Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na Fitilar LED Fari T-1 3/4 - Diamita 5mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 3.6V - Ragewar Wutar Lantarki 120mW

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na fitilar LED fari mai ƙarfi, wanda aka ƙera don haɗawa ta hanyar rami (through-hole) akan allunan kewayawa (PCBs) ko panel. Na'urar tana amfani da fasahar InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) don samar da hasken fari kuma an lulluɓe ta a cikin sanannen tsarin haɗawa T-1 3/4 (diamita 5mm) tare da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta. An ƙera ta don ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki da ingantacciyar aiki, wanda ya sa ta dace da ɗimbin aikace-aikacen nuni da haskakawa inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen aiki.

Babban fa'idodin wannan LED sun haɗa da bin ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa masu haɗari), ma'ana ba ta da gubar. Zanen ta ya dace da kewayawa saboda ƙarancin buƙatun wutar lantarki. Ƙarfin haɗawa ya ba da damar haɗawa cikin sauƙi a cikin tarin na'urorin lantarki daban-daban.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙarfafawa

Kada a yi amfani da na'urar fiye da waɗannan iyakoki, saboda yin hakan na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin.

• Ragewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):120 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin jimlar wutar lantarki da LED zai iya fitarwa azaman zafi.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (I_FP):100 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka ba da izini, wanda aka ƙayyade a ƙarƙashin zagayowar aiki 1/10 tare da faɗin bugun jini na 0.1ms. Ya fi girma sosai fiye da ƙimar DC don ɗaukar gajerun bugun jini masu ƙarfi.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba na DC (I_F):30 mA. Wannan shine matsakaicin ci gaba da ƙarfin wutar gaba da aka ba da shawarar don dogon lokacin aiki mai aminci.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafi na Aiki (T_opr):-25°C zuwa +80°C. An ƙera LED don yin aiki a cikin wannan kewayon yanayin zafi.
• Kewayon Yanayin Zafi na Ajiya (T_stg):-30°C zuwa +100°C.
• Zafin Solder na Igwa:260°C na dakika 5, wanda aka auna 1.6mm (0.063") daga jikin LED. Wannan yana bayyana yanayin zafin da igwa zai iya jurewa yayin solder da hannu ko na igiyar ruwa.

2.2 Halaye na Lantarki da na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan sigogi a yanayin zafi (T_a) na 25°C kuma suna bayyana matsakaicin aikin na'urar.

• Ƙarfin Haske (I_v):10000 - 16000 mcd (millicandela) a ƙarfin wutar gaba (I_F) na 20mA. Wannan ma'auni ne na ƙarfin hasken da ake ganin yana fitowa a wata takamaiman hanya. Ƙimar ainihin tana ƙarƙashin ƙimar ±15% kuma an rarraba ta zuwa rukunoni (duba Sashe na 3). Auna yana bin lakatun amsawar ido na CIE.
• Kusurwar Kallo (2θ_1/2):Digiri 15 (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine cikakkiyar kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ke raguwa zuwa rabin ƙimar sa ta axial. Ƙananan kusurwar kallo kamar wannan tana nuna ƙaramin haske mai mai da hankali, kamar fitilar haske.
• Ma'auni na Kalar Haske (x, y):Kimanin 0.30, 0.30 a I_F= 20mA. Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana wurin launin hasken fari akan zanen kalar haske na CIE 1931. An ƙayyade takamaiman rukunoni don ƙarin sarrafa launi (duba Sashe na 3).
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F):3.3V (m) / 3.6V (ma) a I_F= 20mA. Wannan shine raguwar wutar lantarki a kan LED yayin aiki. Haka nan an rarraba shi don daidaito.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (I_R):100 µA (ma) a Ƙarfin Wutar Baya (V_R) na 5V.Muhimmin Bayanin Kula:Wannan sigogi ne kawai don gwaji. Ba a ƙera LED don aikin baya-baya ba, kuma amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki a baya a cikin kewayawa na ainihi na iya lalata na'urar.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED zuwa rukunonin aiki. Wannan yana ba masu zane damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatu don haske, wutar lantarki, da launi.

3.1 Rukunonin Ƙarfin Haske (I_v)

Dangane da mafi ƙanƙanta da matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfin haske a I_F=20mA:

• Y1:10000 - 13000 mcd
• Z1:13000 - 17000 mcd
• Z2:17000 - 22000 mcd

Ƙimar auna 15% ta shafi.

3.2 Rukunonin Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F)

Dangane da ƙarfin wutar gaba a I_F=20mA:

• 3H:2.75V - 3.00V
• 4H:3.00V - 3.25V
• 5H:3.25V - 3.50V
• 6H:3.50V - 3.60V

Ƙimar auna 15% ta shafi.

3.3 Rukunonin Kalar Haske (Chromaticity)

An bayyana su ta hanyar ma'auni huɗu na (x,y) akan zanen CIE 1931, kamar:

• Rukuni 40:Ma'auni waɗanda suka haifar da ma'auni huɗu a kusa da takamaiman wurin fari.
• Rukuni 50, 60, 70:Rukunoni masu zuwa tare da ma'auni daban-daban na launi, suna ba da damar zaɓi daga sanyin fari zuwa yanayin fari mai zafi (takamaiman fassarar yana buƙatar zanen).

Ƙimar auna ma'auni na launi na ±0.01 ya shafi.

4. Bincike akan Lakatunan Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman zane-zane a cikin takardar bayanin, lakatunan na yau da kullun don irin waɗannan LED ɗin zasu haɗa da:

• Dangantakar Ƙarfin Haske da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (I_vvs. I_F):Yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki, yawanci a cikin yanayin ƙasa da layi, yana mai da hankali kan mahimmancin ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin wutar lantarki akan ƙayyadaddun wutar lantarki.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_Fvs. I_F):Yana nuna halayen I-V na diode. Wutar lantarki tana tashi da sauri da zarar an wuce bakin kofa.
• Dangantakar Ƙarfin Haske da Yanayin Zafi (I_vvs. T_a):Yana kwatanta raguwar fitowar haske yayin da zafin haɗuwa yana ƙaruwa, wani muhimmin abin da ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi don sarrafa zafi a cikin aikace-aikacen mai ƙarfi ko yanayin zafi mai girma.

Waɗannan lakatunan suna da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi marasa daidaito (ƙarfin wutar lantarki daban-daban ko yanayin zafi) da kuma don ingantaccen zanen kewayawa.

5. Bayanin Tsarin Jiki da Haɗawa

5.1 Girman Tsarin Haɗawa (Package)

LED tana amfani da daidaitaccen tsarin haɗawa mai rami T-1 3/4 (5mm) mai zagaye. Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da:

• Duk girma suna cikin milimita (ana ba da inci a cikin maƙallan).
• Ƙimar jurewa gabaɗaya na ±0.25mm (±0.010") ta shafi sai dai idan an ƙayyade.
• Matsakaicin fitowar guduro a ƙarƙashin flange shine 1.0mm (0.04").
• Ana auna tazarar igwa a wurin da igwa ke fitowa daga jikin haɗawa.

5.2 Gano Ƙarshen Lantarki (Polarity) da Siffantar Igwa

Yawanci, igwa mafi tsayi yana nuna anode (tabbatacce), kuma ɗan gajeren igwa ko fili a gefen haɗawa yana nuna cathode (maras kyau). Takardar bayanin ta jaddada muhimman ƙa'idodin sarrafawa:

• Dole ne a yi siffantar igwakafinsolder kuma a yanayin daki na yau da kullun.
• Ya kamata a yi lanƙwasa aƙalla 3mm daga gindin ruwan tabarau na LED. Ana haramta amfani da jikin haɗawa azaman fulcrum.
• Ya kamata a yanke igwa a yanayin zafi na yau da kullun.

6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa

6.1 Sigogi na Solder

Solder da Hannu (Ƙarfe):

• Zafin jiki: 300°C matsakaici.
• Lokaci: dakika 3 matsakaici kowace igwa (sau ɗaya kawai).

Solder na Igaya:

• Zafin jiki Kafin: 100°C matsakaici.
• Lokaci Kafin: dakika 60 matsakaici.
• Zafin jiki na Igayan Solder: 260°C matsakaici.
• Lokacin Tuntuɓar: dakika 5 matsakaici.

Muhimmin Doka:Kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta na 2mm tsakanin gindin ruwan tabarau na LED da wurin solder. Kada a taɓa tsoma ruwan tabarau cikin solder.

6.2 Ajiya da Tsaftacewa

• Ajiya:Sharuɗɗan ajiya da aka ba da shawarar sune ≤30°C da ≤70% zafi na dangi. LED ɗin da aka cire daga jakunkun su na asali na hana danshi ya kamata a yi amfani da su cikin watanni uku. Don ajiya mai tsawo, yi amfani da akwati mai rufi tare da busassun abu ko yanayin nitrogen.
• Tsaftacewa:Yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa.

6.3 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

LED suna da hankali ga wutar lantarki. Kariyar sarrafawa ta haɗa da amfani da igiyoyin wuyan hannu, safofin hannu masu hana wutar lantarki, da tabbatar da cewa duk kayan aikin suna da tushe daidai.

7. Bayanin Haɗawa da Oda

Daidaitaccen tsarin haɗawa shine kamar haka:

• Naúrar Asali:500 ko 250 guda a kowace jakar hana danshi mai hana wutar lantarki.
• Akwatin Ciki:Ya ƙunshi jakuna 10, jimlar 5,000 guda.
• Akwatin Waje:Ya ƙunshi akwatuna na ciki 8, jimlar 40,000 guda.

Takamaiman lambar sashi (misali, LTW-2S3D7) yana gano samfurin. Ana yiwa alamar lambar rukunin ƙarfin haske akan kowace jakar tattarawa.

8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace

8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan LED ta dace da fitilun nuni na gabaɗaya, nunin yanayi, hasken baya don ƙananan panel, da hasken kayan ado a cikin na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, kayan aikin gida, panel ɗin sarrafa masana'antu, da aikace-aikacen cikin motoci (inda aka cika ƙayyadaddun bayanan muhalli). An yi niyya ne don na'urorin lantarki na yau da kullun.

8.2 Abubuwan da Ya kamata a Yi la'akari da su a Zanen Kewayawa

Hanyar Turawa:LED na'urori ne masu turawa ta hanyar wutar lantarki. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske, musamman lokacin haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya, anaba da shawarar sosaidon amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa na jerin ga kowane LED (Tsarin Kewayawa A). Turawa LED da yawa a layi daya kai tsaye daga tushen wutar lantarki (Tsarin Kewayawa B) ba a ba da shawara ba saboda bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin wutar gaba (V_F) tsakanin kowane LED, wanda zai iya haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki, saboda haka, haske.

Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor na jerin ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_supply- V_F) / I_F, inda V_Fda I_Fsune wuraren aiki da ake so don LED.

8.3 Gudanar da Zafi

Duk da cewa wannan na'urar ce mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki, bin matsakaicin ragewar wutar lantarki da ƙimar yanayin zafi na aiki yana da mahimmanci don tsawon rai. A cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da yanayin zafi mai girma ko wuraren da aka rufe, tabbatar da isasshen iska ko kuma yi la'akari da rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki na aiki.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da tsoffin fasahohi kamar ƙwan fitila, wannan LED tana ba da ingantacciyar inganci, tsawon rai, da ƙarancin samar da zafi. A cikin kasuwar LED, manyan abubuwan da suka bambanta su ne haɗin takamaiman ƙarfin haske mai ƙarfi (10,000+ mcd) daga daidaitaccen haɗawa na 5mm, ƙananan kusurwar kallo na digiri 15 don hasken da aka nufa, da ingantaccen tsarin rarraba don daidaiton haske da launi. Bin ka'idojin RoHS buƙatu ne na yau da kullun amma har yanzu yana da mahimmanci ga masana'antar kera na'urorin lantarki na zamani.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQs)

Q: Shin zan iya turawa wannan LED kai tsaye daga wutar lantarki 5V ba tare da resistor ba?
A:No.Wannan zai iya lalata LED. Ƙarfin wutar gaba yana kusan 3.6V. Yin amfani da 5V zai haifar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai yawa, wanda ya wuce matsakaicin ƙimar DC. Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor mai iyakancewa na jerin.

Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (100mA) da Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba na DC (30mA)?
A: LED na iya ɗaukar gajerun bugun jini na ƙarfin wutar lantarki mafi girma (100mA) amma kawai a ƙaramin zagayowar aiki. Don ci gaba da aiki, ƙarfin wutar lantarki bai kamata ya wuce 30mA ba. Wucewa da ƙimar DC yana haifar da zafi mai yawa da lalacewa cikin sauri.

Q: Me ya sa kusurwar kallo ta yi kunkuntar (15°)?
A: Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta da mai nuna ciki na ciki an ƙera su don daidaita haske zuwa ƙaramin haske. Wannan yana da kyau ga aikace-aikacen da ake buƙatar ganin haske daga wata takamaiman hanya, kamar mai nuna panel da ake kallo kai tsaye.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara Rukunonin Kalar Haske (40, 50, da sauransu)?
A: Waɗannan rukunoni suna wakiltar yankuna daban-daban akan zanen kalar haske na CIE. Ƙananan lambobi (misali, Rukuni 40) yawanci suna dacewa da hasken fari tare da yanayin zafin launi daban-daban (CCT). Don daidaitawar launi daidai, tuntuɓi takamaiman zanen kalar haske da kewayon ma'auni da aka bayar a cikin cikakkiyar takardar bayanin.

11. Nazarin Aikin Zane na Aiki

Yanayi:Zanen panel mai nuna yanayi tare da LED fari iri ɗaya 10. Wutar lantarki da ake da ita ita ce 12V DC. Manufar ita ce samun haske mai ƙarfi, daidaitacce.

Matakan Zane:

1. Tsarin Kewayawa:Don tabbatar da daidaito, haɗa LED 10 a jere, kowannensu yana da nasa resistor (ko kuma yi amfani da resistor ɗaya mai ƙarfi mafi girma don dukan jerin idan V_Frukunoni suna da ƙarfi). Haɗawa a layi daya yana da haɗari saboda V_F variation.
2. Wurin Aiki:Zaɓi ƙarfin wutar gaba (I_F). Wurin aminci mai haske shine 20mA, wanda shine yanayin gwaji kuma yana cikin 30mA ma.
3. Ƙididdigar Wutar Lantarki:Ɗauki mafi munin yanayi V_Fdaga Rukuni 6H: 3.6V. Don LED 10 a jere, jimlar V_F= 36V. Wannan ya wuce wutar lantarki 12V, don haka haɗa duka 10 a jere ba zai yiwu ba. A maimakon haka, yi amfani da reshe biyu a layi daya na LED 5 kowanne a jere.
4. Ƙididdigar Resistor don Reshe Daya (LED 5):
   Jimlar V_F(LED 5) = 5 * 3.6V = 18V. Wannan ya riga ya wuce 12V, don haka wannan hanyar ma ta gaza. Yi sake kimantawa: Tare da wutar lantarki 12V, zaku iya samun 'yan LED kaɗan a jere. Don LED 3 a jere: V_F= 10.8V. Resistor R = (12V - 10.8V) / 0.020A = 60 Ohms. Wutar lantarki a cikin resistor P = I²R = (0.02^2)*60 = 0.024W, don haka daidaitaccen resistor 1/4W yana da kyau. Kuna buƙatar irin waɗannan igiyoyi 4 (3+3+3+1) don yin LED 10, tare da daidaitattun resistors ga kowane jerin.
5. Ai watar:Wannan zanen yana ba da daidaiton haske kowane jerin kuma yana kare kowane LED tare da iyakarsa ta ƙarfin wutar lantarki.

12. Gabatarwa akan Ƙa'idar Aiki

Wannan LED fari ya dogara ne akan fasahar semiconductor na InGaN. Ba kamar tsoffin LED fari da ke amfani da shuɗi mai shuɗi tare da phosphor rawaya ba, takardar bayanin ta ƙayyade "InGaN Fari," wanda yawanci yana nuna ƙa'ida iri ɗaya: ƙwayar semiconductor tana fitar da hasken shuɗi. Wannan hasken shuɗi sai ya tada wani Layer na rawaya (ko rawaya da ja) phosphor a cikin haɗawa. Haɗin hasken shuɗi daga guntu da hasken rawaya/ja daga phosphor suna haɗuwa don samar da hasken da ya zama fari ga idon ɗan adam. Takamaiman haɗin phosphor yana ƙayyade yanayin zafin launi (CCT) da ma'auni na nuna launi (CRI) na hasken fari. Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta yana ba da damar cikakken hasken da aka haɗa ya wuce tare da ƙaramin yaduwa, yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙananan kusurwar kallo.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Ci gaban fasahar LED fari yana haifar da ci gaba da inganta inganci (lumens kowace watt), ingancin launi (daidaiton CRI da CCT), da rage farashi. Duk da yake na'urorin haɗawa na saman (SMD) LED sun mamaye sabbin ƙira saboda ƙananan girma da mafi dacewa don haɗawa ta atomatik, LED masu rami kamar wannan haɗawa T-1 3/4 sun kasance masu dacewa don ƙirar ƙira, ayyukan sha'awa, aikin gyara, da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙaƙƙarfan haɗawa ta injina ko mafi girman haske guda ɗaya daga haɗawa daban. Trends a kimiyyar kayan suna mai da hankali kan haɓaka mafi inganci da kwanciyar hankali phosphors, da kuma bincika sabbin tsarin semiconductor don inganta fitar da haske da aikin zafi. Tushen turawa shine zuwa ga mafi dorewa da ingantaccen haske mai inganci a duk sassan.