Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
- 1.1 Muhimman Siffofi
- 1.2 Aikace-aikacen Manufa
- 2. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshin
- 3. Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar
- 4. Halayen Lantarki da Gani
- 5. Tsarin Lambar Bin da Rarrabuwa
- 5.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Vf)
- 5.2 Rarraba Radiant Flux (Φe)
- 5.3 Rarraba Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λp)
- 6. Bincike na Lanƙwan Aiki
- 6.1 Bakan Fitarwa na Dangi
- 6.2 Radiant Flux na Dangi vs. Halin yanzu na Gaba
- 6.3 Halin yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwan I-V)
- 6.4 Radiant Flux na Dangi vs. Zafin Junction
- 7. Jagororin Haɗawa da Masana'antu
- 7.1 Bayanin Siffar Gyarawa
- 7.2 Tsaftacewa
- 7.3 Hankalin Danshi
- 8. Ƙayyadaddun Marufi
- 9. Abubuwan da ake la'akari da Ƙirar Aikace-aikace
- 9.1 Hanyar Tuƙi
- 9.2 Gudanar da Zafi
- 9.3 Ƙirar Gani
- 10. Aminci da Bayanan Aikace-aikace
1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
LTPL-C16F jerin suna wakiltar ci gaba mai mahimmanci a fasahar haske mai ƙarfi, wanda aka ƙera musamman don aikace-aikacen ultraviolet (UV). Wannan samfurin wata sabuwar hanya ce, mai ingantaccen amfani da makamashi, kuma mai ƙaramin girma wacce ta haɗu da ingantaccen rayuwa da amincin da ke cikin Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) tare da matakan haske masu ƙarfi da aka saba da su a tsarin haske na al'ada. Wannan haɗin yana ba injiniyoyin ƙira 'yanci mara misaltuwa, yana ba da damar ƙirƙirar sabbin sifofi masu ƙaramin girma yayin da yake ba da ƙarfin haske da ake buƙata don maye gurbin tsofaffin fasahohin haske marasa inganci a cikin yanayi mai wahala.
1.1 Muhimman Siffofi
- Cikakkiyar dacewa da daidaitattun kayan aikin sanyawa da ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik don samarwa mai yawa.
- An ƙera shi don jurewa duka hanyoyin gyarawa na infrared (IR) da tururi, yana tabbatar da ingantaccen haɗawa.
- An tattara shi a cikin daidaitaccen sifa na EIA (Ƙungiyar Masana'antu ta Lantarki) don sauƙin haɗawa cikin ƙirar da ke akwai.
- Halayen shigarwa sun dace da matakan tuƙi na daidaitaccen kewayawa (IC).
- An ƙera shi azaman samfurin kore, mai bin umarnin RoHS kuma ba shi da gubar (Pb) da sauran abubuwan da aka hana.
1.2 Aikace-aikacen Manufa
An ƙera wannan UV LED musamman don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar tushen hasken ultraviolet na 405nm. Manyan aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da:
- Tsarin UV Curing:Saurin polymerization da taurare na mannewa, rufi, da tawada.
- Alamar UV & Lamba:Alama ta dindindin akan nau'ikan abubuwa daban-daban.
- Mannewa ta UV:Hanyoyin mannewa masu saurin saiti.
- Bushewar Tawada na Buga:Hanzarin bushewa da tsarin tawada na musamman masu amsawa ga UV.
2. Bayanan Injiniya da Kunshin
Na'urar tana cikin kunshin mai ƙaramin girma wanda ake haɗawa da surface. Muhimman ma'auni na zane sune kamar haka (duk ƙimomi a cikin milimita, tare da daidaitaccen jurewa na ±0.1mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka): Jikin kunshin yana auna kusan 3.2mm tsayi, 1.6mm faɗi, kuma yana da tsayi na 1.6mm. An ba da cikakkun zane-zane na injiniya, gami da shawarwarin shimfidar ƙafafu don gyarawa ta infrared da tururi a cikin takardar bayani don tabbatar da ingantaccen ƙirar sawun PCB don ingantaccen zafi da injiniya.
3. Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar
Matsalolin da suka wuce waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar. Duk ƙimar an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin yanayi (Ta) na 25°C.
- Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Po):1.75 W
- Halin yanzu na Gaba (If):500 mA
- Kewayon Zafin Aiki (Topr):-40°C zuwa +85°C
- Kewayon Zafin Ajiya (Tstg):-40°C zuwa +100°C
- Matsakaicin Zafin Junction (Tj):115°C
4. Halayen Lantarki da Gani
An auna mahimman sigogi na aiki a Ta=25°C a ƙarƙashin yanayin gwaji na If = 350mA, sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka.
- Radiant Flux (Φe):440 mW (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 500 mW (Na al'ada), 590 mW (Mafi girma). Jurewar ma'auni shine ±10%.
- Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2):135° (Na al'ada).
- Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λp):395 nm (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 405 nm (Na al'ada), 415 nm (Mafi girma). Wannan yana bayyana fitarwa ta tsakiya a cikin bakan kusa-UV. Jurewa shine ±3nm.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Vf):3.1 V (Mafi ƙanƙanta), 3.3 V (Na al'ada), 3.5 V (Mafi girma) a 350mA. Jurewar ma'auni shine ±0.1V.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (Vr):1.2 V (Mafi girma) a halin yanzu na baya (Ir) na 10µA.Muhimmin Bayanin Kula:An gwada wannan siga don siffanta aikin Zener kawai. Ba a ƙera LED don aiki a ƙarƙashin ƙarancin baya ba. Tsawaita bayyanar halin yanzu na baya na iya haifar da gazawar na'urar.
Taka Tsantsan Game da ESD:Wannan ɓangaren yana da hankali ga zubar da wutar lantarki (ESD). Hanyoyin sarrafawa da suka dace, gami da amfani da igiyoyin wuyan da aka kafa, tabarma mai hana tashin hankali, da kayan aiki, wajibi ne don hana lalacewa a ɓoye ko bala'i.
5. Tsarin Lambar Bin da Rarrabuwa
Don tabbatar da ci gaba mai daidaito a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba na'urori zuwa kwandon shara bisa mahimman sigogi. An yiwa lambar bin alama a kan marufi.
5.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Vf)
- Bin V3:Vf = 3.1V zuwa 3.3V @ 350mA
- Bin V4:Vf = 3.3V zuwa 3.5V @ 350mA
5.2 Rarraba Radiant Flux (Φe)
- Bin R1:Φe = 440 mW zuwa 470 mW
- Bin R2:Φe = 470 mW zuwa 500 mW
- Bin R3:Φe = 500 mW zuwa 530 mW
- Bin R4:Φe = 530 mW zuwa 560 mW
- Bin R5:Φe = 560 mW zuwa 590 mW
5.3 Rarraba Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsawon (λp)
- Bin P3U:λp = 395 nm zuwa 400 nm
- Bin P4A:λp = 400 nm zuwa 405 nm
- Bin P4B:λp = 405 nm zuwa 410 nm
- Bin P4C:λp = 410 nm zuwa 415 nm
6. Bincike na Lanƙwan Aiki
Takardar bayani tana ba da lanƙwan halaye da yawa masu mahimmanci don inganta ƙira.
6.1 Bakan Fitarwa na Dangi
Lanƙwan rarraba bakan yana nuna babban kololuwa mai tsakiya a 405nm (na al'ada), tare da ƙunƙuntaccen faɗin bakan halayen fasahar LED. Wannan monochromaticity yana da fa'ida ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar takamaiman farawa na hoto.
6.2 Radiant Flux na Dangi vs. Halin yanzu na Gaba
Wannan lanƙwan yana nuna alaƙa tsakanin fitarwa ta gani da halin yanzu na tuƙi. Radiant flux yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi tare da halin yanzu a ƙananan matakan kuma yana karkata zuwa jikewa a manyan halayen yanzu saboda tasirin zafi da rashin inganci. Ana ba da shawarar yin aiki a ko ƙasa da na al'ada 350mA don mafi kyawun inganci da rayuwa.
6.3 Halin yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwan I-V)
Halin I-V yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar direba. Yana nuna alaƙar ƙima ta al'ada na diode. Matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba shine 3.3V a 350mA. Dole ne da'irori na direba su zama masu ƙayyadaddun halin yanzu, ba masu ƙayyadaddun ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba, don tabbatar da ingantaccen fitarwa ta gani.
6.4 Radiant Flux na Dangi vs. Zafin Junction
Wannan lanƙwan mai mahimmanci yana kwatanta mummunan tasirin hawan zafin junction (Tj) akan fitarwa ta haske. Ingantaccen UV LED yakan ragu yayin da zafin jiki ya ƙaru. Ingantaccen sarrafa zafi ta hanyar ingantaccen shimfidar PCB (ta amfani da ramukan zafi da isasshen yanki na tagulla) yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye babban fitarwa da amincin dogon lokaci.
7. Jagororin Haɗawa da Masana'antu
7.1 Bayanin Siffar Gyarawa
An ba da shawarar siffar sake kunnawa don hanyoyin gyarawa marasa gubar (Pb-free). Muhimman sigogi sun haɗa da:
- Dafaffen Wuta:150-200°C har zuwa dakika 120.
- Matsakaicin Zafin Jiki:Matsakaicin 260°C.
- Lokaci Sama da Liquidus:Ana ba da shawarar kasancewa cikin dakika 10 (an ba da izinin matsakaicin zagaye biyu na sake kunnawa).
- An ba da shawarar ƙayyadaddun ƙimar sanyaya a hankali. Ba a ba da shawarar sanyaya cikin sauri.
- Gyarawa da hannu tare da ƙarfe ya kamata a iyakance shi zuwa 300°C har zuwa dakika 3, sau ɗaya kawai.
7.2 Tsaftacewa
Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan haɗawa, kawai ya kamata a yi amfani da takamaiman sinadarai. Tsoma LED a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl a zafin daki na ƙasa da minti ɗaya yana da karɓuwa. Amfani da sinadarai da ba a ƙayyade ba na iya lalata epoxy na kunshin ko ruwan tabarau.
7.3 Hankalin Danshi
An rarraba wannan samfurin azaman Matakin Hankalin Danshi (MSL) 3 bisa ga JEDEC J-STD-020. Ana buƙatar taka tsantsan don hana popcorning yayin sake kunnawa.
- Jaka Mai Rufi:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤90% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin shekara guda bayan ranar rufe jakar.
- Jakar da aka Buɗe:Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Dole ne a yi gyarawa cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7) na bayyanawa ga yanayin yanayin masana'anta.
- Idan katin nuna danshi ya nuna 10% ruwan hoda ko sama da haka, ko kuma rayuwar bene ta wuce, ana buƙatar gasa a 60°C na aƙalla sa'o'i 48 kafin amfani.
8. Ƙayyadaddun Marufi
Ana samar da abubuwan a kan tef ɗin mai ɗaukar kaya don sarrafawa ta atomatik.
- Ma'auni na Tef:Yarjejeniya tare da ƙayyadaddun EIA-481-1-B.
- Girman Reel:Daidaitaccen reel na inci 7 (178mm).
- Adadin kowane Reel:Matsakaicin guda 1500.
- An rufe aljihunan fanko da tef ɗin rufi. Matsakaicin adadin abubuwan da suka ɓace a jere shine biyu.
9. Abubuwan da ake la'akari da Ƙirar Aikace-aikace
9.1 Hanyar Tuƙi
LED a zahiri na'ura ce mai aiki da halin yanzu. Don ingantaccen aiki mai daidaito, dole ne a tuƙa shi ta hanyar tushen halin yanzu na akai, ba tushen ƙarfin wutar lantarki na akai ba. Za a iya amfani da madaidaicin resistor na jeri tare da tushen wutar lantarki don aikace-aikacen asali, amma ana ba da shawarar takamaiman LED direba IC ko da'ira don sarrafawa daidai, musamman don sarrafa tasirin zafi da tabbatar da tsawon rayuwa.
9.2 Gudanar da Zafi
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin lanƙwan aiki, zafin junction yana tasiri kai tsaye ga ingantaccen fitarwa da tsawon rayuwa. Dole ne masu ƙira su aiwatar da ingantattun hanyoyin zafi. Wannan ya haɗa da amfani da PCB tare da isasshen kauri na tagulla, haɗa jerin ramukan zafi kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin kushin zafi na LED, da yuwuwar ƙara heatsinking na waje idan ana aiki a manyan halayen yanzu ko a cikin manyan yanayin zafi.
9.3 Ƙirar Gani
Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 135 tana ba da tsarin fitarwa mai faɗi. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haskoki masu mai da hankali ko daidaitawa, dole ne a yi amfani da na'urorin gani na biyu kamar ruwan tabarau ko masu haskakawa. Kayan waɗannan na'urorin gani dole ne su zama masu bayyana ga hasken UV na 405nm; daidaitaccen polycarbonate ko acrylic bazai dace ba kuma suna iya lalacewa ƙarƙashin dogon lokacin bayyanar UV. Ana ba da shawarar gilashin UV-grade ko robobi na musamman.
10. Aminci da Bayanan Aikace-aikace
An yi amfani da LEDs don amfani a cikin daidaitattun kayan aikin lantarki. Don aikace-aikacen da gazawar zai iya haifar da haɗari ga aminci, lafiya, ko mahimman abubuwan more rayuwa (jirgin sama, tallafin rayuwa na likita, sarrafa sufuri), takamaiman kimanta aminci da tuntuɓar mai kera ɓangaren ya zama dole kafin shiga cikin ƙira. Bin daidaitattun matsakaicin ƙimar, jagororin gyarawa, da yanayin ajiya yana da mahimmanci don cimma ƙayyadaddun rayuwa da aminci.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |