Takardar Bayanin Fasaha ta LTL1DEGYHJ - LED na Ramin T-1 - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 2.0V - Wutar 78mW - Kori / Rawaye

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta bayyana cikakkun ƙayyadaddun fitilar LED mai rami, mai suna LTL1DEGYHJ. An ƙera wannan kayan don nuna matsayi da aikace-aikacen haske mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki a cikin na'urorin lantarki daban-daban. Ana ba da shi da launuka biyu daban-daban: kore da rawaya, dukansu suna da ruwan tabarau mai watsawa (white diffused lens) don samar da haske mai daidaito da faɗin kusurwa. Na'urar ta yi daidai da sanannen ma'aunin fakitin diamita T-1 (3mm), wanda ya sa ta dace da yawancin ƙirar PCB da yankunan panel da suka wanzu.

1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi na Asali

Babban fa'idodin wannan jerin LED sun haɗa da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki da ingantaccen haske, wanda ke taimakawa wajen adana makamashi a aikace-aikacen ƙarshe. An gina shi ta amfani da kayan da ba su da gubar kuma ya cika ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa masu haɗari), yana tabbatar da amincin muhalli. Tsarin T-1 na yau da kullun yana ba masu ƙira kayan da aka sani kuma ana samunsu sosai don saurin ƙira da samarwa.

1.2 Aikace-aikace da Kasuwannin da Ake Nufi

Wannan LED ya dace da faɗin aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar nuni na gani mai bayyananne, amintacce. Manyan kasuwannin da ake nufi sun haɗa da kayan aikin sadarwa (misali, na'urorin hanyar sadarwa, modem), na'urorin kwamfuta na gefe, na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, da na'urorin gida. Amintaccensa da buƙatun tuƙi masu sauƙi sun sa ya zama zaɓi mai kyau don nuna matsayin wutar lantarki, yanayin aiki, ko faɗakarwar tsarin.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da fassarar ma'ana da cikakkun bayanai game da mahimman sigogi na lantarki, haske, da zafi da aka ƙayyade don LED LTL1DEGYHJ.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici

Matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici yana bayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ga duka nau'ikan kore da rawaya, matsakaicin ci gaba na DC na yanzu shine 30mA. An ƙididdige watsawar wutar lantarki a 78mW. Matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba na 120mA yana yiwuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (duty cycle ≤ 1/10, faɗin bugun jini ≤ 10μs). An ƙididdige na'urar don aiki a cikin kewayon zafin yanayi na -30°C zuwa +85°C kuma ana iya adana shi a cikin yanayin zafi daga -40°C zuwa +100°C. Yayin gyarawa, igiyoyin za su iya jure 260°C na iyakar daƙiƙa 5, muddin wurin gyarawa ya kasance aƙalla 2.0mm daga jikin LED.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Haske

Matsakaicin wurin aiki don gwada halayen haske yana a ƙarfin gaba (IF) na 20mA. A wannan halin yanzu, matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba (VF) shine 2.0V ga duka launuka, tare da kewayon daga 1.6V (ƙarami) zuwa 2.5V (matsakaici). Wannan bambance-bambancen yana buƙatar amfani da resistors masu iyakancewa na yanzu a jere tare da kowane LED don aiki mai ƙarfi. Ƙarfin haske (Iv) ya bambanta sosai tsakanin launuka: LED kore yana da matsakaicin ƙarfi na 85 millicandelas (mcd), yayin da LED rawaya ya fi haske tare da matsakaicin ƙarfi na 240 mcd. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2) shine faɗin digiri 80, yana ba da tsarin fitarwa mai faɗi wanda ya dace da alamomin da aka ɗora akan panel. Babban tsayin raƙuman ruwa (λd) yana bayyana launin da ake gani: LED kore yana nufin 570nm, kuma LED rawaya yana nufin 590nm. Ramin rabin raƙuman ruwa (Δλ) yana kusan 15nm don kore da 20nm don rawaya, yana nuna tsantsar hasken da aka fitar.

3. Ƙayyadaddun Tsarin Binning

Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa kwandon bin bisa mahimman sigogi. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar abubuwan da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace don daidaito.

3.1 Binning Ƙarfin Haske

An rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa lambobi daban-daban. Ga LED kore, kwandon 'CD' ya ƙunshi 50-85 mcd, kuma kwandon 'EF' ya ƙunshi 85-140 mcd. Ga LED rawaya, kwandon 'GH' ya ƙunshi 140-240 mcd, kuma kwandon 'JK' ya ƙunshi 240-400 mcd. An yi amfani da rangwamen gwaji na ±30% akan waɗannan iyakokin kwandon.

3.2 Binning Babban Tsayin Raƙuman Ruwa

Hakanan ana sarrafa babban tsayin raƙuman ruwa ta hanyar binning. LED kore ana samun su a cikin kwandon H06 (564-567nm), H07 (567-570nm), H08 (570-572nm), da H09 (572-574nm). LED rawaya ana samun su a cikin kwandon Y02 (584-589nm) da Y03 (589-594nm). Rangwamen kowane iyakar kwandon tsayin raƙuman ruwa shine ±1nm, yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin zaɓaɓɓen kwandon.

4. Bincike akan Lankwasa Ayyuka

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman lankwasan hoto a cikin takardar bayani (Hoto 1, Hoto 6), tasirinsu yana da mahimmanci ga ƙira. Lankwasa na gaba na yanzu da ƙarfin gaba (I-V) ba ta da layi, siffar diode. Dangantakar tsakanin ƙarfin haske da ƙarfin gaba gabaɗaya layi ne a cikin kewayon aiki, amma dole ne masu ƙira kada su wuce matsakaicin matsakaicin ƙimar yanzu. Rarraba ƙarfin kusurwa (mai alaƙa da kusurwar kallo) yana nuna yadda fitar haske ke raguwa daga axis, wanda yake da mahimmanci don tabbatar da ganuwa daga kusurwoyi daban-daban. Taswirar rarraba bakan tana nuna kololuwar tsayin raƙuman fitarwa da faɗin bakan, wanda ke da alaƙa da jikewar launi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

5.1 Girman Bayani da Rangwame

LED ɗin ya yi daidai da ma'aunin fakitin zagaye T-1 (3mm). Muhimman bayanan injiniya sun haɗa da: duk girmansu yana cikin milimita, tare da rangwamen gabaɗaya na ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba. Matsakaicin tsayin guringuntsi a ƙarƙashin flange shine 1.0mm. Ana auna tazarar jagora a inda jagororin suka fita daga jikin fakitin, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga shimfidar PCB. Anode (tabbatacce) jagora yawanci ana gane shi azaman mafi tsayin jagora, al'adar masana'antu don gano polarity.

5.2 Ƙayyadaddun Marufi

An tattara LED ɗin don sarrafa girma da haɗa kai. An fara tattara su a cikin jakunkuna masu ɗauke da guda 500, 200, ko 100. Sannan ana sanya guda 10 daga cikin waɗannan jakunkuna a cikin akwatin ciki, jimlar guda 5,000. A ƙarshe, ana shirya akwatuna takwas na ciki a cikin akwatin jigilar waje, wanda ya haifar da jimlar guda 40,000 a kowane akwatin waje. Takardar bayanin ta lura cewa a cikin kowane yawan jigilar kaya, kawai fakitin ƙarshe bazai zama cikakken fakitin ba.

6. Jagororin Gyarawa da Haɗawa

Kula da kyau yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye aikin LED da aminci.

6.1 Ajiya da Tsaftacewa

Ya kamata a adana LED a cikin yanayi wanda bai wuce 30°C da 70% zafi ba. Idan an cire su daga ainihin fakitin shinge na danshi, ya kamata a yi amfani da su cikin watanni uku. Don ajiyar dogon lokaci a waje da ainihin jakar, ya kamata a ajiye su a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da busassun abu. Tsaftacewa, idan ya cancanta, ya kamata a yi shi da kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol.

6.2 Ƙirar Jagora

Idan jagororin suna buƙatar lanƙwasa, dole ne a yi lanƙwasa a wani wuri aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED. Kada a yi amfani da gindin firam ɗin jagora azaman fulcrum. Dole ne koyaushe a yi ƙirar jagora kafin aikin gyarawa kuma a zafin daki don guje wa damuwa akan ruwan tabarau na epoxy.

6.3 Tsarin Gyarawa

Dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta na 2mm tsakanin gindin ruwan tabarau da wurin gyarawa. Kada a taɓa nutsar da ruwan tabarau a cikin solder. Don gyarar hannu da ƙarfe, matsakaicin zafin da aka ba da shawarar shine 350°C na ƙasa da daƙiƙa 3 (sau ɗaya kawai). Don gyarar igiyar ruwa, bai kamata pre-heat ya wuce 100°C na daƙiƙa 60 matsakaici ba, kuma igiyar solder ya kamata ta kasance a 260°C matsakaici na daƙiƙa 5 matsakaici. Muhimmanci, an bayyana sarai cewa Infrared (IR) reflow soldering bai dace da wannan nau'in LED na rami ba. Zafi mai yawa ko lokaci na iya haifar da nakasar ruwan tabarau ko gazawar bala'i.

7. Shawarwarin Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

7.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuƙi

LED na'urori ne masu aiki da yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin da ake amfani da LED da yawa a layi daya, ana ƙarfafa ba da shawarar amfani da resistor mai iyakance yanzu na mutum ɗaya a jere tare da kowane LED (Da'irar A). Haɗa LED kai tsaye a layi daya ba tare da resistors na mutum ɗaya ba (Da'irar B) ba a ba da shawarar ba, saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin halayen ƙarfin gaba (Vf) tsakanin LED ɗaiɗaikun zai haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin rabon yanzu, saboda haka, haske. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor na jeri ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply - Vf_LED) / I_desired, inda Vf_LED shine matsakaicin ƙarfin gaba daga takardar bayani (misali, 2.0V) kuma I_desired shine yanzu na aiki da ake nufi (misali, 20mA).

7.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

Waɗannan LED ɗin suna da saukin lalacewa daga zubar da wutar lantarki. Dole ne a aiwatar da matakan rigakafi a cikin yanayin sarrafawa: ma'aikata ya kamata su yi amfani da bel ɗin wuyan hannu da aka kafa ko safar hannu masu hana tashin hankali; duk kayan aiki, teburin aiki, da rumbun ajiya dole ne a kafa su da kyau. Ana ba da shawarar busar ion don kawar da cajin tsaye wanda zai iya taruwa akan ruwan tabarau na filastik saboda gogayya yayin sarrafawa.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Abubuwan Ƙira

Idan aka kwatanta da na'urorin LED na saman-mount (SMD), LED na rami kamar LTL1DEGYHJ suna ba da sauƙin ƙira da gyarawa da hannu, kuma suna iya zama mafi ƙarfi a cikin yanayi mai girgiza saboda haɗin injinansu. Babban bambancinsu shine faɗin kusurwar kallo (80°) da ruwan tabarau mai watsawa mai siffar dome ke bayarwa, wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar ganin alamar daga faɗin kusurwoyi. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi la'akari da mafi girman watsawar wutar lantarki akan PCB idan aka kwatanta da LED na SMD na zamani kuma su tabbatar da isasshen tsabta a kusa da ruwan tabarau don fitar haske.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Sigogi na Fasaha)

9.1 Shin zan iya tuƙa wannan LED a 30mA ci gaba?

Yayin da matsakaicin matsakaicin DC na gaba shine 30mA, don mafi kyawun tsawon rai da aminci, yana da kyau a yi aiki a ko ƙasa da yanayin gwaji na yau da kullun na 20mA. Yin aiki a matsakaicin ƙimar na iya rage tsawon rai da ƙara damuwa na zafi.

9.2 Me yasa ake buƙatar resistor na jeri ko da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na ya yi daidai da ƙarfin gaba na LED?

Ƙarfin gaba (Vf) ba ƙima ce ta ƙayyadadden ba amma tana da kewayon (misali, 1.6V zuwa 2.5V). Wutar lantarki da aka saita zuwa 2.0V na iya ba da yawan yanzu ga LED tare da Vf a ƙarshen ƙananan kewayonsa, wanda zai iya lalata shi. Resistor na jeri yana aiki azaman mai sarrafa yanzu mai sauƙi, amintacce.

9.3 Menene rangwamen ±30% akan kwandon ƙarfin haske ke nufi ga ƙirata?

Yana nufin cewa LED daga kwandon "EF" (85-140 mcd) zai iya auna ko'ina daga kusan 60 mcd zuwa 182 mcd lokacin gwaji. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton haske sosai, kuna iya buƙatar zaɓar LED daga kwandon mai ƙarfi ko aiwatar da daidaitawar lantarki a cikin da'irar ku.

10. Misalan Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Misali 1: Alamar Wutar Lantarki akan Na'ura:LED kore guda ɗaya daga kwandon EF, wanda aka tuƙa a 15mA ta hanyar resistor na jeri daga layin dogo na 5V, yana ba da bayyananniyar alamar "wutar lantarki tana kunne" mai haske. Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana tabbatar da ganuwa daga gaba da gefuna na kayan aikin.

Misali 2: Alamar Matsayi Biyu:Yin amfani da LED kore ɗaya da rawaya ɗaya kusa da juna. Fil ɗin GPIO na microcontroller zai iya nutsar da yanzu don haskaka kowane LED da kansa, yana nuna yanayin tsarin daban-daban (misali, kore don "jiran aiki," rawaya don "mai aiki," duka kashe don "kuskure"). Resistors na mutum ɗaya ga kowane LED wajibi ne.

11. Gabatarwa kan Ƙa'idar Aiki

Diodes masu fitar da haske (LEDs) na'urorin semiconductor ne waɗanda ke fitar da haske lokacin da wutar lantarki ta wuce ta cikin su. Wannan abin al'ajabi, da ake kira electroluminescence, yana faruwa lokacin da electrons suka sake haɗuwa tare da ramukan electron a cikin na'urar, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Launin hasken yana ƙayyade ta hanyar tazarar band na makamashi na kayan semiconductor da aka yi amfani da su. A cikin wannan kayan, ana amfani da takamaiman mahadi na semiconductor don samar da hasken kore da rawaya. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai watsawa fari yana aiki don kare guntuwar semiconductor, daidaita fitar da hasken haske, da watsa hasken don samar da bayyanar daidai, mara haske.

12. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin

Yayin da fasahar saman-mount (SMT) ta mamaye manyan na'urorin lantarki na zamani, LED na rami sun kasance masu dacewa da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfi, sauƙin haɗawa da hannu, ko dacewa da ƙirar da suka wanzu. Yarjejeniya a cikin LED na nuni yana zuwa ga ingantacciyar inganci (ƙarin fitar haske a kowane mA na yanzu) da ƙarancin rangwamen binning don ingantaccen launi da daidaiton haske. Daidaitawar RoHS da ginin maras gubar na wannan kayan sun yi daidai da ƙa'idodin muhalli na duniya da ka'idojin masana'antu. Bukatun tuƙi na asali da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace da aka zayyana a cikin wannan takardar bayanin sun kasance daidai a duka fasahohin LED na rami da SMD.