Takardun Bayani na Fitilar LED T-1 5mm - Ja 639nm - 2.4V 30mA - 72mW - Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun fitilar LED mai diamita T-1 (5mm) ta cikin rami. An ƙera wannan kayan aiki don nuna matsayi da haskakawa a cikin fa'idodin aikace-aikacen lantarki. Babban fa'idodinsa sun haɗa da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, ingantaccen ingancin haske, da ginin da bai ƙunshi gubar ba, wanda ya dace da RoHS. Na'urar tana da launin ja mai watsawa ta amfani da fasahar AlInGaP, tana ba da siffar da ta shahara wacce ta dace da ƙirar ƙira da samarwa mai yawa.

Kasuwannin da aka yi niyya don wannan LED sun bambanta, sun haɗa da kayan aikin sadarwa, na'urorin kwamfuta, na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, kayan aikin gida, da tsarin sarrafa masana'antu. An tallafa wa sassaucin ƙirarta ta hanyar samuwa a cikin rukunoni daban-daban na ƙarfin haske da kusurwar kallo na yau da kullun, wanda ke ba injiniyoyi damar zaɓar matakin haske da ya dace don bukatun aikace-aikacen su na musamman.

2. Zurfin Binciken Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga

Ba za a iya sarrafa na'urar fiye da waɗannan iyakokin ba don hana lalacewa ta dindindin. Manyan ƙididdiga sun haɗa da matsakaicin ɓarnar wutar lantarki na 72mW a yanayin zafin yanayi (TA) na 25°C. Halin yanzu na gaba na DC yana iyakance zuwa 30mA, yayin da mafi girman ƙarfin gaba na kololuwa na 90mA ya halatta a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 0.1ms). An ƙayyade kewayon zafin aiki daga -30°C zuwa +85°C. Ma'auni mai mahimmanci shine ƙimar rage ƙarfin gaba, wanda shine 0.57 mA/°C a layi daga 50°C zuwa sama. Wannan yana nufin halin yanzu na ci gaba yana raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi ya tashi sama da 50°C don sarrafa zafin haɗin gwiwa da tabbatar da amincin.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

An auna a TA=25°C da daidaitaccen gwajin halin yanzu (IF) na 20mA, an ayyana ainihin aikin LED. Ƙarfin haske (Iv) yana da ƙimar al'ada na 180 millicandelas (mcd), tare da mafi ƙarancin 110 mcd da matsakaicin har zuwa 400 mcd dangane da lambar kwandon shara. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2), inda ƙarfin ya rabi ƙimar kan-axis, shine digiri 50, yana ba da katako mai faɗi matsakaici. Tsawon zangon fitarwa mai kololuwa (λP) shine 639 nm, kuma tsayin zangon da ya fi rinjaye (λd) ya bambanta daga 621 nm zuwa 642 nm, yana ayyana launin ja da ake gani. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yawanci 2.4V tare da matsakaicin 2.4V a 20mA. Halin yanzu na baya (IR) yana iyakance zuwa 100 μA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V, ko da yake ba a ƙera na'urar don aikin karkatar da baya ba.

3. Ƙayyadaddun Tsarin Rarrabawa

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon shara. Ana amfani da manyan ma'auni biyu na rarrabawa:

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken Fitila

Ana rarraba LEDs bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da aka auna a 20mA. Lambobin kwandon shara sun bambanta daga F (110-140 mcd) zuwa K (310-400 mcd). Ana amfani da jurewar ±15% ga kowane iyakar kwandon shara.

3.2 Rarrabawar Tsawon Zangon Hasken da Ya Fi Rinjaye

Don daidaiton launi, ana rarraba LEDs ta tsayin zangon da suka fi rinjaye. Lambobin H29 zuwa H33 sun rufe kewayon daga 621.0 nm zuwa 642.0 nm a cikin matakai kusan 4nm. Jurewar kowane iyakar kwandon shara shine ±1 nm.

4. Binciken Lanƙwan Ayyuka

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman bayanan hoto a cikin takardar bayani (Fig. 1-6), madaidaitan lanƙwai na wannan nau'in na'ura suna nuna mahimman alaƙa. Lanƙwan halin yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (I-V) yana nuna alaƙar alaƙar diode. Lanƙwan ƙarfin haske na dangi da halin yanzu na gaba yana nuna cewa fitarwar haske yana ƙaruwa a layi tare da halin yanzu a cikin kewayon aiki. Lanƙwan ƙarfin haske na dangi da yanayin yanayi yawanci yana nuna raguwar fitarwa yayin da zafin jiki ya karu, yana nuna mahimmancin sarrafa zafi. Lanƙwan rarraba bakan yana tsakiya a kusa da tsayin zangon kololuwa na 639 nm tare da rabin faɗin bakan kusan 20 nm.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshewa

5.1 Girman Bayyanannen Siffa

LED ya yi daidai da daidaitaccen fakitin T-1 (5mm) radial leaded. Manyan ma'auni sun haɗa da diamita na ruwan tabarau, tsayin gabaɗaya, da tazarar jagora. Jagororin suna fitowa daga fakitin tare da ƙayyadaddun tazara, kuma jurewar ±0.25mm ya shafi yawancin ma'auni. An ayyana matsakaicin resin a ƙarƙashin flange a matsayin 1.0mm. Anode (tabbatacce) jagora yawanci ana gane shi azaman mafi tsayin jagora.

5.2 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshewa

An yi fakitin LEDs don sarrafa girma da jigilar kaya. Daidaitaccen kwararar kunshewa shine: 1,000 guda a kowace jakar kunshewa mai hana tashin hankali; Jakuna 10 (10,000 pcs) a kowace akwati na ciki; Akwatuna na ciki 8 (80,000 pcs) a kowace babban akwati na waje. Ba a yarda da cikakkun fakitin ba sai don cikakken fakitin a cikin kayan jigilar kaya.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Ajiya da Sarrafawa

Ya kamata a adana LEDs a cikin yanayin da bai wuce 30°C da 70% zafi ba. Idan an cire su daga ainihin fakitin, ya kamata a yi amfani da su cikin watanni uku. Don ajiya mai tsawo, yi amfani da akwati mai rufewa tare da busasshiyar abu. Yi amfani da taka tsantsan na ESD: yi amfani da abin wuya na wuya, wuraren aiki, da ionizers don daidaita tsaye akan ruwan tabarau na filastik.

6.2 Siffantar Igwa

Dole ne a yi lanƙwasa na jagora a wani wuri aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED, a zafin daki, kuma kafin tsarin solder. Kada a yi amfani da gindin firam ɗin jagora azaman fulcrum. Yayin shigar da PCB, yi amfani da ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙarfi.

6.3 Tsarin Solder

Dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta na 3mm tsakanin wurin solder da gindin ruwan tabarau. Kada a nutsar da ruwan tabarau a cikin solder. Ana ba da shawarar yanayin:
Ƙarfe na Solder:Matsakaicin 350°C na 3 seconds matsakaici, tare da ƙarshen ba kusa da 2mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau ba.
Solder Wave:Pre-heat zuwa matsakaicin 100°C na 60s matsakaici, solder wave a matsakaicin 260°C na 5s matsakaici, tare da matakin solder ba ya fi 2mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau.
Infrared (IR) reflow solder bai dace da wannan fakitin ta cikin rami ba. Zafi mai yawa ko lokaci na iya lalata ruwan tabarau ko haifar da gazawa.

7. Shawarwarin Amfani

7.1 Da'irorin Amfani na Yau da Kullun

LEDs na'urori ne masu motsa halin yanzu. Don daidaiton haske, musamman lokacin haɗa LEDs da yawa a layi daya, yana dashawarar ƙarfidon amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na jerin ga kowane LED (Circuit A). Ana hana motsa LEDs da yawa a layi daya kai tsaye daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki (Circuit B) saboda bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na kowane LED (VF), wanda zai haifar da rarraba halin yanzu mara daidaituwa don haka haske mara daidaituwa.

7.2 Abubuwan da Ake Yi la'akari da su a Zane

Yi la'akari da faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba da halin yanzu da ake so don ƙididdige ƙimar resistor na jerin da ya dace ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vcc - VF) / IF. Yi la'akari da rage ƙarfin halin yanzu tare da yanayin yanayi idan yanayin aiki yana da zafi. Tabbatar da shimfidar PCB ta ba da damar mafi ƙarancin tsabtar da aka ba da shawarar tsakanin haɗin gwiwar solder da jikin LED. Wannan LED ya dace da alamun cikin gida da na waje, da kuma na'urorin lantarki na gabaɗaya, amma dole ne zane ya yi la'akari da rufewar muhalli idan ana amfani da shi a waje.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi, wannan LED ja na tushen AlInGaP yana ba da ingantaccen ingancin haske da ingantaccen aiki akan zafin jiki. Daidaitaccen fakitin T-1 yana tabbatar da haɗin kai mai faɗi tare da sawun PCB da soket na yanzu. Samun rukunoni masu ƙarfi da yawa yana ba da damar inganta farashi - zaɓar ƙananan kwandon shara don alamomin da ba su da mahimmanci da babban kwandon shara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ganuwa mafi girma. Daidaitawar RoHS shine babban bambanci ga samfuran da ke niyyar kasuwanni na duniya tare da ƙa'idodin muhalli masu tsauri.

9. Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQ)

Q: Shin zan iya tuka wannan LED ba tare da resistor na jerin ba?
A: A'a. Yin amfani da LED kai tsaye daga tushen ƙarfin lantarki yana da yuwuwar wuce matsakaicin ƙimar halin yanzu, wanda zai haifar da gazawar nan take ko sauri. Resistor na jerin wajibi ne don daidaita halin yanzu.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin tsayin zangon kololuwa da tsayin zangon da ya fi rinjaye?
A: Tsawon zangon kololuwa (λP) shine tsawon zangon da ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar ya fi girma (639 nm). Tsawon zangon da ya fi rinjaye (λd) an samo shi daga daidaitattun launuka kuma yana wakiltar tsayin zangon guda ɗaya na hasken monochromatic wanda zai bayyana yana da launi ɗaya ga idon ɗan adam (621-642 nm). Tsawon zangon da ya fi rinjaye ya fi dacewa da fahimtar launi.

Q: Shin zan iya amfani da wannan LED don nuna ƙarfin lantarki na baya?
A: A'a. Na'urar tana da matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na baya na 5V don gwajin zubar da ruwa kawai. Ba a ƙera shi don aiki a cikin karkatar da baya. Yin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya a cikin da'ira na iya lalata shi.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara lambar kwandon shara akan jakar?
A: Alamar jakar ta haɗa da lambobi don ƙarfin haske (misali, G, H) da tsayin zangon da ya fi rinjaye (misali, H31). Yi kwatancen waɗannan tare da teburin kwandon shara a sashe na 3 don sanin mafi ƙarancin garanti da matsakaicin ƙimar LEDs a cikin wannan jakar.

10. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayi:Zane na nuna alamar wutar lantarki don adaftan DC 12V.
Matakan Zane:
1. Zaɓi manufar halin yanzu na gaba (IF). Yin amfani da ƙimar al'ada na 20mA shine ma'auni.
2. Yi amfani da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na al'ada (VF) na 2.4V don lissafi.
3. Ƙididdigar resistor na jerin: R = (12V - 2.4V) / 0.020A = 480 Ohms. Mafi kusancin ƙimar E24 na yau da kullun shine 470 Ohms.
4. Ƙididdigar ainihin halin yanzu: I = (12V - 2.4V) / 470Ω ≈ 20.4 mA (mai aminci).
5. Ƙididdigar wutar lantarki na resistor: P = I² * R = (0.0204)² * 470 ≈ 0.195W. Daidaitaccen resistor 1/4W (0.25W) ya isa tare da gefe.
6. Zaɓi kwandon shara mai dacewa na ƙarfin haske. Don mai nuna alamar wutar lantarki mai sauƙi, ƙananan kwandon shara (misali, F ko G) yawanci ya isa kuma mai inganci.
7

. Operating Principle

A Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a semiconductor p-n junction diode. When a forward voltage exceeding the junction's built-in potential is applied, electrons from the n-region and holes from the p-region are injected across the junction. When these charge carriers recombine in the active region, energy is released in the form of photons (light). The specific wavelength (color) of the emitted light is determined by the bandgap energy of the semiconductor materials used—in this case, Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) for red light emission. The diffused lens encapsulates the semiconductor chip and serves to protect it, shape the beam (viewing angle), and diffuse the light for a more uniform appearance.

. Technology Trends

While through-hole LEDs remain vital for prototyping, repair, and certain applications requiring robust mechanical connections, the industry trend has strongly shifted towards surface-mount device (SMD) LEDs for high-volume automated assembly. SMD packages offer smaller footprints, lower profiles, and better suitability for reflow soldering. However, through-hole components like this T-1 LED continue to be relevant in educational settings, hobbyist projects, and applications where manual assembly or replacement is expected. Advances in materials like AlInGaP have significantly improved the efficiency and brightness of red LEDs compared to older technologies like GaAsP, allowing for lower current operation or higher light output. Future developments in this form factor may focus on further efficiency gains and expanded color offerings within the same mechanical package.