayin gwaji don siffanta kawai ne.

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Takardar bayanin tana ba da daidaitattun lanƙwasa halaye ga duka nau'ikan LED. Waɗannan lanƙwasa suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

3.1 Lanƙwasa na LED1 (Kore-Rairayi)

Zane-zane na yau da kullun don LED kore-rairayi zai haɗa da:
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken da Halin Gaba na Gaba:Yana nuna yadda fitarwar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, yawanci a cikin alaƙar ƙasa da layi a manyan halayen yanzu saboda dumama.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Halin Gaba na Gaba:Yana nuna halayen I-V na diode.
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken da Yanayin Zafi na Muhalli:Yana kwatanta raguwar fitarwar haske yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa ya tashi.
- Rarraba Bakan:Zane mai nuna ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a cikin tsawon zango, wanda ke tsakiya a kusa da 572 nm.

3.2 Lanƙwasa na LED2 (Rairayi)

Ana ba da irin waɗannan lanƙwasa halaye don LED Rairayi, tare da mahimman sigogi kamar matsakaicin tsawon zango ya canza zuwa 591 nm. Siffar lanƙwasa (I-V, ƙarfi da halin yanzu/zafi) za su kasance makamancin haka amma tare da ƙimomin da suka dace da halayen guntu na rairayi.

4. Bayanin Injiniya da Tattarawa

4.1 Girman Siffa

Sashin yana da ƙirar rama cikin allon lankwasa na dama. Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da:
- Duk girmansu ana bayar da su a cikin milimita, tare da inci a cikin baka.
- Daidaitaccen jurewa shine ±0.25mm (0.010\") sai dai idan an ƙayyade.
- Kayan mai riƙe (gida) baƙar fata ne ko launin toka mai duhu, wanda aka ƙididdige shi UL 94V-0 don ƙonewa.
- LED1 tana da ruwan tabarau mai watsawa kore don fitarwa kore-rairayi; LED2 tana da ruwan tabarau mai watsawa rairayi.

4.2 Gano Polarity

Duk da yake ba a cikakken bayani a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, LED masu rama cikin allon yawanci suna da mafi tsayin anode (+) jagora da gajeriyar cathode (-) jagora. Gidan na iya samun gefe mai lebur ko wasu alama kusa da cathode. Dole ne a kiyaye daidaitaccen polarity yayin shigar da PCB.

5. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

5.1 Ajiya

Don mafi kyawun rayuwar shiryayye, ajiye LED a cikin muhalli wanda bai wuce 30°C ko 70% zafi ba. Idan an cire shi daga ainihin jakar shinge na danshi, yi amfani da shi cikin watanni uku. Don ajiyar dogon lokaci a waje da ainihin marufi, yi amfani da akwati mai rufewa tare da busasshen abu ko busasshen abu mai cike da nitrogen.

5.2 Tsaftacewa

Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole, yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol.

5.3 Samar da Jagora

Idan jagororin suna buƙatar lanƙwasa, yi haka a wani wuri aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED. Kada ku yi amfani da gindin ruwan tabarau ko firam ɗin jagora azaman fulcrum. Dole ne a kammala samar da jagora a yanayin zafi na daki kumakafintsarin solder.

5.4 Sigogi na Solder

Dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙarancin sharewa na 2mm tsakanin wurin solder da gindin ruwan tabarau/mai riƙe. Guji nutsar da ruwan tabarau/mai riƙe cikin solder.

• Ƙarfe na Solder:Matsakaicin zafin jiki 350°C, matsakaicin lokaci 3 seconds kowace jagora (sau ɗaya kawai).
• Solder Wave:Pre-heat zuwa matsakaicin 120°C har zuwa 100s. Solder wave a matsakaicin 260°C har zuwa 5s. Matsayin tsoma baya ya fi ƙasa 2mm daga gindin kwan fitila na epoxy.
• Reflow Solder (Bayanan martaba don Tunani):
  • Preheat/Soak: 150°C min zuwa 200°C max sama da matsakaicin 100s.
  • Lokaci sama da ruwa (T_L=217°C): 60-90s.
  • Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki (T_P): 250°C max.
  • Lokaci a cikin 5°C na zafin rarrabuwa (T_C=245°C): Matsakaicin 30s.
  • Jimlar lokaci daga 25°C zuwa kololuwa: Matsakaicin mintuna 5.

Hattara:Yawan zafin solder ko lokaci na iya canza siffar ruwan tabarau ko haifar da gazawar LED mai ban tsoro.

5.5 Haɗa PCB

Yayin hawan PCB, yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙulla da ake buƙata don guje wa sanya matsin injiniya mai yawa akan jikin LED ko jagororin.

6. Ka'idar Hanyar Tuƙi

LED na'urar aiki ce ta halin yanzu. Fitowar haskenta (ƙarfin haske) shine da farko aikin halin gaba na gaba (I_F) wanda ke wucewa ta cikinsa. Don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki da daidaito, yana da mahimmanci a tuƙi LED tare da tushen halin yanzu mai dorewa ko tushen wutar lantarki tare da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F, inda V_Fshine ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED a halin yanzu na aiki da ake so. Haɗin kai kai tsaye zuwa tushen wutar lantarki ba tare da iyakance halin yanzu ba zai yiwu ya wuce matsakaicin halin gaba na DC, wanda zai haifar da lalacewa cikin sauri ko gazawa.

7. Bayanin Tattarawa da Oda

7.1 Cikakken Bayanin Tattarawa

Ana samar da LED a cikin marufi na tef da reel don haɗawa ta atomatik.

• Tef ɗin Mai ɗauka:Baƙar fata Conductive Polystyrene Alloy, kauri 0.50 ±0.06 mm. Matsakaicin ramin sprocket 10 shine ±0.20.
• Reel:Daidaitaccen reel inci 13 mai ɗauke da guda 350.

7.2 Cikakken Bayanin Akwatin

• Ana tattara reel 1 tare da katin nuna alamar danshi 1 da jakar busassun abu 1 a cikin Jakar Shinge na Danshi (MBB) 1.
• Ana tattara MBB 1 a cikin Akwatin Ciki 1. Kowanne Akwatin Ciki yana ɗauke da reels 2 (guda 700 gabaɗaya).
• Ana tattara Akwatunan Ciki 10 a cikin Akwatin Waje 1. Kowanne Akwatin Waje yana ɗauke da guda 7,000 gabaɗaya (700 pcs * 10).

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan fitilar LED ta dace da alamar ciki/waje da kayan aikin lantarki na gabaɗaya. Ƙirar lankwasa na dama ta sa ya dace don alamomin matsayi akan PCBs inda allon ke hawa daidai da layin gani na mai amfani (misali, a gefen uwar kwamfuta ko allon sarrafa masana'antu).

8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira

• Iyakance Halin Yanzu:Koyaushe aiwatar da iyakance halin yanzu daidai kamar yadda aka bayyana a Sashe na 6.
• Gudanar da Zafi:Duk da yake rushewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa (52mW), tabbatar da cewa yanayin zafin muhalli na aiki bai wuce 85°C ba. A cikin shimfidar wuri mai yawa, yi la'akari da iska.
• Shimfidar PCB:Bi shiyyar da aka ba da shawarar (2mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau) don abin rufe fuska da alamun don hana matsalolin solder.
• Hattarori na ESD:Ko da yake ba a bayyana a sarari ba, yakamata a kiyaye daidaitattun hanyoyin sarrafa ESD (Fitar da Lantarki Mai Tsaye) yayin haɗawa.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q1: Menene bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon da Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon?
A1: Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λ_P) shine ainihin mafi girman matsayi akan zanen fitarwa na bakan. Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d) an samo shi daga ma'auni na launi akan zanen CIE kuma yana wakiltar tsawon zango guda ɗaya na haske mai launi guda ɗaya wanda zai bayyana mafi kusa da launi zuwa LED. λ_dya fi dacewa da fahimtar launi.

Q2: Zan iya tuƙi wannan LED a 20mA ci gaba?
A2: Ee, 20mA shine matsakaicin halin gaba na DC da aka ba da shawarar. Don tsawon rayuwa da dogaro, yin aiki a ƙaramin halin yanzu (misali, 10mA kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi don gwaji) yana da kyau, musamman idan ba a buƙatar cikakken ƙarfin haske ba.

Q3: Me ya sa akwai jurewar ±15% akan ƙarfin haske?
A3: Wannan shine jurewar masana'antu na yau da kullun don LED masu matsakaicin ƙarfi. Yana lissafin bambance-bambancen al'ada a cikin tsarin girma na epitaxial na guntu na semiconductor. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen haske, ana iya rarraba LED (binning) cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙarfi masu ƙarfi.

Q4: Ana buƙatar sink na zafi?
A4: Ga wannan na'urar tare da matsakaicin rushewar wutar lantarki na 52mW, yawanci ba a buƙatar sink na zafi na musamman a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin aiki. Duk da haka, PCB da kanta tana aiki azaman mai yada zafi. Tabbatar da cewa an yi solder jagororin daidai zuwa isassun fakitin tagulla zai taimaka wajen watsar da zafi.

10. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙirar alamar matsayi don na'urar hanyar sadarwa.
An zaɓi LTL-R42FGY1H106T (ta amfani da LED rairayi, LED2) don nuna yanayin \"Aiki/Canja wurin Bayanai\". Babban PCB na na'urar hanyar sadarwa yana ba da layin wadata na 3.3V (V_supply).
Matakan Ƙira:
1. Zaɓi Halin Yanzu na Aiki:Zaɓi I_F= 10mA don kyakkyawan daidaito na haske da tsawon rai.
2. Ƙayyade Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba:Daga takardar bayanin, V_F(na yau da kullun) = 2.0V a 10mA.
3. Ƙididdigar Resistor na Jerin:R = (3.3V - 2.0V) / 0.010A = 130 Ohms. Mafi kusancin ƙimar E24 na yau da kullun shine 130Ω ko 120Ω. Amfani da 120Ω yana ba da I_F≈ (3.3-2.0)/120 = 10.8mA, wanda aka yarda da shi.
4. Ƙididdigar Wutar Lantarki na Resistor: P_R= I²* R = (0.0108)²* 120 ≈ 0.014W. Madaidaicin resistor 1/8W (0.125W) ko 1/10W ya fi isa.
5. Shimfidar PCB:Sanya resistor a cikin jerin tare da anode na LED. Tabbatar da cathode na LED yana haɗe da ƙasa. Kiyaye sharewar 2mm a kusa da gindin LED a cikin ƙirar sawun PCB.

11. Fasaha da Trends na Ci gaba (Bayanin Manufa)

LTL-R42FGY1H106T yana amfani da fasahar semiconductor na AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide). AlInGaP yana da inganci musamman a cikin yankunan ja, lemu, amber, da rairayi na bakan gani idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP. Manyan abubuwan da ke faruwa a wannan yanki sun haɗa da:
- Ƙara Ingantacciyar Aiki:Ci gaban kimiyyar kayan aiki da ingantaccen ƙira na guntu suna haifar da mafi girman ingancin haske (ƙarin fitarwar haske a kowace watt na lantarki).
- Ingantacciyar Daidaiton Launi:Ci gaba a cikin girma na epitaxial da hanyoyin binning suna ba da damar ƙuntatawa akan matsakaicin tsawon zango da ƙarfin haske.
- Ƙirƙirar Marufi:Duk da yake wannan tsohon marufi ne mai rama cikin allon, yanayin masana'antu yana ƙwarai zuwa ga marufi na na'urar hawa saman (SMD) (misali, 0603, 0805, PLCC) don haɗawa ta atomatik da ƙananan siffofi. Abubuwan rama cikin allon sun kasance masu mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfin injiniya mai ƙarfi, haɗawa da hannu, ko takamaiman tsarin gani (kamar masu kallon lankwasa na dama).
- Mayar da hankali kan Dogaro:Ingantattun kayan marufi da hanyoyin masana'antu suna ci gaba da tsawaita tsawon lokacin aiki da kwanciyar hankali a ƙarƙashin matsanancin yanayin muhalli daban-daban.