Takardun Bayani na LED Mai Haske Mai Zinariya LTL2V3YUJS - Fitilar da ake Saka ta cikin Rami - Diamita 5mm - 2.1V na Yau da Kullun - 20mA - Takardun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfurin

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun fitilar LED mai ƙarfi mai haske mai zinariya da ake saka ta cikin rami. An ƙera na'urar don aikace-aikacen nuna alama da haskakawa na gabaɗaya inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen aiki da bayyananniyar ganuwa. Babban fa'idodinta sun haɗa da fitar da ƙarfin haske mai ƙarfi, ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, da tsarin haske mai daidaito, wanda ya sa ya dace da kayan lantarki iri-iri.

1.1 Siffofi na Cibiyar da Kasuwar da Ake Nufa

LED tana da siffar ginin da bai ƙunshi gubar ba, kuma ya bi ka'idodin RoHS. Tana ba da ingantaccen ƙarfin haske, wanda ke nufin fitar da haske mai ƙarfi tare da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki. Matsakaicin kusurwar kallo na digiri 36 yana ba da rarraba haske mai daidaito da faɗi. Wannan na'urar ta dace da I.C., ma'ana ana iya tafiyar da ita kai tsaye ta hanyar yawancin da'irori na dabaru ba tare da buƙatar matakan tuki masu rikitarwa ba. Manyan kasuwannin da ake nufa sun haɗa da na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, kwamfutocin sarrafa masana'antu, hasken ciki na motoci, da alamomin kayan aiki iri-iri inda ake fifita saka ta cikin rami don ƙarfi ko ƙirƙira samfuri.

2. Bincike na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Sasannin masu zuwa suna ba da cikakken fassara, mai ma'ana, game da mahimman ma'auni na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi da aka ƙayyade don na'urar.

2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ma'auni

Waɗannan ma'auni suna bayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Ba a nufin su don aiki na yau da kullun ba.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki:Matsakaicin 120 mW. Wannan shine jimillar wutar lantarki (Vf * If) da fakiti zai iya ɗauka lafiya.
• Halin yanzu na Gaba:Matsakaicin 50 mA na ci gaba, kololuwar 150 mA (a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini: 1/10 aikin aiki, faɗin bugun jini 1ms). Wuce gona da iri na halin yanzu na ci gaba zai yi zafi sosai ga haɗin semiconductor.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya:Matsakaicin 5 V. LEDs suna da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na baya; yin amfani da mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki na baya zai iya haifar da gazawa nan da nan.
• Yanayin Zafin Jiki:Aiki: -40°C zuwa +100°C; Ajiya: -55°C zuwa +100°C. Na'urar ta dace da yanayi masu tsanani.
• Ragewa:Dole ne a rage halin yanzu na gaba na ci gaba da layi ta 0.67 mA ga kowane digiri Celsius sama da yanayin zafin yanayi (Ta) na 60°C.

2.2 Halayen Lantarki & Na Gani

Waɗannan su ne ma'auni na aiki na yau da kullun da aka tabbatar da su an auna su a yanayin zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C.

• Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv):2500-4200 mcd (millicandela) na yau da kullun a halin yanzu na gaba (If) na 20 mA. Ainihin lambar kwandon (T, U, V, W) akan jakar tattarawa tana nuna mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin haske da mafi girman iyaka don takamaiman rukuni, tare da ƙimar kuskure na ±15% akan iyakokin kwandon.
• Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2):Digiri 32-36. Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ke raguwa zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwar axial.
• Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon:Tushen hasken shine AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide). Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λP) yawanci 590 nm ne. Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λd), wanda ke bayyana launin da ake gani, ana rarraba shi tsakanin 584.5 nm da 592 nm (kwandon A, B, C). Matsakaicin rabin faɗin bakan (Δλ) yawanci 17 nm ne, yana nuna launin rawaya mai tsafta.
• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Vf):1.8-2.5 V a If=20mA, tare da ƙimar yau da kullun na 2.1V. Wannan ma'auni kuma ana rarraba shi (lambobi 1 zuwa 7) don taimakawa wajen ƙirar da'ira don daidaiton haske a cikin layukan layi.
• Halin yanzu na Baya (Ir):Matsakaicin 10 μA a ƙarfin lantarki na baya (Vr) na 5V.
• Ƙarfin Ƙarfin Ƙarfin (C):Yawanci 40 pF an auna shi a sifili bias da 1 MHz. Wannan yana da alaƙa da aikace-aikacen sauyawa cikin sauri.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Ana rarraba samfurin zuwa kwandon bisa mahimman ma'auni na aiki don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa da kuma don takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken

Lambobin kwandon T, U, V, W suna rarraba LEDs bisa mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin haske a 20mA. Misali, kwandon 'U' yana tabbatar da ƙarfin tsakanin 3200 da 4200 mcd (tare da ƙimar kuskure na ±15% akan waɗannan iyakokin). Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar matakin haske don aikace-aikacensu.

3.2 Rarrabawar Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon

Lambobin kwandon A, B, C suna rarraba LEDs ta tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon (launi). Kwandon 'A' ya ƙunshi 584.5-587 nm (rawaya mai kore), 'B' ya ƙunshi 587-589.5 nm, kuma 'C' ya ƙunshi 589.5-592 nm (rawaya mai lemu). Ƙimar kuskure ga kowane iyaka na kwandon shine ±1 nm.

3.3 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Lambobin kwandon 1 zuwa 7 suna rarraba LEDs ta hanyar raguwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a 20mA, cikin matakai na 0.1V daga 1.8V zuwa 2.5V. Yin amfani da LEDs daga kwandon Vf ɗaya a cikin da'ira mai layi yana taimakawa hana cin abinci na halin yanzu, inda LEDs masu ƙarancin Vf suka jawo ƙarin halin yanzu kuma su bayyana haske ko kuma su gaza da wuri.

4. Bayanin Injiniya & Fakiti

4.1 Girman Fakiti da Halin Ƙarfin Lantarki

Na'urar daidaitaccen fakiti ne na LED mai zagaye 5mm (T-1 3/4) da ake saka ta cikin rami tare da ruwan tabarau mai tsabta. Ana gano igiyar cathode a matsayin mafi guntu ko kuma igiyar da ke kusa da wuri mai lebur a gefen tabarau. Igwa suna fitowa daga fakiti tare da takamaiman tazara, kuma duk ƙimar girman girman suna ±0.25mm sai dai idan an lura da su. Dole ne a yi siffar jagora aƙalla 3mm daga gindin tabarau don guje wa lalata igiyoyin ciki.

4.2 Ƙayyadaddun Fakiti

Ana tattara LEDs a cikin jakunkunan hana tashin hankali. Matsakaicin adadin tattarawa shine 1000, 500, ko 250 guda a kowace jaka. Ana sanya jakunkuna takwas a cikin akwatin ciki (jimlar 8000), kuma ana tattara akwatunan ciki takwas zuwa cikin akwatin jigilar kaya na waje (jimlar 64,000). Don rukunin jigilar kaya, ƙarshen fakiti kawai zai iya ƙunsar adadin da bai cika ba.

5. Jagororin Haɗawa, Solder & Sarrafawa

5.1 Ajiya da Tsaftacewa

Don ajiyar dogon lokaci a waje da ainihin fakiti, ya kamata a ajiye LEDs a cikin yanayi wanda bai wuce 30°C da 70% zafi ba. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da su cikin watanni uku ko ajiye su a cikin akwati mai rufi tare da abin bushewa. Tsaftacewa, idan ya cancanta, ya kamata a yi shi da abubuwan narkewa na barasa kamar isopropyl alcohol.

5.2 Tsarin Solder

Muhimmi:Wannan na'urar ce da ake saka ta cikin rami kuma BA ta dace da hanyoyin sake narkewar Infrared (IR) ba. Koyaushe a yi amfani da solder na igiyar ruwa ko solder na hannu kawai.

• Solder na Hannu:Zafin ƙarfe bai kamata ya wuce 300°C ba, kuma lokacin solder kowane jagora ya kamata ya zama makasudi 3 seconds. Dole ne a kiyaye mafi ƙarancin tsabta na 2mm tsakanin wurin solder da gindin tabarau na LED.
• Solder na Igwa:Zafin jiki kafin dumama bai kamata ya wuce 100°C ba har zuwa dakika 60. Zafin igiyar solder ya kamata ya zama matsakaicin 260°C, tare da igiyoyin da aka fallasa ba su wuce dakika 5 ba.

Yawan zafi ko lokaci zai iya narkar da tabarau ko haifar da gazawar LED mai ban tsoro.

5.3 Kariya daga Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD)

Ko da yake ba su da hankali kamar wasu ICs, LEDs na iya lalacewa ta hanyar zubar da wutar lantarki. Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar sun haɗa da amfani da igiyoyin wuyan hannu da tashoshi na aiki, safar hannu masu hana tashin hankali, da ionizers don kawar da cajin tsaye a saman LED yayin sarrafawa.

6. Shawarwarin Ƙirar Aikace-aikace

6.1 Ƙirar Da'irar Tuki

LEDs na'urori ne masu aiki da halin yanzu. Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske da tsawon rai, dole ne a tuka su da tsarin iyakance halin yanzu. Hanya mafi sauƙi kuma mafi shawara ita ce amfani da resistor na jerin ga kowane LED, kamar yadda aka nuna a Model A na Da'ira a cikin takardar tushe. Wannan yana rama bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (Vf) tsakanin LEDs ɗaya. Haɗa LEDs da yawa kai tsaye a layi (Model B na Da'ira) ba tare da resistors ɗaya ba ba a ba da shawarar ba, saboda bambance-bambance a cikin Vf zai haifar da rarraba halin yanzu da haske mara daidaituwa.

Ƙimar resistor na jerin (R) ana iya ƙididdige ta ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (Vsupply - Vf_LED) / If, inda Vf_LED shine ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED a halin yanzu da ake so (If). Koyaushe a yi amfani da mafi girman Vf daga takardar bayani don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya wanda ke tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai wuce iyaka ba ko da tare da LED mai ƙarancin Vf.

6.2 La'akari da Gudanar da Zafin Jiki

Yayin da fakitin da ake saka ta cikin rami ke watsar zafi ta hanyar jagoransa, dole ne a kula da rushewar wutar lantarki da lanƙwan ragewa. Yin aiki a yanayin zafi mai girma (sama da 60°C) yana buƙatar rage matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na ci gaba kamar yadda aka ƙayyade. Tabbatar da isasshen tazara akan PCB da guje wa rufe LED a cikin sarari mara iska zai taimaka kiyaye zafin haɗin cikin iyakoki masu aminci.

6.3 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

• Alamomin Matsayi:Alamomin kunna wuta, jiran aiki, ko kuskure a cikin na'urorin masu amfani, kayan aikin sadarwa, da sarrafa masana'antu.
• Hasken Panel:Hasken baya don canza, bugu, ko almara akan allunan kayan aiki.
• Hasken Ciki na Mota:Fitilun taswira, hasken baya na alamar dashboard (bisa ga takamaiman cancantar matakin mota).
• Alamomi & Nunin:A matsayin pixels ɗaya ko sassa a cikin nunin bayanai masu ƙarancin ƙuduri.

7. Lanƙwasa Aiki da Halaye

Takardun bayani yana nuni zuwa lanƙwasa aiki na yau da kullun waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba daidai ba. Yayin da ba a sake yin takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutu ba, ana nazarin abubuwan da suka haifar a ƙasa.

7.1 Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Halin yanzu na Gaba (Lanƙwan I-V)

Fitar haske (ƙarfin haske) yana kusan daidai da halin yanzu na gaba a kan wani iyaka. Duk da haka, inganci na iya raguwa a halin yanzu mai girma saboda ƙarin zafi. Lanƙwan yana taimaka wa masu ƙira su zaɓi wurin aiki wanda ke daidaita haske tare da inganci da tsawon rai na na'urar.

7.2 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Zazzabi

Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED yana da ƙimar zafin jiki mara kyau; yana raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin ke ƙaruwa. Wannan muhimmin abu ne don tuƙi mai ƙarfin lantarki na yau da kullun, saboda LED mai zafi zai jawo ƙarin halin yanzu, yana iya haifar da guduwar zafi idan ba a iyakance halin yanzu da kyau ba.

7.3 Rarraba Bakan

Lanƙwan fitarwa na bakan yana nuna ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a kowane tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon. Yana tabbatar da tsayin tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon da rabin faɗin bakan, yana bayyana tsaftar launi. Matsalar wannan lanƙwan tare da zafin jiki ko halin yanzu na tuki gabaɗaya ƙanƙanta ne don LEDs na AlInGaP idan aka kwatanta da wasu nau'ikan.

8. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

8.1 Shin zan iya tuka wannan LED kai tsaye daga fitarwar dabaru na 5V ko filin microcontroller?

A'a, ba kai tsaye ba. Filin microcontroller na yau da kullun zai iya fitarwa ko nutsewa 20-40mA kawai, wanda yake cikin iyakar LED, amma ƙarfin lantarki na fitarwa shine 5V (ko 3.3V). Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na LED kusan 2.1V ne. Haɗa shi kai tsaye zai yi ƙoƙarin wucewa da babban halin yanzu mara sarrafawa, yana lalata LED da kuma watakila filin microcontroller. Dole ne koyaushe kuna amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu na jerin.

8.2 Me yasa akwai ƙimar kuskure na ±15% akan iyakokin kwandon ƙarfin haske?

Wannan ƙimar kuskure tana lissafin bambance-bambancen tsarin aunawa da ƙananan sauye-sauyen samarwa. Yana nufin LED daga kwandon U (3200-4200 mcd) zai iya aunawa da ƙasa kamar ~2720 mcd (3200 * 0.85) ko kuma ya kai ~4830 mcd (4200 * 1.15) lokacin da aka auna shi akan wani tsari mai daidaitawa. Masu ƙira ya kamata su yi la'akari da wannan kewayon a cikin buƙatunsu na gani.

8.3 Menene bambanci tsakanin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon da Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon?

Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λP)shine tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon da lanƙwan rarraba ikon bakan ya kai matsakaicin ƙarfinsa.Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λD)ƙimar ƙididdigewa ce da aka samo daga zanen launi na CIE; yana wakiltar tsawon tsawon tsawon tsawon guda ɗaya na haske mai launi guda ɗaya wanda zai bayyana yana da launi ɗaya da LED ga mai kallo na ɗan adam na yau da kullun. λD ya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi a aikace-aikace.

9. Bayyani Game da Fasaha da Trends

9.1 Ka'idar Fasahar AlInGaP

Wannan LED tana amfani da kayan semiconductor na Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) don yankinta mai aiki. Ta hanyar sarrafa daidaiton waɗannan abubuwan daidai yayin girma crystal, ana iya ƙera bandgap na kayan don fitar da haske a cikin rawaya, lemu, da jajayen sassan bakan gani. AlInGaP sananne ne don babban ingancin ƙididdigewa na ciki da kyakkyawan aiki a manyan yanayin zafi idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar Gallium Phosphide (GaP).

9.2 Mahallin Masana'antu da Juyin Halitta

LEDs masu saka ta cikin rami irin na wannan suna wakiltar fasahar fakiti mai girma kuma mai inganci sosai. Yayin da na'urorin LED na fakiti na saman (SMD) suka mamaye sabbin ƙira don ƙarancin girmansu da dacewa don haɗawa ta atomatik, LEDs masu saka ta cikin rami suna da mahimmanci har yanzu don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfin injiniya mafi girma, sauƙin ƙirƙira na hannu, gyara, ko yanayin da watsar da zafi ta hanyar jagora yana da amfani. Ci gaba da ci gaba yana mai da hankali kan ƙara ingancin haske (ƙarin haske a kowace watt) da inganta daidaiton launi a cikin kwandon samarwa, ko da ga waɗannan nau'ikan fakiti da aka kafa.