Takardar Bayanan Fasaha na Jerin LED Top View 45-21 - Kunshin P-LCC-2 - Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba 1.75-2.35V - Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na 50mA - Launi Ja Mai Haske - Hausa

1. Bayyani Game da Samfur

Jerin 45-21 yana wakiltar dangin LED Top View da aka sanya a cikin ƙaramin kunshin P-LCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) mai hawa a saman. An ƙera wannan na'urar da farko a matsayin mai nuna alama ta gani, tana da taga mai tsafta mara launi da jikin kunshin fari wanda ke haɓaka haske da yadawa. Babban fa'idar ƙirarta yana cikin faɗin kusurwar kallo, wanda aka samu ta hanyar ingantaccen ƙirar mai nuna haske a cikin kunshin. Wannan siffa ta sa ya dace sosai don aikace-aikacen da ke amfani da bututun haske, inda haɗin haske mai inganci daga tushen LED zuwa jagorar haske ke da mahimmanci. Jerin yana samuwa a launuka da yawa, gami da bambancin Ja Mai Haske da aka yi cikakken bayani a cikin wannan takarda, wanda ke amfani da fasahar semiconductor AlGaInP.

Babban fa'idar aiki shine ƙarancin buƙatar halin yanzu. Tare da matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba na 20mA don aiki na yau da kullun, yana da kyau don aikace-aikacen masu hankali ga wutar lantarki kamar kayan aikin hannu da na'urorin da ake amfani da baturi. An ƙera na'urar don dacewa da ingantattun hanyoyin masana'antu na zamani, kasancewa mai dacewa da sake karkatar da tururi, sake karkatar da infrared, da gudanar da gishiri. Hakanan yana dacewa da kayan aikin ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik kuma ana ba da shi akan tef 8mm da reel don haɗawa mai inganci. An gina samfurin da kayan da ba su da gubar kuma suna bin ƙa'idodin muhalli masu dacewa.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan jerin LED ya samo asali ne daga yanayin kunshinsa da zaɓin kayan aiki. Faɗin kusurwar kallo (yawanci digiri 120) yana tabbatar da ganuwa daga faɗin wurare, wanda ke da mahimmanci don alamun yanayin akan na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, kwamitocin masana'antu, da na'urorin sadarwa. Ingantaccen ingancin haɗin haske kai tsaye yana fassara zuwa fitarwa mai haske idan aka yi amfani da bututun haske, yana rage buƙatar ƙarin halin yanzu na tuƙi kuma yana adana wutar lantarki.

Kasuwar da ake nufi tana da faɗi, ta ƙunshi sadarwa (don nuna alama da hasken baya a cikin wayoyi da na'urorin faks), na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, sarrafa masana'antu, da cikin motoci. Dogaronsa da dacewa da hanyoyin atomatik sun sa ya zama zaɓi mai tsada don samarwa mai yawa. Ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki musamman yana nufin ɓangaren na'urorin lantarki na hannu, inda tsawaita rayuwar baturi ke zama babban la'akari na ƙira.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

Wannan sashe yana ba da cikakken fassarar ma'auni na lantarki, na gani, da na zafi waɗanda ke ayyana iyakar aikin LED kuma suna jagorantar ƙirar da'ira mai kyau.

2.1 Cikakkun Ƙididdiga na Matsakaici

Cikakkun Ƙididdiga na Matsakaici suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewar dindindin na iya faruwa ga na'urar. Waɗannan ba yanayi ba ne don aiki na yau da kullun.

• Ƙarfin Wutar Juyawa (V_R):5V. Wuce wannan ƙarfin wutar lantarki a cikin juyawa na iya haifar da rushewar haɗin gwiwa.
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F):50mA DC. Halin yanzu na ci gaba bai kamata ya wuce wannan iyaka ba.
• Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_FP):100mA, ana yarda da shi kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (ayyukan aiki 1/10 a 1kHz). Wannan yana ba da damar ɗan gajeren lokaci na haske mafi girma.
• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (P_d):120mW. Wannan shine matsakaicin wutar lantarki da kunshin zai iya watsawa azaman zafi ba tare da wuce matakin zafinsa ba.
• Zubar da Wutar Lantarki (ESD):2000V (Samfurin Jikin Mutum). Dole ne a bi hanyoyin sarrafa ESD da suka dace yayin haɗawa.
• Yanayin Aiki & Ajiya:Ya bambanta daga -40°C zuwa +85°C (aiki) da -40°C zuwa +90°C (ajiye).
• Zafin Gishiri:Yana jure 260°C na dakika 10 (sake karkatarwa) ko 350°C na dakika 3 (gishiri na hannu).

2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Na Gani

Ana auna waɗannan ma'auni a zafin haɗin gwiwa (T_j) na 25°C a ƙarƙashin gwajin gwaji na yau da kullun na 20mA. Suna wakiltar aikin yau da kullun.

• Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (I_v):Ya bambanta daga 450 mcd (ƙarami) zuwa 900 mcd (matsakaici), tare da matsakaicin jurewa na ±11%. Wannan shine babban ma'auni na haske da ake gani.
• Kusurwar Kallo (2θ_1/2):Digiri 120 (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabin ƙimar matsakaicin axial.
• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_p):632 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan shine tsawon tsawon lokacin da rarraba ikon bakan ya fi girma.
• Mafi Girman Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):Ya bambanta daga 617.5 nm zuwa 633.5 nm, tare da jurewa na ±1nm. Wannan tsawon tsawon yayi daidai da launin da ake gani (Ja Mai Haske).
• Faɗin Bakan (Δλ):20 nm (na yau da kullun). Wannan yana nuna tsaftar bakan hasken ja da aka fitar.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (V_F):Ya bambanta daga 1.75V zuwa 2.35V a 20mA, tare da matsakaicin jurewa na ±0.1V. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu.
• Halin Yanzu na Juyawa (I_R):Matsakaicin 10 µA a juyawar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 5V, yana nuna ingancin haɗin gwiwa mai kyau.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabawa

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED zuwa kwandon aiki. Masu ƙira za su iya ƙayyade kwandon don tabbatar da daidaiton launi da haske a cikin aikace-aikace.

3.1 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken

An rarraba ƙarfi zuwa manyan kwandon guda uku (U1, U2, V1) dangane da ƙananan da manyan ƙimomin da aka auna a I_F=20mA. Misali, kwandon U1 ya ƙunshi 450-565 mcd, U2 ya ƙunshi 565-715 mcd, da V1 ya ƙunshi 715-900 mcd. Zaɓar kwandon mafi girma (misali, V1) yana tabbatar da fitarwa mafi haske.

3.2 Rarrabawar Mafi Girman Tsawon Tsawon

Launin Ja Mai Haske an haɗa shi a ƙarƙashin 'Rukuni A' kuma an ƙara raba shi zuwa kwandon tsawon tsawon guda huɗu: E4 (617.5-621.5 nm), E5 (621.5-625.5 nm), E6 (625.5-629.5 nm), da E7 (629.5-633.5 nm). Zaɓin kwandon mai ƙarfi (misali, ƙayyade E5 kawai) yana tabbatar da daidaiton inuwar ja a duk LED a cikin taro.

3.3 Rarrabawar Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba

An haɗa ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba a ƙarƙashin 'Rukuni B' tare da kwandon guda uku: 0 (1.75-1.95V), 1 (1.95-2.15V), da 2 (2.15-2.35V). Yayin da sau da yawa ba su da mahimmanci fiye da launi da haske don alamun, ƙayyade kwandon ƙarfin wutar lantarki na iya zama mahimmanci don ƙirar samar da wutar lantarki a cikin manyan tsararrun ko lokacin tuƙi LED a layi daya ba tare da resistor ɗaya ɗaya ba.

4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Lanƙwasan halaye da aka bayar suna ba da haske mai mahimmanci game da halayen LED a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V)

Lanƙwasa yana nuna alaƙar exponential na yau da kullun na diode. A 25°C, ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana tashi da sauri tare da halin yanzu da zarar an wuce bakin kofa. Wannan rashin daidaituwa yana jaddada wajibcin amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko direba mai ci gaba, saboda ƙaramin canji a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na iya haifar da babban canji, mai yuwuwar lalacewa a cikin halin yanzu.

4.2 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan lanƙwasa yana nuna cewa fitarwa na haske yana ƙaruwa kusan layi daya tare da halin yanzu a kan kewayon, amma a ƙarshe zai cika a manyan halayen yanzu saboda tasirin zafi da inganci. Yin aiki a shawarar 20mA yana ba da daidaiton haske da inganci.

4.3 Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken vs. Yanayin Yanayi

Ƙarfin haske yana raguwa yayin da yanayin yanayi ya ƙaru. Wannan lanƙwasa na rage ƙimar yana da mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen da ke aiki a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi la'akari da wannan raguwa don tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye isasshen haske a ƙarƙashin duk yanayin aiki.

4.4 Rarraba Bakan

Makircin bakan yana tabbatar da yanayin launi ɗaya na LED AlGaInP, tare da kololuwa guda ɗaya, kunkuntar da ke tsakiya kusan 632 nm, yana samar da launin Ja Mai Haske mai cika ba tare da fitarwa mai mahimmanci a cikin wasu rukunin tsawon tsawon ba.

4.5 Tsarin Radiation (Zanen Polar)

Zanen ya tabbatar da faɗin tsarin fitarwa mai kama da Lambertian. Ƙarfin yana kusan daidai a faɗin yankin tsakiya, yana raguwa a hankali zuwa gefuna, wanda ke da kyau don kallo mai faɗi.

5. Bayanin Injiniya & Kunshi

5.1 Tsarin Kunshi da Ma'auni

Kunshin P-LCC-2 yana da ƙaramin ƙafa. Mahimman ma'auni sun haɗa da tsayin gaba ɗaya, faɗi, da tsayi, da kuma tazarar jagora da girman. Mai nuna alamar polarity (yawanci notch ko digo akan kunshi ko kusurwa mai chamfered) yana gano cathode. Takardar bayanan tana ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa na gishiri don tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗin gishiri da daidaitawar da ta dace yayin sake karkatarwa.

5.2 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reel

Ana ba da na'urar akan tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya na 8mm, wanda aka nannade akan reels na yau da kullun. An ƙayyade ma'aunin tef (girman aljihu, tazarar) da ma'aunin reel (diamita na hub, diamita na flange) don dacewa da kayan aikin haɗawa ta atomatik. Kowane reel yana ƙunshe da guda 2000.

5.3 Hankalin Danshi da Kunshi

An kunna LED a cikin jakar aluminum mai jure danshi tare da desiccant don hana shan danshi, wanda zai iya haifar da \"popcorning\" (fashewar kunshi) yayin aikin gishiri mai zafi na sake karkatarwa. Alamar da ke kan jakar tana ƙunshe da mahimman bayanai kamar matakin hankalin danshi (wanda aka nuna ta hanyar kunshi), adadi, da lambar sashi.

6. Jagororin Gishiri & Haɗawa

6.1 Ma'auni na Gishiri na Sake Karkatarwa

An ƙididdige na'urar don matsakaicin zafin sake karkatarwa na 260°C na matsakaicin dakika 10. Wannan yayi daidai da daidaitattun bayanan sake karkatarwa marasa gubar. Dole ne a sarrafa ƙarar zafi na PCB da takamaiman bayanan (haɓakawa, jiƙa, kololuwa, sanyaya) don tsayawa cikin wannan iyaka kuma a guje wa girgizar zafi.

6.2 Ajiya da Kula da Kula

• Kafin Buɗewa:Jakarta mai hana danshi ya kamata a adana a ≤30°C da ≤70% RH. Ya kamata a yi amfani da abubuwan cikin shekara guda bayan ranar rufe jakar.
• Bayan Buɗewa:Idan ba a yi amfani da su nan da nan ba, abubuwan da aka fallasa ga danshi na yanayi na iya buƙatar gasa kafin gishiri bisa ga jagororin IPC/JEDEC na yau da kullun don cire danshin da aka sha.
• Kariya ta ESD:Dole ne a kiyaye matakan kariya na ESD na yau da kullun (tashoshin aiki masu tushe, igiyoyin wuyan hannu) yayin sarrafawa.

7. Shawarwarin Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

7.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun

Mafi yawan da'irar tuƙi shine resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu wanda aka haɗa zuwa tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki (V_CC). Ana ƙididdige ƙimar resistor kamar R = (V_CC- V_F) / I_F. Yin amfani da matsakaicin V_Fdaga takardar bayanan (2.35V) a cikin wannan lissafin yana tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu baya wuce I_Fda ake so ko da tare da bambancin sashi zuwa sashi. Misali, tare da samar da wutar lantarki 5V da manufa I_Fna 20mA: R = (5V - 2.35V) / 0.02A = 132.5Ω. Resistor na yau da kullun na 130Ω ko 150Ω zai dace.

7.2 La'akari da Ƙira don Aikace-aikacen Bututun Hasken

Lokacin haɗawa zuwa bututun haske, daidaita LED a tsakiya a ƙarƙashin saman shigarwar bututun. Faɗin kusurwar kallo na wannan LED yana taimakawa cika buɗaɗɗen shigarwar bututun. Ya kamata a rage nisan da ke tsakanin kumfa LED da bututun haske don rage asarar haske. Kunshin fari yana taimakawa nuna hasken da in ba haka ba za a rasa shi zuwa ƙasa zuwa hanyar fitarwa, yana inganta ingancin haɗin gwiwa gabaɗaya. Zane-zanen injiniya ya kamata su yi la'akari da tsayin LED da wuraren da aka ba da shawarar don kiyayewa.

7.3 Gudanar da Zafi

Duk da yake rushewar wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa, ci gaba da aiki a matsakaicin halin yanzu (50mA) a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma na iya kusanci iyakokin na'urar. Don irin waɗannan amfani, tabbatar da isasshen yanki na tagulla na PCB a kusa da kayan aikin zafi na LED (idan akwai) ko ramukan zafi na iya taimakawa wajen watsa zafi da kiyaye ƙarancin zafin haɗin gwiwa, adana fitarwa mai haske da dogon lokaci na dogaro.

8. Dogaro da Tabbatar da Inganci

Takardar bayanan ta zayyana cikakken jerin gwaje-gwajen dogaro da aka yi tare da matakin amincewa na 90% da 10% Lot Tolerance Percent Defective (LTPD). Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna kwaikwayon yanayin aiki da ajiya mai tsanani don tabbatar da dogaron filin.

• Juriya na Gishiri na Sake Karkatarwa:Yana tabbatar da cewa kunshin zai iya jure aikin gishiri.
• Kewayawar Zafi & Girgizar Zafi:Yana gwada ƙarfi akan damuwar injiniya da ke haifar da maimaita canje-canjen zafi.
• Ajiya mai Zafi/Ƙananan Zafi:Yana kimanta kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci a ƙarƙashin matsanancin yanayi marasa aiki.
• Rayuwar Aiki na DC:Gwajin rayuwa na awa 1000 a ƙayyadadden halin yanzu (20mA) da zafi (25°C).
• Rayuwar Aiki mai Zafi/Danshi (85°C/85% RH):Gwaji mai sauri don juriya da lalata a ƙarƙashin son zuciya.

Wucewa waɗannan gwaje-gwajen yana nuna samfur mai ƙarfi wanda ya dace da aikace-aikacen kasuwanci da masana'antu masu buƙatu.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (FAQ)

9.1 Me yasa resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ya zama dole?

Halin I-V na LED yana da ƙarfi. Ƙaramin ƙaruwa a cikin samar da wutar lantarki sama da raguwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana haifar da babban ƙaruwa, mai yuwuwar lalacewa a cikin halin yanzu. Resistor yana ba da raguwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai layi, wanda ke daɗaɗawa wanda ke daidaita halin yanzu, yana kare LED daga yanayin wuce gona da iri wanda ke haifar da jurewar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na yau da kullun ko na wucin gadi.

9.2 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED kai tsaye daga filin GPIO na microcontroller?

Ee, amma tare da mahimman tanadi. Dole ne a saita filin GPIO a matsayin fitarwa. Dole ne har yanzu ku haɗa da resistor na jerin. Bugu da ƙari, dole ne ku tabbatar da filin microcontroller na iya samar da (ko nutsewa, dangane da tsarin da'irar ku) abin da ake buƙata na 20mA a ci gaba, wanda ke kan ko sama da iyaka ga wasu filayen I/O na gabaɗaya. Dubi takardar bayanan microcontroller. Yin amfani da transistor a matsayin maɓalli sau da yawa yana da aminci kuma mafi sassauƙa don manyan halayen yanzu ko lokacin tuƙi LED da yawa.

9.3 Menene bambanci tsakanin Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon da Mafi Girman Tsawon Tsawon?

Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λ_p):Tsawon tsawon guda ɗaya inda fitarwar ikon bakan ya fi girma a zahiri.Mafi Girman Tsawon Tsawon (λ_d):Tsawon tsawon hasken launi ɗaya wanda idon ɗan adam zai gane yana da launi ɗaya da fitarwar LED. Don LED mai launi ɗaya kamar wannan ja, suna kusa sosai. Tsawon tsawon gabaɗaya shine mafi dacewa ma'auni don ƙayyadaddun launi da rarrabawa.

9.4 Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin kwandon akan alamar reel?

Alamar tana amfani da lambobi kamar CAT, HUE, da REF. 'CAT' yayi daidai da Kwandon Ƙarfin Hasken Hasken (misali, U1, V1). 'HUE' yayi daidai da Kwandon Mafi Girman Tsawon Tsawon (misali, E5, E6). 'REF' yayi daidai da Kwandon Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (misali, 0, 1, 2). Sanin waɗannan lambobin yana ba ku damar tabbatar da cewa kun karɓi takamaiman matakin aikin da kuka oda.