Fitilar LED ta rami ta zagaye 6.2mm LTL30SETG3JA - Ja 625nm / Kore 530nm - 20mA - 125mW - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda tana cikakken bayani game da cikakkun bayanai na fitilar LED ta rami ta zagaye 6.2mm, wacce aka gane ta da lambar sashi LTL30SETG3JA. An tsara na'urar a matsayin tushen haske mai haske sosai wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen talla daban-daban. Tana amfani da fasahohin semiconductor guda biyu daban-daban: AlGaInP don mai fitar da ja da InGaN don mai fitar da kore, kowannensu yana ba da halayen tsayin raƙuman ruwa na musamman.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

Babban fa'idodin wannan fitilar LED sun hada da fitar da karfin haske mai yawa, wanda ke ba da damar ganuwa mai kyau. Tana da karancin amfani da wutar lantarki tare da ingantaccen ingancin haske, wanda ke taimakawa wajen adana makamashi. An gina kunshin ta amfani da fasahar epoxy mai ci gaba wacce ke ba da juriya mai kyau ga danshi kuma ta hada da hana UV, yana kara dorewa da amincinta don amfani na dogon lokaci a cikin yanayi na cikin gida da na waje. Samfurin ba shi da gubar kuma ya bi ka'idojin RoHS.

1.2 Kasuwa da Aikace-aikace

Tsarin radiyo mai daidaituwa da haske mai yawa sun sa wannan LED ta zama mai dacewa da aikace-aikacen da ke bukatar bayyananniyar ganuwa mai nisa. Babban aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya sun hada da allunan alamar zirga-zirga, manyan allunan talla, alamomin saƙo masu motsi, da alamomi akan motocin jigilar jama'a kamar bas.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken bayani game da sigogi na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi waɗanda ke ayyana iyakokin aiki da aikin LED.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Waɗannan kimantawa suna ƙayyadad da iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. An ayyana su a yanayin zafin yanayi (TA) na 25°C. Matsakaicin yawan watsi na wutar lantarki na ci gaba shine 125 mW don guntun ja da 112 mW don guntun kore. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na DC shine 50 mA don ja da 30 mA don kore. Don aikin bugun jini (duty cycle ≤ 1/10, faɗin bugun jini ≤ 10ms), ana ba da izinin kololuwar halin yanzu na gaba na 100 mA ga duka launuka. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya shine 5 V. Na'urar na iya aiki a cikin kewayon zafin yanayi na -30°C zuwa +85°C kuma ana adana ta daga -40°C zuwa +100°C. Za a iya jure wa igiyoyin a 260°C na iya jure gyaruwa na iya 5 seconds, muddin wurin gyaru ya kasance aƙalla 2.0mm daga jikin LED.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan halayen a ƙarƙashin daidaitattun yanayin gwaji (TA=25°C, IF=20mA) kuma suna wakiltar aikin yau da kullun. Ƙarfin haske (Iv) don LED ja yana da ƙimar yau da kullun na 4200 mcd (m 1500 mcd), yayin da LED kore yana da ƙimar yau da kullun na 6900 mcd (m 3000 mcd). Kallon kusurwa (2θ1/2) ga duka launuka shine digiri 30 tare da jurewar ±2 digiri. Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λP) yawanci shine 627 nm don ja da 525 nm don kore. Matsakaicin tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λd) ya kasance daga 620-630 nm don ja da 525-535 nm don kore. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yawanci shine 2.5 V don ja (max 3.2 V) da 3.75 V don kore (max 4.5 V). Halin yanzu na baya (IR) shine matsakaicin 100 µA a VR=5V.

2.3 Halayen Zafi

Gudanar da zafi yana da mahimmanci ga tsawon rayuwar LED. An ƙayyade abin da ke rage ƙarfin halin yanzu na DC. Don LED ja, dole ne a rage halin yanzu a layi daya da 0.84 mA ga kowane digiri Celsius sama da 50°C. Don LED kore, ragewa shine 0.36 mA/°C sama da 50°C. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa zafin haɗin gwiwa ya kasance cikin iyakoki masu aminci, yana hana lalacewa cikin sauri ko gazawar bala'i.

3. Ƙayyadaddun Tsarin Rarrabuwa

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon shara dangane da ƙarfin haske da tsayin raƙuman ruwa.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken Gani

Teburin rarrabuwar ƙarfi yana rarraba LEDs ta amfani da lambar haruffa biyu (misali, UR, VS, WU). Harafin farko (U, V, W) yana ayyana kewayon ƙarfin haske na kore: U (3000-4000 mcd), V (4000-5300 mcd), W (5300-6900 mcd). Harafi na biyu (R, S, T, U) yana ayyana kewayon ƙarfin haske na ja: R (1500-1900 mcd), S (1900-2500 mcd), T (2500-3200 mcd), U (3200-4200 mcd). Jurewar ±15% ya shafi kowane iyakar kwandon shara.

3.2 Rarrabuwar Launi (Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa)

Don LED kore, ana ba da rarrabuwar launi daban. Lambar kwandon shara G1 ta ƙunshi kewayon tsayin raƙuman ruwa na 525-530 nm, kuma G2 ya ƙunshi 530-535 nm. Jurewar kowane iyakar kwandon shara shine ±1 nm. Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar LEDs tare da takamaiman maki launi idan an buƙata don aikace-aikacensu.

4. Bincike akan Lankwasa na Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman lankwasan hoto a cikin takardar bayanai (Hoto.1, Hoto.6), ana nazarin abubuwan da suka saba nan. Halin yanzu na gaba da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (I-V) ba shi da layi, halayen diode. Ƙarfin haske yana kusan daidai da halin yanzu na gaba a cikin kewayon aikin da aka ba da shawarar. Lankwasa rarraba bakan yana nuna ƙarfin radiyo mai alaƙa a matsayin aikin tsayin raƙuman ruwa, tare da gano kololuwar tsayin raƙuman ruwa da mafi rinjaye. Zanen kusurwar kallo yana kwatanta tsarin radiyo na sarari, yana tabbatar da kusurwar rabin ƙarfi na digiri 30.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin

5.1 Girman Bayyanawa

LED tana da daidaitaccen ruwan tabarau mai zagaye mai diamita 6.2mm. Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da: duk girma suna cikin milimita (inci); daidaitaccen jurewa shine ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade; matsakaicin tsinkayar guduro a ƙarƙashin flange shine 1.0mm; ana auna tazarar jagora a wurin da jagororin suka fita daga jikin kunshin. Ana nuna polarity ta hanyar mafi tsayin anode (+) jagora da/ko wuri mai lebur a gefen ruwan tabarau kusa da cathode (-) jagora.

5.2 Ƙayyadaddun Kunshin

Ana ba da LEDs a cikin jakunkunan tattarawa waɗanda ke ɗauke da guda 500, 200, ko 100. Goma daga cikin waɗannan jakunkuna ana tattara su cikin akwatin ciki, jimlar guda 5,000. Ana tattara akwatuna takwas na ciki cikin akwatin jigilar waje, jimlar guda 40,000. A kowane yanki na jigilar kaya, kawai kunshin ƙarshe na iya ƙunsar adadin da bai cika ba.

6. Jagororin Gyaruwa da Haɗawa

Daidaitaccen sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewa. Dole ne a ƙirƙira jagororin a wurin da ya kai aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED kafin gyaruwa, kuma bai kamata a yi amfani da gindin ruwan tabarau a matsayin fulcrum ba. Yayin haɗin PCB, yakamata a yi amfani da ƙaramin ƙarfi. Don gyaruwa, kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta na 3mm (don ƙarfe) ko 2mm (don igiyar ruwa) tsakanin wurin gyaruwa da gindin ruwan tabarau. Kada ku nutsar da ruwan tabarau cikin gyaruwa. Sharuɗɗan gyaruwa da aka ba da shawarar: Zafin guntun ƙarfe matsakaicin 350°C na matsakaicin 3 seconds (sau ɗaya kawai). Gyaruwar igiyar ruwa: pre-heat max 100°C na 60s max, gyaruwar igiyar ruwa max 260°C na 5s max. Infrared (IR) reflow bai dace da wannan samfurin ta hanyar rami ba. Zafi mai yawa ko lokaci na iya lalata ruwan tabarau ko lalata LED.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ɗauka na Zane

7.1 Zanen Da'irar Turawa

LEDs na'urori ne masu aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin haɗa LEDs da yawa a layi daya, ana ba da shawarar sosai don amfani da resistor na iyakance halin yanzu na mutum ɗaya a cikin jerin tare da kowane LED (Da'irar A). Haɗa LEDs kai tsaye a layi daya ba tare da resistors na mutum ɗaya ba (Da'irar B) ba a ba da shawarar ba, saboda ɗan bambanci a cikin halayen ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) tsakanin LEDs ɗaiɗaikun zai haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin raba halin yanzu, saboda haka, haske.

7.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

LED yana da saukin lalacewa daga zubar da wutar lantarki ko hawan wutar lantarki. Yakamata a aiwatar da matakan rigakafin ESD masu dacewa a cikin yanayin sarrafawa da haɗawa, kamar amfani da tashoshi na aiki masu tushe, igiyoyin wuyan hannu, da kafafun kafafu masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki.

7.3 Ajiya da Tsaftacewa

Don ajiya, yanayin yanayi bai kamata ya wuce 30°C ko 70% danshin yanayi ba. LEDs da aka cire daga ainihin kunshinsu yakamata a yi amfani da su cikin watanni uku. Don ajiyar dogon lokaci a waje da ainihin fakitin, yi amfani da akwati mai rufewa tare da busassun abu ko na'urar bushewa nitrogen. Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole, yi amfani da kaushi masu barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da LEDs na gabaɗaya 5mm, wannan fitilar 6.2mm tana ba da ƙarfin haske mai yawa sosai, yana sa ta dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar tazara mai nisa ko alamun haske. Amfani da AlGaInP don ja yana ba da ingantacciyar inganci da ingantaccen launi a cikin bakan ja-orange. Guntun kore na InGaN yana ba da haske mai yawa. Haɗaɗɗen ruwan tabarau fari mai watsewa yana ba da kusurwar kallo iri ɗaya, sabanin ruwan tabarau masu tsabta waɗanda zasu iya samun katako mai mai da hankali. Ingantaccen epoxy tare da hana UV yana nufin dorewar waje musamman, babban abin bambanta daga daidaitattun LEDs na matakin cikin gida.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha)

Q: Zan iya tuƙi wannan LED a 30mA ci gaba?

A: Don LED ja, i, saboda matsakaicin halin yanzu na DC shine 50mA. Don LED kore, 30mA shine matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar DC; ci gaba da aiki a wannan matakin ba tare da daidaitaccen rage zafi ba na iya rage tsawon rayuwa. Ana ba da shawarar yin aiki a yau da kullun 20mA ga duka.

Q: Wane ƙimar resistor yakamata in yi amfani da shi don wadatar 12V?

A: Amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply - Vf_LED) / I_LED. Don LED kore (Vf~3.75V) a 20mA: R = (12 - 3.75) / 0.02 = 412.5 Ohms. Yi amfani da ƙimar daidaitaccen ƙima mafi kusa (misali, 390 ko 430 Ohms) kuma lissafta ƙimar wutar lantarki na resistor: P = I^2 * R.

Q: Shin wannan LED ya dace da na'urorin da ke da baturi?

A: I, ingantaccen haske mai yawa (high mcd/mA) yana sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke da baturi inda amfani da wutar lantarki ke damun ku, musamman lokacin da ake tuƙa shi a ko ƙasa da 20mA.

10. Nazarin Lamarin Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Yanayi: Zane na alamar "Tasha Bas" mai haske don amfani da waje.

Abubuwan Ɗauka na Zane: Dole ne alamar ta kasance a bayyane a rana da dare. Amfani da LEDs kore (Bin W don mafi girman haske) don rubutun zai ba da bambanci mai yawa. Kusurwar kallo na digiri 30 yana tabbatar da cewa ana iya karanta alamar daga kusurwar kusurwa mai faɗi. Dole ne a tuƙi LEDs tare da resistors na iyakance halin yanzu na mutum ɗaya da aka haɗa zuwa wadatar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi, tare da ƙimar resistor da aka lissafta dangane da ƙarfin wutar lantarki da kuma Vf na yau da kullun na LED kore. Zanen PCB dole ne ya kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta na 2-3mm tsakanin kushin gyaruwa da jikin LED kamar yadda jagororin gyaruwa suka tanada. Epoxy mai hana UV yana tabbatar da cewa ruwan tabarau baya rawaya ko lalacewa tsawon shekaru na bayyanar rana, yana kiyaye fitar da haske da launi.

11. Gabatarwa kan Ka'idar Aiki

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce ta cikinsu. Ana kiran wannan al'amari electroluminescence. A cikin LED, electrons suna sake haɗuwa tare da ramuka a cikin kayan semiconductor (AlGaInP don ja, InGaN don kore), suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa (launi) na haske an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar tazarar bandgap na kayan semiconductor. Ruwan tabarau epoxy yana aiki don kare guntun semiconductor, siffanta tsarin radiyo (kusurwar kallo na digiri 30 a wannan yanayin), kuma a cikin wannan samfurin, ya haɗa da mai watsewa don ƙirƙirar bayyanar daidai.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Gabaɗayan yanayin fasahar LED yana zuwa ga ingantaccen inganci (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), ingantaccen launi, da ƙarancin farashi. Don LEDs irin na nuni kamar wannan, trends sun haɗa da ƙananan ƙira (ƙananan fakitin tare da irin wannan fitarwa), haɗa guntu masu yawa (RGB) cikin kunshi ɗaya, da haɓaka ƙarin kayan kunshi masu ƙarfi don matsanancin yanayi. Kimiyyar kayan asali don ja (AlGaInP) da kore/shudi (InGaN) LEDs na ci gaba da girma, yana haifar da haɓaka haɓaka a cikin inganci da tsawon rai. Ƙoƙarin ingantaccen amfani da makamashi a duk na'urorin lantarki yana ci gaba da fifita fasahar LED akan alamun incandescent ko na gargajiya.