Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
- 2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
- 2.1 Halayen Hoto da na Gani
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
- 2.3 Ƙayyadaddun Zafin Jiki da Muhalli
- 4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Ayyuka
- 5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi
- 5.1 Girman Jiki da Zane
- 5.2 Pinout da Zanen Haɗin kai
- 6. Jagororin Solder da Taro
- 7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda
- 8. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
- 8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun
- 8.2 Muhimman Lissafin Ƙira
- 8.3 Abubuwan Ƙira
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
- 10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa ga Sigogi na Fasaha)
- 11. Misalin Aikace-aikace na Aiki
- 12. Ƙa'idar Aiki
- 13. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin
- Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
- Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
- Ma'auni na Lantarki
- Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
- Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
- Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
- Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
LTC-4724JD ƙaramin tsari ne mai aiki mai ƙarfi na nuni mai lambobi uku na sassa bakwai, wanda aka tsara don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar bayyani mai haske da bayyananniyar lambobi. Babban aikinsa shi ne nuna lambobi uku (0-9) ta amfani da sassan LED masu sarrafa kansu. An ƙera na'urar ne da nufin samun saukin karantawa da amincin aiki a cikin tsarin lantarki daban-daban.
Babban aikace-aikacen wannan nunin yana cikin kayan aikin ma'auni, na'urorin sarrafawa, kayan gwaji, da na'urorin lantarki na gida inda ake buƙatar ƙaramin fitarwa mai lambobi da yawa. Yana aiki azaman hanyar sadarwa kai tsaye tsakanin da'irori na dijital da mai amfani, yana canza siginonin lantarki zuwa lambobi masu bayyana. Amfani da guntu na AS-AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) LED da aka girma akan GaAs substrate wani muhimmin al'amari ne na fasaha. Wannan tsarin kayan sananne ne saboda ingantaccen aiki da tsaftar launi a cikin bakan ja-ja zuwa ja, wanda ke ba da gudummawa kai tsaye ga haske da bambanci na nunin.
Nunin yana da fuskar fuska mai launin toka tare da alamomin sassa fari, haɗin da aka zaɓa don haɓaka bambanci da saukin karantawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske daban-daban lokacin da LED ɗin ja ke haskakawa. Ƙirarsa ta ba da fifiko ga bayyanar ci gaba, iri ɗaya a duk sassa da lambobi, tare da kawar da gibin gani ko rashin daidaituwa wanda zai iya hana saurin fahimtar bayanai.
2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha
2.1 Halayen Hoto da na Gani
Aikin gani shine tsakiyar aikin nunin. Muhimman sigogi, waɗanda aka auna a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C, suna ayyana fitarwar gani.
- Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken (IV):Ya bambanta daga mafi ƙarancin 200 µcd zuwa ƙimar yau da kullun na 650 µcd lokacin da aka tuƙa shi da ƙarfin gaba (IF90 mA matsakaici. Ana yarda da wannan kawai a ƙarƙashin yanayin bugun jini (mitar 1 kHz, aikin aiki 10%) don cimma haske mai tsauri ba tare da yin zafi ba.
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon Watsawa (λp):639 nanometers (nm). Wannan shine tsawon zango inda LED ke fitar da mafi girman ƙarfin gani. Ya faɗo cikin yankin hyper-red na bakan gani.
- Mafi Girman Tsawon Zango (λd):631 nm. Wannan shine tsawon zango guda ɗaya wanda idon ɗan adam ya fahimta wanda ya fi dacewa da launin hasken da aka fitar, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga ma'anar launi.
- Rabin Faɗin Layin Bakan (Δλ):20 nm. Wannan yana nuna tsaftar bakan ko faɗin band na hasken da aka fitar. Ƙaramin rabin faɗi yawanci yana nufin launi mai cikar cikewa, mai tsafta.
- Matsakaicin Daidaitawar Ƙarfin Hasken (IV-m):2:1 matsakaici. Wannan yana ƙayyade bambancin haske da aka yarda tsakanin sassa daban-daban a cikin na'ura ɗaya, yana tabbatar da daidaiton gani.
Duk ma'aunin ƙarfin haske ana yin su ta amfani da firikwensin da tacewa da aka daidaita zuwa aikin hasken CIE photopic, wanda ke kusanta da hankalin bakan idon ɗan adam a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske na yau da kullun.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki da Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Matsakaici
Bin waɗannan iyakoki yana da mahimmanci ga tsawon rayuwar na'urar da hana gazawa mai tsanani.
- Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Gaba kowane Sashe (IF):25 mA matsakaici a 25°C. Wannan shine ƙarfin DC wanda za'a iya ci gaba da amfani da shi zuwa sashe ɗaya. Ƙimar tana raguwa a layi daya a 0.33 mA/°C sama da 25°C, ma'ana ƙarfin da aka yarda yana raguwa yayin da zafin muhalli ya tashi don sarrafa zafin jiki.
- Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Gaba kowane Sashe: mA maximum. This is allowed only under pulsed conditions (1 kHz frequency, 10% duty cycle) to achieve higher instantaneous brightness without overheating.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba kowane Sashe (VF):Yawanci 2.6V, tare da matsakaicin 2.6V a IF=20mA. Wannan shine faɗuwar wutar lantarki a kan LED lokacin da yake gudana. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar da cewa da'irar tuƙi na iya samar da isasshen wutar lantarki.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Baya kowane Sashe (VR):5V matsakaici. Wucewa wannan zai iya lalata haɗin LED.
- Ƙarfin Baya kowane Sashe (IR):100 µA matsakaici a VR=5V. Wannan shine ƙaramin ƙarfin ɗigon da ke gudana lokacin da LED ke da karkatar da baya.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki kowane Sashe:70 mW matsakaici. Wannan shine iyakar zafin jiki don wutar lantarki da aka canza zuwa zafi a cikin sashe ɗaya.
2.3 Ƙayyadaddun Zafin Jiki da Muhalli
Iyakar aikin na'urar an ayyana ta ta hanyar kewayon zafin jiki.
- Kewayon Zafin Aiki:-35°C zuwa +85°C. An ƙera nunin don yin aiki daidai a cikin wannan tazarar zafin muhalli.
- Kewayon Zafin Ajiya:-35°C zuwa +85°C. Ana iya adana na'urar ba tare da aiki ba a cikin waɗannan iyakoki ba tare da lalacewa ba.
- Zafin Solder:Kunshin zai iya jurewa matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na dakika 3 a wuri 1/16 inch (kusan 1.6mm) a ƙasa da matakin wurin zama yayin hanyoyin solder na sake kunnawa.
3. Tsarin Rarrabawa da Rarrabawa
Takardun bayanan ya bayyana a sarari cewa na'urar "An Rarraba don Ƙarfin Hasken." Wannan yana nuna tsarin rarrabawa bayan samarwa. Duk da yake ba a ba da takamaiman lambobin kwandon a cikin wannan ɓangaren ba, rarrabuwa na yau da kullun don irin waɗannan nunin ya haɗa da rarraba raka'a bisa ga ƙarfin haske da aka auna a daidaitaccen gwajin gwaji (misali, 1mA ko 20mA). Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa masu ƙira waɗanda ke samo nunin da yawa za su iya tsammanin matakan haske iri ɗaya a duk raka'a a cikin samfurinsu, suna kiyaye bayyanar iri ɗaya akan panel na ƙarshe. Matsakaicin daidaitawa don ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba (VF) na iya zama wani ɓangare na cikakken ƙayyadaddun kwandon, ko da yake ba a cikakke ba a nan.
4. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Ayyuka
Takardun bayanan yana nuni da "Yawanci Lantarki / Lanƙwasa Halayen Gani." Duk da yake ba a haɗa takamaiman jadawali a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, madaidaitan lanƙwasa don irin waɗannan na'urori yawanci sun haɗa da:
- Ƙarfin Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V):Yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni, mai mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irori masu iyakancewa. Lanƙwasa zai nuna ƙarfin wutar lantarki da yadda VFyana ƙaruwa tare da IF.
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Ƙarfin Gaba:Yana nuna yadda fitarwar haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin tuƙi, yawanci a cikin alaƙar kusa da layi har zuwa wani lokaci, bayan haka inganci yana raguwa.
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Hasken vs. Zafin Muhalli:Yana nuna raguwar fitarwar haske yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru. AlInGaP LEDs yawanci suna fuskantar raguwa mai mahimmanci a cikin inganci tare da hawan zafin jiki.
- Rarraba Bakan:Makircin dangantakar ƙarfi da tsawon zango, yana nuna kololuwa a 639nm da rabin faɗin 20nm.
Waɗannan lanƙwasa suna da mahimmanci don haɓaka yanayin tuƙi, fahimtar tasirin zafin jiki, da hasashen aiki a cikin ainihin yanayin aikace-aikace.
5. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi
5.1 Girman Jiki da Zane
An bayyana na'urar a matsayin nunin "0.4 inch (10.0 mm) tsawon lambobi". Zanen kunshin (ba cikakke ba a nan) zai nuna girman gabaɗayan tsarin, tazarar lambobi da sassa, da ƙafar tsarin fil 15. Tolerances don duk ma'auni na layi yawanci ±0.25 mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade in ba haka ba. Ginin jiki yana ba da gudummawa ga siffar "faɗin kusurwar kallo".
5.2 Pinout da Zanen Haɗin kai
Nunin yana amfani da tsarin cathode gama gari mai yawa. An ba da zanen da'ira na ciki da tebur haɗin fil. Muhimman batutuwa:
- Tsari:Cathode Gama Gari Mai Yawa. Cathodes na LED na kowane lamba (Lamba 1, Lamba 2, Lamba 3) an haɗa su tare a ciki, kamar yadda cathodes na maki goma/alamomi na gefen hagu (L1, L2, L3) suke. Anodes na kowane nau'in sashe (A-G, DP) suna gama gari a duk lambobi.
- Ayyukan Fil:Hanyar sadarwa ta fil 15 ta haɗa da:
- Filolin Cathode Gama Gari don Lamba 1 (fil 1), Lamba 2 (fil 5), Lamba 3 (fil 7), da don alamomi L1/L2/L3 (fil 14).
- Filolin Anode don sassa A (fil 12), B (fil 11), C (fil 3), D (fil 4), E (fil 2), F (fil 15), G (fil 8), da Decimal Point DP (fil 6).
- Sashe C da Alama L3 suna raba filin anode 3. Sashe A yana rabawa tare da L1 (fil 12), kuma Sashe B yana rabawa tare da L2 (fil 11).
- Filoli da yawa an yi musu alama "BABU HAɗI" ko "BABU FIL" (fil 9, 10, 13).
Wannan pinout yana buƙatar da'irar direba mai yawa wanda ke jeri-jeri yana ƙarfafa cathode na kowane lamba yayin amfani da daidaitaccen tsarin anode don lambar da ake so akan wannan lamba.
6. Jagororin Solder da Taro
Mahimmin ƙayyadaddun taro da aka bayar shine bayanin solder na sake kunnawa: kayan aikin zai iya jurewa matsakaicin zafin jiki na 260°C na dakika 3, wanda aka auna 1.6mm (1/16") a ƙasa da jikin kunshin. Wannan daidaitaccen yanayin solder ne mara gubar (Pb-free), wanda ya dace da siffar "Kunshin Maras Gubar". Masu ƙira yakamata su bi ka'idodin IPC na yau da kullun don ƙirar kushin PCB, buɗaɗɗen stencil, da ƙimar hawan/faɗuwar bayanin sake kunnawa don tabbatar da haɗin gwiwar solder ba tare da sanya guntu na LED ko haɗin waya na ciki ga matsanancin damuwa na zafi ba. Yakamata a bi daidaitattun hanyoyin sarrafa ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) a duk matakan taro.
7. Bayanin Kunshi da Oda
Lambar sashi ita ce LTC-4724JD. Maɗaurin "JD" na iya nuna takamaiman halaye kamar launi (Hyper Red) da nau'in kunshi. Ana iya samar da na'urori a cikin bututun anti-static ko trays don kare filoli da hana lalacewar ESD yayin jigilar kaya da sarrafawa. Za a ƙera kunshin don cika ƙayyadaddun kewayon zafin ajiya.
8. Bayanan Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
8.1 Da'irori na Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun
An tsara ƙirar cathode gama gari mai yawa don sadarwa kai tsaye tare da raka'o'in microcontroller (MCUs) ko takamaiman direbobin nunin IC (misali, MAX7219, TM1637). Da'irar yau da kullun ta ƙunshi amfani da filolin GPIO akan MCU don anodes na sassa (sau da yawa ta hanyar resistors masu iyakancewa) ko dai filolin GPIO ko maɓallan transistor (NPN ko N-channel MOSFET) don nutsewar ƙarfi don cathodes na lambobi. Tsarin yawa a cikin software dole ne ya sabunta kowane lamba da sauri (yawanci >60Hz) don guje wa flicker mai bayyana.
8.2 Muhimman Lissafin Ƙira
- Resistor Mai Iyakancewa (Rlim):Don tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai (misali, samar da 5V), Rlim= (Vsupply- VF) / IF. Amfani da VF=2.6V da wani I da ake soFna 15mA: Rlim= (5 - 2.6) / 0.015 = 160 Ω. Daidaitaccen resistor 150 Ω ko 180 Ω zai dace. Yakamata a duba ƙimar wutar lantarki na resistor: P = I2* R.
- Aikin Aiki na Yawa da Matsakaicin Ƙarfi:A cikin lambobi uku mai yawa, kowane lamba yana kan kusan 1/3 na lokaci. Don cimma matsakaicin ƙarfin Iavg, matsakaicin ƙarfin yayin lokacin aikinsa dole ne ya zama Ipeak= Iavg* Lambobi. Idan ana son matsakaicin 5mA kowane sashe, matsakaicin ƙarfin yayin lokacin aikin lamba yakamata ya zama ~15mA. Wannan dole ne ya kasance ƙasa da ƙimar ci gaba na 25mA.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki:Don lamba da ke nuna "8" (duk sassa 7 suna haskakawa), tare da IF=10mA kowane sashe da VF=2.6V, wutar lantarki kowane sashe shine 26mW. Jimlar lamba shine 182mW. Wannan zafin yana watsewa a cikin lambobi uku a jere a cikin yanayin yawa, yana rage yawan kayan aikin zafin jiki idan aka kwatanta da tuƙi mai tsayi.
8.3 Abubuwan Ƙira
- Kusurwar Kallo:Faɗin kusurwar kallo yana da amfani ga panel waɗanda za a iya duba su daga wuraren da ba su da axis.
- Bambanci:Ƙirar fuskar toka/fararen sassa tana ba da babban bambanci lokacin da LED ɗin ja ya kashe, yana inganta saukin karantawa a cikin hasken muhalli mai haske.
- Ƙaramin Wutar Lantarki:Ƙarfin yin aiki a ƙananan igiyoyi (misali, 1mA don haske mai aunawa) ya sa ya dace da na'urori masu amfani da baturi, musamman lokacin da aka haɗa shi da yawa wanda ke rage matsakaicin ɗaukar wutar lantarki.
- Gudanar da Zafi:Tabbatar da shimfidar PCB yana ba da damar ɗan watsewar zafi, musamman idan ana tuƙi sassa kusa da matsakaicin ƙimar ƙarfin su ko kuma suna aiki a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma. Dole ne a mutunta lanƙwasa raguwa don ƙarfin gaba.
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Bambance-bambance
Idan aka kwatanta da tsofaffin fasahohi kamar daidaitattun LED na GaAsP (Gallium Arsenide Phosphide) ja, fasahar AlInGaP a cikin LTC-4724JD tana ba da ingantaccen inganci mai haske sosai, yana haifar da mafi girman haske don ƙarfin tuƙi ɗaya ko ƙananan amfani da wutar lantarki don haske iri ɗaya. Launin hyper-red (639nm) ya fi cikewa kuma ya bambanta da gani fiye da daidaitattun LED ja. Idan aka kwatanta da nunin lamba ɗaya, wannan naúrar lambobi uku ta haɗa kai tana adana sararin PCB mai mahimmanci kuma tana sauƙaƙa taro idan aka kwatanta da amfani da abubuwa daban-daban guda uku. Hanyar sadarwa mai yawa, duk da yake yana buƙatar da'irar tuƙi mai rikitarwa fiye da tuƙi mai tsayi, yana rage adadin filolin sarrafawa da ake buƙata daga microcontroller (misali, fil 11 don tuƙi mai tsayi na lambobi 3 tare da goma vs. sashe 8 + lamba 3 = fil 11 don yawa, amma sau da yawa ana inganta su ƙarin tare da direbobi).
10. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Bisa ga Sigogi na Fasaha)
Q: Menene manufar ƙirar "cathode gama gari"?
A: Yana ba da damar yawa. Ta hanyar raba anodes na sassa a cikin lambobi da sarrafa cathodes na lambobi da kansu, zaku iya nuna lambobi daban-daban akan kowane lamba ta amfani da saitin direbobin sassa guda ɗaya, yana rage filolin I/O da ake buƙata daga mai sarrafawa.
Q: Zan iya tuƙa wannan nunin tare da ƙarfin DC akai-akai ba tare da yawa ba?
A: A zahiri a'a, ta hanyar haɗa duk cathodes gama gari tare da ɗaukar shi azaman nunin lambobi 3 mai tsayi. Duk da haka, wannan zai buƙaci 7 (sassa) + 1 (DP) + 3 (alamomi) = direbobi na anode 11 da nutsewar cathode ɗaya wanda zai iya ɗaukar haɗin ƙarfin duk sassan da aka haskaka (misali, har zuwa 7*25mA=175mA kowane lamba), wanda ba shi da inganci kuma yana amfani da filoli da yawa.
Q: Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba shine 2.6V na yau da kullun. Zan iya gudanar da shi kai tsaye daga samar da microcontroller na 3.3V?
A: A'a, amma dole ne ku haɗa da resistor mai iyakancewa. Lissafi: R = (3.3V - 2.6V) / IF. Don 10mA, R = 0.7V / 0.01A = 70 Ω. Tabbatar da filin GPIO na MCU zai iya samar da/nutsar da ƙarfin da ake buƙata.
Q: Menene ma'anar "Hyper Red" idan aka kwatanta da ja na yau da kullun?
A: Hyper Red yawanci yana nufin LED masu tsayin zango mai tsayi fiye da kusan 630nm, suna samar da launin ja mai zurfi, mafi "gaskiya" idan aka kwatanta da launin ja-ja na daidaitattun LED ja (~620-625nm). An cimma shi tare da manyan kayan semiconductor kamar AlInGaP.
Q: Ta yaya zan sarrafa maki goma/alamomi (L1, L2, L3)?
A> Suna raba filolin anode tare da sassa A, B, da C bi da bi. Don haskakawa, misali, alamar L1, dole ne ku kunna cathode gama gari don alamomi (fil 14) yayin da kuma kunna anode don sashe A (fil 12), kamar yadda za ku yi don haskaka sashe A na lamba.
11. Misalin Aikace-aikace na Aiki
Yanayi: Ƙirar Karatun Voltmeter Mai Lambobi Uku Mai Sauƙi.
Microcontroller tare da mai canza analog-zuwa-dijital (ADC) yana auna ƙarfin wutar lantarki (0-5V). Software yana sikelin karatun zuwa ƙima tsakanin 0 da 5.00. Sannan ya raba wannan zuwa lambobi uku: ɗaruruwa, goma, da ɗaya/kashi (tare da maki goma da aka gyara bayan lamba ta farko). Tsarin yawa yana gudana a cikin katsewar timer kowane 5ms (sabunta 200Hz).
- Zagaye 1:MCU yana saita tsarin anode na sashe akan filolin fitarwa don lambar "ɗaruruwa" (misali, don "5"). Sannan yana kunna transistor da ke nutsar da ƙarfi don cathode na Lamba 1 (fil 1). Duk sauran cathodes na lambobi suna kashe. Wannan yana ɗaukar ~1.6ms.
- Zagaye 2:MCU yana canza tsarin sashe don lambar "goma" kuma yana canza kunna cathode zuwa Lamba 2 (fil 5).
- Zagaye 3:MCU yana saita tsarin sashe don lambar "ɗaya/kashi", gami da kunna anode DP (fil 6) don maki goma. Yana kunna cathode don Lamba 3 (fil 7).
Wannan zagaye yana maimaitawa. Ga idon ɗan adam, saboda dagewar hangen nesa, duk lambobi uku suna bayyana a tsaye a haskaka lokaci ɗaya. An sanya resistors masu iyakancewa akan kowane layin anode na sashe. Matsakaicin ƙarfin kowane sashe shine matsakaicin ƙarfin da aka raba da 3 (adadin lambobi).
12. Ƙa'idar Aiki
Babban ƙa'idar ita ce electroluminescence a cikin haɗin PN semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin wutar lantarki na diode a kan guntu na AlInGaP LED, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka cikin yankin aiki inda suke sake haɗuwa. Wannan sake haɗuwa yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman tsawon zango na 639nm an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar ƙarfin bandgap na kayan semiconductor na AlInGaP, wanda aka ƙera yayin aikin girma na epitaxial akan substrate na GaAs. Kowane sashe na nunin yana ƙunshe da ɗaya ko fiye da waɗannan ƙananan guntu na LED. Da'irar yawa tana amfani da rashin iya ganin saurin kunna/kashewa na idon ɗan adam, yana haifar da ruɗi na nunin lambobi da yawa mai ci gaba da haskakawa yayin da yake rage rikitarwar kayan aiki da amfani da wutar lantarki sosai.
13. Trends na Fasaha da Mahallin
Nunin LED na sassa bakwai suna wakiltar fasaha mai cikakken girma, mai tsada don karatun lambobi. Trend a cikin wannan sashe yana zuwa ga manyan kayan aiki masu inganci (kamar AlInGaP maye gurbin tsofaffin GaAsP), ƙananan ƙarfin wutar lantarki, da ƙananan girman kunshi don mafi girman yawa. Hakanan akwai motsi zuwa ga haɗakar da'irar direba a cikin tsarin nunin da kansa (misali, hanyoyin sadarwa na I2C ko SPI), yana sauƙaƙe buƙatun microcontroller na waje. Duk da yake nunin OLED na dot-matrix da LCD suna ba da sassauci mafi girma don abun ciki na haruffa da zane-zane, LED na sassa bakwai suna riƙe da fa'idodi masu ƙarfi a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai ƙarfi sosai, faɗin kusurwar kallo, juriya mai tsananin zafin jiki, sauƙi, da ƙarancin farashi musamman don bayanan lambobi. Ƙayyadaddun kunshin maras gubar yana nuna canjin masana'antu na duniya zuwa ga bin ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntataccen Abubuwa Masu Hadari).
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |