Takardar Bayanin Fasaha ta LTL-R42FSK6D - Fitilar LED Mai Rauraye - Diamita T-1 - 2.6V - 78mW - Takardar Fasaha ta Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

LTL-R42FSK6D fitilar LED ce mai rauraye wacce aka tsara don nuna matsayi da aikace-aikacen sigina. Tana da sanannen kayan aikin diamita T-1, wanda ya sa ta zama mai amfani don hawa akan allunan da'ira (PCBs) ko bangon waya. Na'urar tana amfani da fasahar AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) don guntu mai haske mai launin rawaya, wanda aka haɗa da ruwan tabarau mai watsawa mai launin rawaya don samar da fitar da haske mai daidaito da faɗin kusurwa.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

• Ingantacciyar Aiki & Ƙarancin Amfani da Wutar Lantarki:Tsarin kayan AlInGaP yana ba da ingantaccen haske mai haske, yana ba da damar fitarwa mai haske tare da ƙaramin wutar lantarki.
• Ƙarfin Haske Mai Ƙarfi:Yana ba da matsakaicin ƙarfin haske na 400 mcd a daidaitaccen kwararar 20mA, yana tabbatar da kyakkyawan gani.
• Daidaitawa da Muhalli:Wannan samfur ne marar gubar (Pb), wanda ya dace gaba ɗaya da umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Hatsari).
• Sauƙin Ƙirƙira:Kayan aikin T-1 (3mm) na daidaitacce ana amfani da su sosai kuma sun dace da tsarin PCB na gama-gari da yankunan bangon waya.
• Ƙaramin Kwararar Lantarki:Yana dacewa da fitarwar da'ira mai haɗaka (IC), yana buƙatar ƙaramin kwararar lantarki kawai don aiki, yana sauƙaƙa ƙirar direba.

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Manufa

Wannan LED ta dace da ɗimbin kayan aikin lantarki waɗanda ke buƙatar masu nuna gani bayyananne, amintattu. Manyan wuraren aikace-aikace sun haɗa da:

• Kayan Aikin Sadarwa:Fitilolin matsayi akan na'urorin hanyar sadarwa, modem, masu sauya hanyoyin sadarwa.
• Na'urorin Kwamfuta:Wutar lantarki, ayyukan HDD, da masu nuna aiki.
• Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani:Masu nuni akan kayan aikin sauti/bidiyo, kayan aikin gida.
• Kayan Aikin Gida:Masu nuna wutar lantarki, lokaci, ko matsayin aiki akan microwave, injunan wanki, da sauransu.
• Kayan Sarrafa Masana'antu:Matsayin inji, masu nuna kuskure, da hasken bangon sarrafawa.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Iyakar Iyakar Ƙididdiga

Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki a ko kusa da waɗannan iyakokin ba.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_D):78 mW a yanayin zafin muhalli (T_A) na 25°C. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki da kayan aikin LED zasu iya watsawa cikin aminci a matsayin zafi.
• Kwararar Lantarki ta DC (I_F):30 mA ci gaba. Ba kamata a yi amfani da LED sama da wannan matakin kwararar DC ba.
• Matsakaicin Kwararar Lantarki:60 mA, wanda aka yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (duty cycle ≤ 1/10, faɗin bugun jini ≤ 10 µs). Wannan yana ba da damar yanayin wuce gona da iri na ɗan lokaci, kamar yayin haɗawa da yawa.
• Rage Ƙimar:Matsakaicin kwararar lantarki ta DC da aka yarda da ita yana raguwa a layi sama da 50°C a ƙimar 0.43 mA/°C. Wannan yana da mahimmanci ga sarrafa zafi a cikin yanayi mai zafi.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:Na'urar na iya aiki daga -40°C zuwa +85°C kuma ana iya adana ta daga -40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder na Jagora:260°C na iyakar 5 seconds, wanda aka auna 2.0mm daga jikin LED. Wannan yana ayyana taga tsarin solder na hannu ko igiyar ruwa.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki & Na Gani

Waɗannan sune ma'auni na yau da kullun na aiki da aka auna a T_A=25°C da I_F=20mA, sai dai idan an faɗi.

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_V):180 mcd (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 400 mcd (Na al'ada), 880 mcd (Mafi girma). Wannan faɗin kewayon ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar tsarin rarrabuwa (duba Sashe na 4). Ana auna ƙarfin tare da tacewa wanda ya dace da lanƙwasa amsawar ido na CIE photopic.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_1/2):Digiri 65. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar axis (0°). Ruwan tabarau mai watsawa ya haifar da wannan madaidaicin kusurwar dubawa.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon 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Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Ts_P): nm. This is the wavelength at which the spectral power distribution is at its maximum.
• Dominant Wavelength (λ_d): nm. This is the single wavelength perceived by the human eye that defines the color (yellow) of the LED, derived from the CIE chromaticity diagram.
• Spectral Line Half-Width (Δλ): nm. This indicates the spectral purity; a narrower width means a more saturated, pure color.
• Forward Voltage (V_F):.0V (Min), 2.6V (Typ), V (Max). The voltage drop across the LED when conducting 20mA. Designers must account for this when calculating series resistor values.
• Reverse Current (I_R): µA (Max) at a reverse voltage (V_R) of 5V.Important:This device is not designed for reverse-bias operation; this parameter is for leakage test purposes only.

. Binning System Specification

To ensure color and brightness consistency in production, LEDs are sorted into bins. The LTL-R42FSK6D uses two independent binning criteria.

.1 Luminous Intensity Binning

LEDs are classified based on their measured luminous intensity at 20mA.

Note: Tolerance on each bin limit is ±15%.

.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning

LEDs are also sorted by their dominant wavelength to control the precise shade of yellow.

Note: Tolerance on each bin limit is ±1 nm.For applications requiring tight color matching (e.g., multi-LED displays), specifying a single wavelength bin is essential.

. Mechanical & Package Information

.1 Outline Dimensions

The LED conforms to the standard T-1 (3mm) radial leaded package. Key dimensional notes include:

• All primary dimensions are in millimeters, with a general tolerance of ±0.25mm unless specified otherwise.
• The maximum protrusion of resin under the flange is 0.7mm.
• Lead spacing is measured at the point where the leads exit the package body, which is critical for PCB hole spacing.

. Soldering & Assembly Guidelines

.1 Lead Forming

If leads need to be bent for mounting, the bend must be made at least 3mm away from the base of the LED lens. The base of the lead frame should not be used as a fulcrum. Forming must be done at room temperature andbeforethe soldering process.

.2 Soldering Process

A minimum clearance of 2mm must be maintained between the base of the epoxy lens and the solder point. The lens must never be immersed in solder.

• Hand Soldering (Iron):Maximum temperature 350°C, maximum time 3 seconds per lead. Only one soldering cycle is permitted.
• Wave Soldering:Pre-heat temperature ≤100°C for ≤60 seconds. Solder wave temperature ≤260°C for ≤5 seconds. The LED should be positioned so the solder wave does not come within 2mm of the lens base.
• Critical Warning:Excessive temperature or time can deform the lens or cause catastrophic LED failure.IR reflow soldering is not suitablefor this through-hole type LED.

.3 Storage & Handling

For long-term storage outside the original packaging, it is recommended to store LEDs in a sealed container with desiccant or in a nitrogen ambient. LEDs removed from packaging should ideally be used within three months. The recommended storage environment is ≤30°C and ≤70% relative humidity.

.4 Cleaning

If cleaning is necessary, use only alcohol-based solvents such as isopropyl alcohol.

. Application Design Considerations

.1 Drive Circuit Design

LEDs are current-operated devices. To ensure uniform brightness when driving multiple LEDs, a current-limiting resistor must be used in series witheachLED (Circuit A). Connecting LEDs directly in parallel (Circuit B) is not recommended, as slight variations in the forward voltage (V_F) characteristic between individual LEDs will cause significant differences in current sharing and, consequently, brightness.

Circuit A (Recommended):[Vcc] — [Resistor] — [LED] — [GND] (Repeat for each LED).
Circuit B (Not Recommended):[Vcc] — [Resistor] — [LED1 // LED2 // LED3] — [GND].

The series resistor value (R_S) can be calculated using Ohm's Law: R_S= (V_Supply- V_F) / I_F. Using the typical V_Fof 2.6V and a desired I_Fof 20mA with a 5V supply: R_S= (5V - 2.6V) / 0.020A = 120 Ω. A standard 120Ω resistor with sufficient power rating (P = I²R = 0.048W) would be suitable.

.2 Thermal Management

While the power dissipation is low, the derating curve must be respected in high ambient temperature applications. If the ambient temperature exceeds 50°C, the maximum allowable DC forward current must be reduced by 0.43 mA for every degree above 50°C. For example, at 70°C ambient, the maximum I_Fwould be 30 mA - (0.43 mA/°C * (70-50)°C) = 30 mA - 8.6 mA = 21.4 mA.

.3 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection

This LED is susceptible to damage from electrostatic discharge. Proper ESD controls must be implemented during handling and assembly:

• Personnel should wear grounded wrist straps or anti-static gloves.
• All workstations, tools, and storage racks must be properly grounded.
• Use an ionizer to neutralize static charge that may accumulate on the plastic lens during handling.

. Packaging Specifications

The product is available in several standard packaging quantities to suit different production scales:

• Basic Unit:Available in bags of 1000, 500, 200, or 100 pieces.
• Inner Carton:Contains 10 bags, totaling 10,000 pieces.
• Master (Outer) Carton:Contains 8 inner cartons, totaling 80,000 pieces.

Within a shipping lot, only the final pack may contain a non-full quantity.

. Technical Comparison & Differentiation

The LTL-R42FSK6D, based on its AlInGaP material and specifications, offers distinct advantages:

• vs. Traditional GaAsP Yellow LEDs:AlInGaP technology provides significantly higher luminous efficiency and brightness (luminous intensity) for the same drive current, resulting in lower power consumption for a given light output.
• vs. Broad-Viewing-Angle LEDs:The 65-degree viewing angle, achieved via a diffused lens, offers a good balance between wide visibility and reasonable on-axis intensity, making it suitable for both direct and indirect viewing applications.
• vs. Non-Binned LEDs:The comprehensive binning system for both intensity and wavelength provides designers with predictable performance and color consistency, which is critical for multi-indicator applications or products where aesthetic uniformity is important.

. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

.1 Can I drive this LED directly from a 3.3V or 5V microcontroller pin?

No. While the voltage may seem sufficient, an LED must be current-limited. Connecting it directly to a low-impedance voltage source like a microcontroller pin will typically allow excessive current to flow, potentially damaging both the LED and the microcontroller output. Always use a series current-limiting resistor as described in Section 6.1.

.2 Why is the luminous intensity range so wide (180-880 mcd)?

This is the total production spread. Through the binning process (Section 3.1), LEDs are sorted into tighter groups (HJ, KL, MN). For consistent brightness in your application, you should specify and purchase LEDs from a single intensity bin.

.3 Is this LED suitable for outdoor use?

The datasheet states it is good for indoor and outdoor signs. The operating temperature range of -40°C to +85°C supports outdoor environments. However, for prolonged outdoor exposure, consider additional environmental protection (e.g., conformal coating on the PCB, sealed enclosures) to guard against moisture and UV degradation, which are not covered by the LED's own specifications.

.4 What happens if I exceed the absolute maximum ratings?

Operating beyond these limits, even briefly, can cause immediate or latent failure. Exceeding the power dissipation or current can overheat and destroy the semiconductor junction. Exceeding the soldering temperature/time can melt the epoxy lens or damage internal bonds. The device is not guaranteed to function correctly after such stress.

. Operating Principle & Technology

The LTL-R42FSK6D is based on a semiconductor diode made from AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) materials. When a forward voltage exceeding the diode's threshold (approximately 2.0V) is applied, electrons and holes are injected into the active region of the semiconductor where they recombine. This recombination process releases energy in the form of photons (light). The specific composition of the AlInGaP layers determines the wavelength (color) of the emitted light, which in this case is in the yellow spectrum (~587 nm). The epoxy package serves to protect the delicate semiconductor chip, act as a lens to shape the light output beam (65-degree viewing angle), and provide the diffused yellow tint.