Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na Fitilar LED LTW2P3D12J - Nau'in T-1 3/4 - 3.0V - 165mW - Fari - Takardar Fasaha ta Turanci

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na fitilar LED ta fari mai ƙarfin haske da aka ƙera don ɗora ta hanyar shiga rami. Na'urar an ƙera ta don aikace-aikacen waje masu ƙarfi, tana da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta da girman marufin da ya dace da sanannen ma'auni na T-1 3/4. Manufofinta na farko na ƙira sune ingantaccen ingancin haske, amincin aiki a cikin yanayi mai tsanani, da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, wanda ya sa ta dace da alamar lantarki da aikace-aikacen nuna alama.

1.1 Siffofi Masu Muhimmanci da Kasuwar Manufa

LED tana ba da fa'idodi da yawa ga masu ƙira. Samfurin ne marar gubar wanda ya dace da umarnin RoHS. Yana ba da fitar da haske mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarancin buƙatun wutar lantarki, yana tabbatar da dacewa da haɗaɗɗun kewayon. Marufin yana da fa'ida don ɗora akan allunan da'ira ko bangarori. Kasuwomin manufa na farko sun haɗa da alamun nuna saƙo (kamar waɗanda ke kan bas ko allunan bayanan jama'a), aikace-aikacen talla na waje, da tsarin alamar zirga-zirga inda ake buƙatar hasken fari mai tsabta da haske.

2. Ma'auni na Fasaha: Cikakken Fassarar Manufa

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Iyakar aikin na'urar an ayyana su a yanayin zafin yanayi (TA) na 25°C. Matsakaicin yawan watsi na ci gaba shine 165 mW. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na DC shine 50 mA, tare da mafi girman ƙarfin bugun jini na gaba na 100 mA da aka halatta a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (duty cycle ≤ 1/10, faɗin bugun jini ≤ 10ms). Kewayon zafin aiki an ƙayyade daga -40°C zuwa +85°C, kewayon ajiya ya faɗaɗa daga -40°C zuwa +100°C. Don yin gishiri, igiyoyin za su iya jure 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 5 lokacin da aka auna 2.0mm daga jikin LED. Faktor na rage ƙimar 0.77 mA/°C yana aiki a layi daga 30°C sama, ma'ana halin yanzu na ci gaba da aka halatta yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru don kasancewa cikin iyakar watsi.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

An auna aikin gabaɗaya a TA=25°C da halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 20 mA. Ƙarfin haske (Iv) yana da ƙimar al'ada na 16000 millicandelas (mcd), tare da mafi ƙarancin 12000 mcd da matsakaicin 27000 mcd. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa garanti na Iv ya haɗa da ƙimar gwaji na ±15%. Kusurwar kallo (2θ1/2), wanda aka ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar axial, yawanci digiri 25 ne. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (VF) yawanci yana auna 3.0V, daga 2.6V zuwa 3.3V. Halin yanzu na baya (IR) shine matsakaicin 10 μA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V, ko da yake ba a ƙera na'urar don aikin baya ba. Ma'auni masu launi (x, y) akan zane na CIE 1931 kusan (0.32, 0.33) ne.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

An rarraba samfurin bisa ga kwandon aiki don tabbatar da daidaito a aikace-aikace.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken

Ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon bisa ga ƙarfin haskensu da aka auna a 20mA. Lambobin kwandon da kewayon su sune: Kwandon Z (12,000 - 16,000 mcd), Kwandon 1 (16,000 - 21,000 mcd), da Kwandon 2 (21,000 - 27,000 mcd). Ƙimar jurewa na ±15% yana aiki ga kowane iyakar kwandon.

3.2 Rarrabawar Launi (Chromaticity)

An kuma rarraba wurin launin fari. Takardar bayanin tana ba da tebur na matsayin launi (misali, 5U, 5L, 6U, 6L, 7U, 7L), kowanne an ayyana shi da saitin ma'auni huɗu na ma'auni masu launi (x, y) waɗanda suka samar da quadrilateral akan zane na CIE. Ana rarraba LED zuwa waɗannan yankuna na launi da aka ƙayyade. Ƙimar aunawa don ma'auni masu launi shine ±0.01.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwan Aiki

Yayin da aka ambaci takamaiman bayanan hoto a cikin PDF, lanƙwan na al'ada don irin wannan na'urar zai nuna mahimman alaƙa. Lanƙwan Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (I-V) yana nuna alaƙar ƙima, mai mahimmanci don ƙirar kewayon iyakance halin yanzu. Lanƙwan Ƙarfin Hasken Dangin da Halin Yanzu na Gaba yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, yawanci a cikin yanayin kusa da layi kafin inganci ya faɗi a manyan halin yanzu. Lanƙwan Ƙarfin Hasken Dangin da Yanayin Yanayi zai nuna raguwar da ake tsammani a cikin fitar da haske yayin da zafin haɗin ya tashi, wanda shine mahimmin la'akari don sarrafa zafi a cikin aikace-aikacen wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi ko zafi mai girma.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

5.1 Girman Bayyani

LED ta dace da daidaitaccen diamita na T-1 3/4 (kusan 5mm). Muhimman bayanan girma sun haɗa da: duk girma suna cikin millimeters, tare da juzu'in gabaɗaya na ±0.25mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba; matsakaicin tsinkayar guduro a ƙarƙashin flange shine 1.0mm; kuma ana auna tazarar jagora inda jagororin suka fito daga jikin marufin. Cikakken zanen girma zai ƙayyade daidai diamita na jiki, siffar ruwan tabarau, tsawon jagora, da diamita na jagora.

5.2 Gano Polarity

Don LED masu shiga rami, yawanci ana nuna polarity ta tsawon jagora (jagoran mafi tsayi shine anode) da/ko ta wurin fili ko tsaga a kan flange na ruwan tabarau kusa da jagoran cathode. Zanen bayyani na takardar bayanin ya kamata ya nuna a sarari anode da cathode.

6. Jagororin Gishiri da Taro

Kula da kyau yana da mahimmanci don aminci.

6.1 Siffantar Jagora

Idan jagororin suna buƙatar lanƙwasa, dole ne a yi haka kafin yin gishiri kuma a yanayin zafin ɗaki na al'ada. Lanƙwasa ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 3mm nesa da tushen ruwan tabarau na LED. Ba za a yi amfani da tushen tsarin jagora azaman fulcrum yayin lanƙwasa ba don guje wa damuwa akan haɗin gwiwar ciki.

6.2 Tsarin Gishiri

Dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta na 2mm tsakanin tushen ruwan tabarau da wurin gishiri. Dole ne a guji tsoma ruwan tabarau cikin gishiri. An ƙayyade hanyoyin gishiri guda biyu:

• Ƙarfe na Gishiri:Matsakaicin zafin jiki 350°C, matsakaicin lokaci dakika 3 kowace jagora (sau ɗaya kawai).
• Gishiri na Wave:Yi pre-heat zuwa matsakaicin 100°C har zuwa dakika 60. Wave na gishiri a matsakaicin 260°C har zuwa dakika 5. Matsayin tsoma bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 2mm daga tushen ruwan tabarau na epoxy ba.

Muhimmin Bayanin Kula:An bayyana a sarari cewa gishiri na sake karkatarwa na Infrared (IR) bai dace da wannan samfurin LED mai shiga rami ba. Yawan zafi ko lokaci na iya lalata ruwan tabarau ko haifar da gazawa mai tsanani.

6.3 Ajiya da Tsaftacewa

Don ajiya, yanayin bai kamata ya wuce 30°C ko 70% danshin yanayi ba. LED da aka cire daga marufinsu na asali ya kamata a yi amfani da su cikin watanni uku. Don ajiyar dogon lokaci a waje da fakitin asali, ya kamata a ajiye su a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da desiccant ko a cikin yanayin nitrogen. Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da kaushi na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

Daidaitaccen ƙayyadaddun marufi kamar haka ne: 500, 200, ko 100 guda a kowace jakar marufi mai hana tashin hankali. Ana sanya goma daga cikin waɗannan jakunkuna a cikin akwatin ciki, jimlar 5,000 guda. Sannan ana shirya akwatuna takwas na ciki a cikin akwatin jigilar waje, wanda ya haifar da jimlar 40,000 guda a kowace akwatin waje. Takardar bayanin ta lura cewa a kowane yawan jigilar kaya, kawai marufi na ƙarshe na iya ƙunsar adadin da bai cika ba. Ana yiwa alamar lambar kwandon ƙarfin haske a kowane jakar marufi don ganewa.

8. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

8.1 Da'irar Aikace-aikacen Al'ada

LED na'ura ce mai sarrafa halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske lokacin da aka haɗa LED da yawa a layi daya, ana ƙarfafa ba da shawarar yin amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere tare da kowane LED (Da'irar A). Haɗa LED kai tsaye a layi daya ba tare da resistors ɗaya ɗaya ba (Da'irar B) ba a ba da shawara saboda ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin halayen ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) na kowane LED zai haifar da bambance-bambance masu yawa a cikin halin yanzu da ke gudana ta kowanne, wanda zai haifar da rashin daidaiton haske.

8.2 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

LED na iya lalacewa ta hanyar zubar da wutar lantarki ko haɓakar wutar lantarki. Dole ne a kiyaye ayyukan rigakafin ESD na yau da kullun yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa. Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da tashoshin aiki masu tushe, igiyoyin wuyan hannu, da kwantena masu ɗaukar wutar lantarki.

8.3 La'akari da Ƙira

Lokacin ƙirar shimfidar PCB, yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙwanƙwasa yayin shigarwa don guje wa damuwa na injiniya. Yi la'akari da yanayin zafi, saboda fitar da haske zai ragu tare da hawan yanayi / zafin haɗin gwiwa (duba lanƙwan rage ƙima). Don aikace-aikacen waje, tabbatar da an kare da'irar tuƙi daga ƙarfin lantarki na wucin gadi. Tsarin epoxy na na'urar yana ba da kariya daga danshi da kariyar UV, amma ƙirar tsarin gabaɗaya ya kamata kuma ta yi la'akari da rufewar muhalli idan ya cancanta.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance

Idan aka kwatanta da LED na gabaɗaya masu shiga rami, wannan samfurin yana jaddada siffofi don yanayi masu buƙatu. Amfani da fasahar epoxy mai ci gaba don haɓaka juriyar danshi da kariyar UV shine babban abin banbance don dogon lokacin amincin waje. Ƙayyadaddun faɗin kewayon zafin aiki (-40°C zuwa +85°C) ya wuce na yawancin LED na cikin gida na yau da kullun. Ruwan tabarau mai tsabta da takamaiman tsarin radiation an keɓance su don aikace-aikacen alamar da ke buƙatar ƙwanƙwasa mai santsi, mai faɗi wanda ya dace da karantawar saƙo.

10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)

Q: Wane ƙimar resistor ya kamata in yi amfani da shi don wadata 12V?

A: Ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply - Vf_LED) / If. Don Vf na al'ada na 3.0V a 20mA: R = (12V - 3.0V) / 0.020A = 450 Ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor na 470 Ohm zai dace, yana haifar da ƙaramin halin yanzu (~19mA). Koyaushe lissafta ƙimar wutar lantarki don resistor kuma: P = I^2 * R.

Q: Shin zan iya tuƙi wannan LED tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin?

A: Ba a ba da shawara. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED yana da kewayon (2.6V-3.3V). Ƙarfin lantarki na dindindin da aka saita a cikin wannan kewayon zai iya haifar da yawan halin yanzu a wasu LED (waɗanda ke da ƙananan Vf) da rashin isasshen halin yanzu a wasu (waɗanda ke da babban Vf). Koyaushe yi amfani da tsarin iyakance halin yanzu, mafi sauƙi shine resistor na jere tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki, ko kuma direba na dindindin na musamman.

Q: Me yasa kusurwar kallo ke da mahimmanci ga alama ta?

A: Kusurwar kallo (25° al'ada) tana ayyana mazugi na haske wanda LED ke bayyana a cikinsa mai haske. Kusurwa mafi kunkuntar tana haifar da ƙwanƙwasa mai da hankali, wanda zai iya zama mai kyau don kallon nesa amma zai iya haifar da wurare masu zafi akan alama. Tsarin mafi faɗi, mafi santsi gabaɗaya yana da kyau don haskaka daidai allon saƙo da ake kallo daga kusurwoyi daban-daban.

11: Nazarin Shari'ar Aikace-aikace na Aiki

Yanayi: Ƙirar Alamar Makoma ta Bas.Mai ƙira yana buƙatar LED masu haske, masu aminci don hasken baya na LCD ko nuni mai rarrabuwa wanda ke nuna lambobin hanya da wuraren da ake nufa. LTW2P3D12J ɗan takara ne. Mai ƙira zai:

1. Ƙayyade ƙarfin hasken da ake buƙata kowane LED bisa girman nuni, kaddarorin diffuser, da buƙatun ganuwar rana, zaɓar daidaitaccen kwandon juzu'i (misali, Kwandon 2 don mafi girman haske).

2. Ƙirar tsari na jere-layi, tabbatar da kowane LED yana da nasa resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu wanda aka haɗa zuwa tsayayyen wadata DC (misali, tsarin motar 12V/24V tare da daidaitaccen ƙa'ida da kariyar wucin gadi).

3. Ƙirar PCB tare da daidaitaccen tazarar rami kuma tabbatar da tsayin ruwan tabarau na LED ya dace da cikin rufin injiniya na alama.

4. Ƙayyade gishiri na wave yayin haɗin PCB, bin ƙa'idar tsabta na 2mm da iyakokin zafi/lokaci don hana lalacewa.

5. Shirya don yuwuwar duhu da dare ta amfani da siginar PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) don sarrafa direban LED, rage amfani da wutar lantarki da haske.

12. Gabatarwar Ka'idar Aiki

Diode mai fitar da haske (LED) na'urar haɗin gwiwar semiconductor p-n ce. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba, electrons daga yankin n-type da ramuka daga yankin p-type ana shigar da su cikin yankin haɗin gwiwa. Lokacin da waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suka sake haɗuwa, ana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Launin hasken an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar bandgap na makamashi na kayan semiconductor. Wannan LED ta fari mai yiwuwa tana amfani da guntu na indium gallium nitride (InGaN) mai fitar da shuɗi wanda aka haɗa da shafi na phosphor. Hasken shuɗi daga guntun yana tada phosphor, wanda sai ya fitar da hasken rawaya. Haɗin hasken shuɗi da rawaya idon ɗan adam yana ganinsa azaman hasken fari. Ruwan tabarau na epoxy mai tsabta yana aiki don kare guntun semiconductor da igiyoyin haɗin gwiwa, kuma yana siffanta tsarin radiation na hasken da aka fitar.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Kasuwar LED ta shiga rami, duk da cewa ta balaga, tana ci gaba da ganin haɓaka ƙari. Trends sun haɗa da:

Ƙara Ingantaccen Aiki:Ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin epitaxy na semiconductor da fasahar phosphor yana haifar da mafi girman lumens kowace watt (lm/W), yana ba da damar ko dai nuni mai haske ko ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki.

Ƙara Aminci:Haɓaka a cikin kayan epoxy da silicone encapsulant suna ba da mafi kyawun juriya ga zagayowar zafi, danshi, da radiation na UV, yana tsawaita rayuwar aiki a cikin saitunan waje.

Daidaiton Launi:Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙayyadaddun kwandon da ingantattun sarrafawa na masana'antu suna haifar da mafi kyawun daidaiton launi a cikin manyan tsararrun LED, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ingantaccen alama.

Haɗin kai:Duk da yake wannan wani ɓangare ne mai hankali, akwai wani yanayi mai kama da juna zuwa ga haɗaɗɗun ƙungiyoyin LED ko injunan haske waɗanda ke haɗa LED da yawa, direbobi, da na'urori gani zuwa raka'a ɗaya don sauƙin haɗawa. Duk da haka, LED masu shiga rami masu hankali sun kasance sananne saboda sassaucin ƙira, ƙarancin farashi, da sauƙin gyara.