Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi
- 2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha
- 2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Gani
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa
- 3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken Gani
- 3.2 Rarrabuwar Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon
- 3.3 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
- 4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 4.1 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
- 4.2 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
- 4.3 Lanƙwasa Rage Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
- 4.4 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Zafin Yanayi
- 4.5 Rarraba Hasken Gani
- 4.6 Tsarin Radiation
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin
- 5.1 Girman Kunshin
- 5.2 Bayanin Alama
- 5.3 Girman Reel da Kaset
- 5.4 Kunshin Mai Tsayayya da Danshi
- 6. Jagororin Siyarwa da Haɗawa
- 7. Aminci da Cancanta
- 8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
- 8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
- 8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)
- 11. Misalin Aikace-aikace na Aiki
- 12. Ka'idar Aiki
- 13. Trends na Fasaha
1. Bayanin Samfur
Jerin 67-21 yana wakiltar dangin LED masu hawa a saman, masu kallon sama, waɗanda aka sanya su a cikin ƙaramin kunshin P-LCC-2. Wannan na'urar tana da siffar jikin fari da taga mai tsafta, wanda ke taimakawa wajen aiki mai inganci na nuna alama. Babban fasalin ƙira shi ne faɗin kusurwar kallo, wanda aka samu ta hanyar siffar kunshin da kuma na'urar tara haske a ciki. Wannan ƙirar tana inganta haɗin haske, yana sa LED ta dace musamman don aikace-aikacen da ke amfani da bututun haske don jagorantar haske. Na'urar tana aiki da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki, yana ƙara sha'awarta don aikace-aikacen masu ƙarancin wutar lantarki kamar na'urorin lantarki masu ɗauka. Tana bin ka'idojin kera marasa gubar (Pb-free) kuma tana bin ƙa'idodin RoHS.
1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi
Babban fa'idodin wannan jerin LED sun haɗa da ƙaramin siffarsa, kyakkyawar kusurwar kallo, da dacewa da hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 yana tabbatar da ganuwa daga sassa daban-daban. Na'urar tana dacewa da daidaitattun hanyoyin sake narkewa ta tururi, sake narkewar infrared, da hanyoyin siyar da igiyar ruwa, yana sauƙaƙe samarwa mai yawa. Ana ba da shi akan kaset na mm 8 da reel, yana daidaitawa da buƙatun kayan aikin ɗauka da sanyawa. Ƙarancin buƙatun ƙarfin lantarki yana sa ya zama manufa don na'urorin da ake amfani da baturi inda kiyaye wutar lantarki ke da muhimmanci. Kasuwannin da ake nufi sun haɗa da kayan aikin sadarwa (misali wayoyi, na'urorin faks), na'urorin lantarki na masu amfani, allunan sarrafa masana'antu, da aikace-aikacen nuna alama na gabaɗaya inda ake buƙatar ingantaccen nuna matsayi mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki.
2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha
Ana ayyana aikin LED a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayin zafin yanayi (Ta=25°C). Fahimtar waɗannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙira da'ira da tabbatar da amincin dogon lokaci.
2.1 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙididdiga
Waɗannan ƙididdiga suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki a waje da waɗannan iyakokin ba.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (VR):5 V. Wuce gona da iri wannan ƙarfin lantarki a cikin karkatar da baya na iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
- Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (IF):25 mA.
- Kololuwar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (IFP):60 mA, wanda aka halatta a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (ayyukan aiki 1/10, mitar 1 kHz).
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):60 mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin ƙarfin asarar da aka halatta a matsayin zafi.
- Zubar da Lantarki Mai Tsauri (ESD) HBM:2000 V. Wannan ƙimar tana nuna hankalin na'urar ga lantarki mai tsauri; dole ne a bi daidaitattun hanyoyin sarrafa ESD.
- Zafin Aiki (Topr):-40°C zuwa +85°C.
- Zafin Ajiya (Tstg):-40°C zuwa +90°C.
- Zafin Solder:Don sake siyar da solder, an ƙayyade matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C har zuwa dakika 10. Don siyar da hannu, zafin ƙarshen gwangwani bai kamata ya wuce 350°C ba na dakika 3.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Gani
Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a daidaitaccen gwajin gwaji na IF= 20 mA.
- Ƙarfin Hasken Gani (Iv):Ya kewayo daga 57 mcd (mafi ƙanƙanta) zuwa 140 mcd (matsakaici), tare da ƙimar da aka nuna ta tsarin rarrabuwa. Rangwame shine ±11%.
- Kusurwar Kallo (2θ1/2):Digiri 120 (na al'ada). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar kololuwa.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Tsawon (λp):632 nm (na al'ada). Wannan shine tsayin tsayin da fitowar haske ta fi ƙarfi.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λd):Tsakanin 617.5 nm da 633.5 nm, yana ayyana launin da ake gani (ja mai haske). Rangwame shine ±1 nm.
- Faɗin Bandwidth na Hasken Gani (Δλ):20 nm (na al'ada). Wannan yana nuna tsaftar hasken da aka fitar.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Tsakanin 1.75 V da 2.35 V a 20 mA, tare da rangwame na ±0.1 V. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don tantance ƙimar resistor mai iyakancewa da ake buƙata.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Baya (IR):Matsakaicin 10 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da karkatar da baya na 5 V.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa
Don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki bisa mahimman ma'auni.
3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Hasken Gani
Ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki huɗu (P2, Q1, Q2, R1) bisa ga ƙarfin hasken da aka auna a 20 mA. Misali, kwandon R1 yana ɗauke da LED masu ƙarfi tsakanin 112 mcd da 140 mcd.
3.2 Rarrabuwar Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon
Launi (matsakaicin tsayin tsayi) an rarraba shi zuwa ƙungiyoyi huɗu (E4, E5, E6, E7), kowanne yana da tsawon 4 nm. Misali, ƙungiyar A, kwandon E7, ta ƙunshi tsayin tsayi daga 629.5 nm zuwa 633.5 nm.
3.3 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba an rarraba shi zuwa ƙungiyoyi uku (0, 1, 2) a cikin Ƙungiyar B. Kwandon 0 ya ƙunshi 1.75V zuwa 1.95V, Kwandon 1 ya ƙunshi 1.95V zuwa 2.15V, kuma Kwandon 2 ya ƙunshi 2.15V zuwa 2.35V. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar LED tare da ƙananan rangwamen ƙarfin lantarki don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar rarraba ƙarfin lantarki daidai a cikin layukan layi.
4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
Takardar bayanai tana ba da lanƙwasa halaye da yawa waɗanda ke nuna halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.
4.1 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
Wannan lanƙwasa tana nuna cewa fitar da haske yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba amma ba a layi daya ba. Yana nuna mahimmancin tuka LED a ko kusa da ƙimar ƙarfinsa don ingantaccen inganci. Tuki sama da ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki yana haifar da raguwar dawowa a cikin haske da zafi mai yawa.
4.2 Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
Lanƙwasa IV tana nuna alaƙar diode mai ma'ana. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin lantarki. Lanƙwasa tana da mahimmanci don binciken sarrafa zafi, kamar yadda ƙarfin da aka ɓata (VF* IF) yana haifar da zafi.
4.3 Lanƙwasa Rage Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
Wannan jadawali yana ba da izinin matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na ci gaba a matsayin aikin zafin yanayi. Yayin da zafin yanayi ya tashi, dole ne a rage matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki da aka halatta don hana wuce iyakar zafin jiki da ƙimar ɓarnawar wutar lantarki na 60 mW. Misali, a 85°C, matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na ci gaba yana da ƙasa sosai fiye da ƙimar 25 mA a 25°C.
4.4 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken Gani vs. Zafin Yanayi
Fitar hasken LED yana dogara da zafin jiki. Wannan lanƙwasa yawanci tana nuna raguwar ƙarfin haske yayin da zafin yanayi (don haka haɗin gwiwa) ya ƙaru. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan sifa a cikin ƙira waɗanda ke aiki a kan faɗin kewayon zafin jiki.
4.5 Rarraba Hasken Gani
Jadawalin hasken gani yana tabbatar da yanayin monochromatic na guntu AlGaInP, yana nuna babban kololuwa a yankin ja (~632 nm) tare da ƙayyadadden bandwidth.
4.6 Tsarin Radiation
Zanen polar yana wakiltar kusurwar kallo na digiri 120 a zahiri, yana nuna rarraba sararin samaniya na ƙarfin haske. Tsarin yawanci shine Lambertian ko kusa da Lambertian don wannan nau'in kunshin.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshin
5.1 Girman Kunshin
Kunshin P-LCC-2 yana da ƙaramin ƙafa. Manyan girma sun haɗa da girman jiki kusan 2.0 mm tsawon, 1.25 mm faɗi, da tsayi na 1.1 mm. Ana gano cathode ta hanyar tsaga ko alamar kore akan kunshin. Cikakkun zane-zane suna ƙayyade shawarwarin shimfidar kafet don ƙira PCB don tabbatar da ingantaccen siyarwa da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya. Duk rangwamen da ba a bayyana ba shine ±0.1 mm.
5.2 Bayanin Alama
Alamar na'urar tana ɗauke da lambobi don halayenta da aka rarraba: CAT yana nuna Matsayin Ƙarfin Hasken Gani, HUE yana nuna Matsayin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon, kuma REF yana nuna Matsayin Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba. Wannan yana ba da damar bin sawu da zaɓi daidai.
5.3 Girman Reel da Kaset
Ana ba da LED akan kaset ɗaukar kaya na mm 8 wanda aka nannade akan daidaitattun reels na mm 180. An ƙayyade girman kaset ɗaukar kaya (girman aljihu, fil) don dacewa da kayan aikin haɗawa ta atomatik. Kowace reel tana ɗauke da guda 2000.
5.4 Kunshin Mai Tsayayya da Danshi
Don tsawaita ajiya da kuma hana matsalolin na'urori masu hankali ga danshi, ana sanya reels a cikin jakunkunan kariya na aluminum tare da busassun abu da katunan nuna alamar danshi.
6. Jagororin Siyarwa da Haɗawa
An ƙididdige na'urar don daidaitattun hanyoyin siyar da SMD.
- Siyar da Sakewa:Ana ba da shawarar matsakaicin yanayin zafin jiki na 260°C ±5°C na tsawon lokacin da bai wuce dakika 10 ba.
- Siyar da Hannu:Idan ya cancanta, zafin ƙarshen gwangwani bai kamata ya wuce 350°C ba kuma ya kamata a yi amfani da shi na matsakaicin dakika 3 kowace gubar.
- Ajiya:Bayan an buɗe jakar kariya mai ɗaure, ya kamata a yi amfani da abubuwan a cikin takamaiman lokaci (ba a bayyana a sarari ba amma an nuna shi ta hanyar kunshin) ko a gasa bisa daidaitattun hanyoyin sarrafa MSD idan an fallasa shi ga danshin yanayi sama da iyakokin aminci.
7. Aminci da Cancanta
Samfurin yana fuskantar gwajin aminci mai tsanani tare da amincewar kashi 90% da LTPD na 10%. Gwaje-gwajen daidaitawa sun haɗa da:
- Juriya Siyar da Sakewa:Yana jure 260°C don iya siyarwa da ingancin kunshin.
- Zagayowar Zafin Jiki:Zagayowar 300 tsakanin -40°C da +100°C.
- Girgizar Zafi:Zagayowar 300 tsakanin -10°C da +100°C tare da saurin canji.
- Ajiyar Zafi Mai Zafi:Sa'o'i 1000 a 100°C.
- Ajiyar Zafi Mai Ƙarancin Zafi:Sa'o'i 1000 a -40°C.
Waɗannan gwaje-gwaje suna tabbatar da ƙarfin na'urar a cikin mawuyacin yanayin muhalli da aka saba ci karo da shi a cikin samfuran lantarki.
8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
- Masu Nuna Matsayi:Masu nuna wutar lantarki, haɗin kai, ko yanayin aiki a cikin na'urorin sadarwa, kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa, da na'urorin masu amfani.
- Hasken Baya:Hasken gefe ko kai tsaye don allunan LCD, maɓallan maɓalli, da alamomi, sau da yawa ana haɗa su da bututun haske.
- Tsarin Bututun Hasken Gani:Faɗin kusurwar kallo da ingantaccen haɗin haske sun sa ya zama tushe mai kyau don jagororin haske na filastik ko acrylic.
- Na'urorin Da Ake ɗauka/Masu Amfani da Baturi:Saboda ƙarancin amfani da ƙarfin lantarki, yana da kyau ga wayoyin hannu, kwamfutocin hannu, masu sarrafa nesa, da fasahar sanya sawa.
8.2 Abubuwan Ƙira
- Iyakance Ƙarfin Lantarki:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jerin don iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na gaba zuwa ƙimar da ake so (misali, 20 mA don haske na al'ada). Lissafa ƙimar resistor ta amfani da R = (Vsupply- VF) / IF. Yi la'akari da V mafi munin yanayiF(mafi ƙanƙanta) don guje wa wuce gona da iri na ƙarfin lantarki.
- Gudanar da Zafi:Ku bi lanƙwasa rage ƙarfin lantarki. Don aikace-aikacen zafin yanayi mai girma ko ci gaba da aiki, tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB ko ramukan zafi don watsar da zafi, musamman idan ana tuƙi kusa da matsakaicin ƙididdiga.
- Kariya ta ESD:Aiwatar da kariyar ESD akan layukan siginar da aka haɗa zuwa LED a cikin aikace-aikacen da masu amfani za su iya samun dama.
- Ƙirar Hasken Gani:Lokacin amfani da bututun haske, yi la'akari da tsarin radiation na LED da daidaitawa don haɓaka ingancin haɗin gwiwa.
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Idan aka kwatanta da sauran LED masu nuna alamar SMD, babban abin da ya bambanta jerin 67-21 shine takamaiman siffar kunshin P-LCC-2, wanda ke haifar da faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120, da kuma amfani da kayan semiconductor na AlGaInP don launin ja mai haske. AlGaInP yawanci yana ba da ingantaccen inganci na haske da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafin jiki don launuka ja da amber idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar GaAsP. Haɗin taga mai tsafta (vs. watsawa) da ƙirar mai tara haske a ciki suna ba da ƙarfin haske na axial mafi girma, wanda yana da amfani ga aikace-aikacen bututun haske inda ake buƙatar shigar da haske yadda ya kamata cikin ƙaramin buɗaɗɗen.
10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa Ma'auni na Fasaha)
Q: Wane ƙimar resistor ne ya kamata in yi amfani da shi tare da wadata na 5V?
A: Yin amfani da V mafi girmaFna 2.35V don ƙira mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a 20mA: R = (5V - 2.35V) / 0.02A = 132.5Ω. Daidaitaccen resistor na 130Ω ko 150Ω zai dace. Koyaushe tabbatar da ƙarfin lantarki tare da ainihin VFna sassanku da aka rarraba.
Q: Zan iya tuka wannan LED a 30 mA don ƙarin haske?
A: A'a. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na ci gaba shine 25 mA. Wuce gona da iri wannan ƙimar ya saba wa ƙayyadaddun bayanai, yana rage tsawon rayuwa saboda saurin raguwar lumen, kuma yana haifar da haɗarin lalacewa ta zafi. Yi amfani da kololuwar ƙarfin lantarki (60 mA bugun jini) kawai don ɗimbin lokaci.
Q: Ta yaya zafin jiki ke shafar aiki?
A: Yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru, ƙarfin haske yana raguwa (duba lanƙwasa aiki), kuma ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yawanci yana raguwa kaɗan. Mafi mahimmanci, dole ne a rage matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na ci gaba da aka halatta bisa ga lanƙwasa rage ƙarfin lantarki don guje wa yin zafi sosai.
Q: Menene bambanci tsakanin kololuwar tsayin tsayi da matsakaicin tsayin tsayi?
A> Kololuwar tsayin tsayi (λp=632nm) shine ainihin tsayin tsayin mafi girman ƙarfin haske. Matsakaicin tsayin tsayi (λd=617.5-633.5nm) shine tsayin tsayin hasken monochromatic wanda zai dace da launin da ake gani na LED. Matsakaicin tsayin tsayi ya fi dacewa don ƙayyadaddun launi.
11. Misalin Aikace-aikace na Aiki
Yanayi: Ƙira allon nuna alamar matsayi don na'urar hanyar sadarwa.
Allon yana da LED guda biyar (Wutar Lantarki, Intanet, Wi-Fi, LAN1, LAN2) a bayan facin acrylic mai duhu mai launin toka tare da bututun haske da aka ƙera. An zaɓi LED 67-21 ja mai haske don mai nuna alamar \"Wutar Lantarki\".
Matakan Ƙira:
1. Lantarki:Wadata na ciki na na'urar hanyar sadarwa shine 3.3V. Da'awar V na al'adaFna 2.0V da kuma niyya 15 mA don isasshen haske da ƙarancin wutar lantarki: R = (3.3V - 2.0V) / 0.015A ≈ 86.7Ω. An zaɓi resistor na 82Ω ko 100Ω.
2. Hasken Gani:Faɗin kusurwar kallo na LED yana tabbatar da cewa haske yana kama da inganci ta fuskar shigar bututun haske, ko da tare da ƙananan kuskuren sanyawa daga ɗauka da sanyawa.
3. Zafi:Ƙarfin aiki na 15 mA yana da ƙasa sosai da matsakaicin 25 mA, kuma ana ƙiyasin zafin yanayi a cikin akwatin na'urar hanyar sadarwa ya zama 50°C. Tuntubar lanƙwasa rage ƙarfin lantarki, ƙarfin lantarki da aka halatta a 50°C har yanzu yana sama da 20 mA, don haka ƙirar tana da aminci.
4. Rarrabuwa:Don tabbatar da daidaiton haske a duk masu nuna alama guda biyar akan allon, ana ba da shawarar ƙayyadadden kwandon ƙarfin haske (misali Q2 ko R1) da kuma daidaitaccen kwandon matsakaicin tsayin tsayi yayin saye.
12. Ka'idar Aiki
LED diode ne na semiconductor wanda ya dogara da kayan Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide (AlGaInP). Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin haɗin gwiwar diode (kusan 1.8-2.2V don AlGaInP ja), ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yankin aiki daga kayan n-type da p-type, bi da bi. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar caji suna sake haɗuwa ta hanyar radiation, suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons. Takamaiman makamashin bandgap na gami da AlGaInP yana ƙayyade tsayin tsayi (launi) na hasken da aka fitar, wanda a wannan yanayin yana cikin hasken ja mai haske. Kunshin yana rufe guntun, yana ba da kariya ta injiniya, yana ɗauke da mai tara haske a ciki don siffanta fitar da haske, kuma ya haɗa da ruwan tabarau (taga mai tsafta) don sarrafa tsarin katako.
13. Trends na Fasaha
Gabaɗayan yanayin a cikin LED masu nuna alamar SMD kamar tsarin P-LCC-2 yana zuwa ga ingantaccen inganci na haske (ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace raka'a na ƙarfin shigarwar lantarki), yana ba da damar ƙananan ƙarfin aiki don irin wannan hasken da ake gani, wanda ke da mahimmanci don ƙira mai inganci. Haka nan akwai ci gaba da tuƙi don ƙananan ƙira yayin da ake kiyayewa ko inganta aikin gani. Ana inganta hanyoyin samarwa don mafi girman yawan amfanin ƙasa da ƙananan rangwamen rarrabuwa, yana ba masu ƙira daidaitaccen launi da haske a cikin batutuwan samarwa. Bugu da ƙari, ingantaccen aminci a ƙarƙashin mafi girman yanayin sake narkewa (misali don siyar da marasa gubar) da ingantaccen ƙarfin ESD shine tsammanin daidaitawa a cikin abubuwan zamani. Fasahar AlGaInP na asali don LED ja/ orange/amber ta balaga amma tana ci gaba da ganin haɓaka a hankali a cikin inganci da tsawon rayuwa.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |