Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayanin Samfur
- 1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi Masu Muhimmanci
- 2. Bayanin Injina da Fakitin
- 2.1 Ƙayyadaddun Fakitin
- 3. Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙimar
- 4. Siffofin Wutar Lantarki da Haske
- 5. Tsarin Bin Code da Ƙayyadaddun Bayanai
- 5.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF)
- 5.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske (Iv)
- 5.3 Rarraba Launi (Launi)
- 6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
- 6.1 Bayanin Solder Reflow
- 6.2 Tsaftacewa
- 7. Amincewa da Matakan Kariya na Sarrafawa
- 7.1 Abubuwan Aikace-aikace
- 7.2 Hankalin Danshi da Ajiya
- 8. Madaidaicin Lanƙwasa Aiki da Jagoran Mai Amfani
1. Bayanin Samfur
Jerin LTW yana wakiltar mafita mai inganci na wutar lantarki da ƙaramin ƙarfi na haske. Wannan samfurin ya haɗu da tsawon rayuwa da babban aminci da ke cikin Diodes Masu Fitilar Haske tare da matakin haske wanda ya dace da maye gurbin fasahar haske ta al'ada a aikace-aikace daban-daban. Yana ba da sassauci na ƙira kuma ana gabatar da shi a cikin fakitin da ya dace da hanyoyin haɗawa ta atomatik.
1.1 Siffofi da Fa'idodi Masu Muhimmanci
Siffofin farko na wannan ɓangaren LED suna mai da hankali kan masana'antu da bin ka'idojin muhalli.
- An yi fakitin a kan tef na 12mm da aka yi wa rauni akan reels masu diamita 7-inch.
- Ya dace gaba ɗaya da daidaitattun kayan aikin ɗauka da sanyawa ta atomatik.
- Ya dace da duka hanyoyin solder reflow na infrared (IR) da na vapor phase.
- Ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun fakitin EIA.
- An ƙera shi don ya dace da hanyoyin tuƙi na kewayawa (IC).
- An ƙera shi azaman samfurin kore, wanda ya dace da buƙatun marasa gubar bisa ga umarnin RoHS.
An ƙera ɓangaren don ɗimbin aikace-aikacen haske, yana amfani da ƙaramin girmansa da inganci. Abubuwan amfani da za a iya amfani da su sun haɗa da, amma ba'a iyakance su ga: fitilun karatu don motoci, bas, da cikin jiragen sama; haske mai ɗaukuwa kamar fitilun walƙiya da fitilun keke; fitilun ƙasa da hasken shiryarwa; hasken ado da nishaɗi; tsaro, lambu, da hasken bollard; cove, ƙarƙashin shiryayye, da hasken aiki; sigina na zirga-zirga, fitilun gargaɗi, da fitilun ƙetare layin dogo; hasken gine-gine na kasuwanci da na zama na ciki da waje daban-daban; da alamun gefe don fita ko nunin wurin siyarwa.
2. Bayanin Injina da Fakitin
Ana ba da LED a cikin daidaitaccen fakitin na'urar da aka haɗa a saman (SMD). Ana ba da cikakken bayani da girma a cikin zane-zanen takardar bayani. Duk ƙimar girma an ƙayyade su a cikin millimeters (mm). Daidaitaccen jurewa na waɗannan girma shine ±0.1 mm (kusan ±0.004 inches), sai dai idan an bayyana su a fili a cikin bayanin da ke tare da zane-zanen. Takardar bayanin kuma ta haɗa da cikakkun zane-zane don shimfidar gado na allon kewaye da aka ba da shawarar (PCB) don tabbatar da ingantaccen solder da aikin zafi.
2.1 Ƙayyadaddun Fakitin
Ana samar da ɓangarorin a cikin tsarin tef-da-reel wanda ya dace da haɗawa mai yawa.
- Tef:Ana ajiye LEDs a cikin aljihuna a cikin tef mai ɗaukar kaya mai faɗin 12mm.
- Reel:Ana nade tef ɗin akan daidaitaccen reel mai diamita 7-inch (178mm).
- Adadi:Kowane reel yana ɗauke da matsakaicin guda 2000.
- Tefin Murfi:Ana rufe aljihunan ɓangarorin da ba kowa ba tare da tef ɗin murfi na sama.
- Rashin ɓangarorin:Ƙayyadaddun yana ba da izinin matsakaicin fitilun biyu da suka ɓace a jere akan reel.
- Daidaitacce:Fakitin ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun EIA-481-1-B.
3. Matsakaicin Ƙimar Ƙimar
Waɗannan ƙimar suna bayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Duk ƙimar an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C.
| Parameter | Alama | Ƙimar | Naúrar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rushewar Wutar Lantarki | Pd | 120 | mW |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Gaba (1/10 Duty Cycle, 0.1ms Pulse) | IFP | 100 | mA |
| DC Ƙarfin Gaba | IF | 30 | mA |
| Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya | VR | 5 | V |
| Kewayon Zafin Aiki | Topr | -30 zuwa +85 | °C |
| Kewayon Zafin Ajiya | Tstg | -40 zuwa +100 | °C |
| Yanayin Solder Reflow | - | 260°C na dakika 10 | - |
Muhimmin Bayanin Kula:Yin amfani da LED a ƙarƙashin kowane yanayi na baya a cikin aikace-aikace na iya haifar da lalacewa ko gazawar ɓangaren.
4. Siffofin Wutar Lantarki da Haske
Ana auna madaidaicin sigogin aiki a yanayin zafin muhalli na 25°C da ƙarfin gaba (IF) na 20mA, sai dai idan an lura da su.
| Parameter | Alama | Min. | Typ. | Max. | Naúrar | Yanayin Gwaji |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin Haske | Iv | 1900 | - | 2800 | mcd | IF = 20mA |
| Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ1/2) | 2θ1/2 | - | 115 | - | deg | - |
| Matsakaiciyar Launi x | x | - | 0.301 | - | - | IF = 20mA |
| Matsakaiciyar Launi y | y | - | 0.283 | - | - | IF = 20mA |
| Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba | VF | 2.9 | - | 3.6 | V | IF = 20mA |
Bayanan Aunawa:
- Ana auna ƙarfin haske ta amfani da haɗin firikwensin da tace wanda ya kusanci madaidaicin lanƙwasa amsawar ido na photopic na CIE.
- An bayyana kusurwar dubawa (2θ1/2) azaman cikakkiyar kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya faɗi zuwa rabin ƙimar da aka auna akan axis na tsakiya.
- An bayyana matsakaicin launi (x, y) bisa ga zanen launi na CIE 1931.
- Madaidaicin gwajin da aka ambata don auna launi da ƙarfin haske shine CAS140B.
- Ya kamata a yi amfani da jurewa na ±0.01 ga tabbatattun matsakaicin launi.
Takaicin ESD:Wannan na'urar tana da hankali ga fitar da wutar lantarki ta electrostatic (ESD) da hawan wutar lantarki. Dole ne a ɗauki matakan kariya na ESD yayin sarrafawa, gami da amfani da igiyoyin wuyan da aka kafa ko safofin hannu masu hana tashin hankali. Dole ne a kafa duk kayan aiki da wuraren aiki da suka dace.
5. Tsarin Bin Code da Ƙayyadaddun Bayanai
Ana rarraba LEDs zuwa bins bisa ga mahimman sigogi don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin rukunin samarwa. Lambobin bin suna ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar ɓangarorin da suka dace da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace don ƙarfin wutar lantarki da haske.
5.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (VF)
Ana rarraba LEDs ta hanyar faɗuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba a gwajin na 20mA.
| VF Bin Code | Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba Min. (V) | Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba Max. (V) |
|---|---|---|
| V0 | 2.9 | 3.0 |
| V1 | 3.0 | 3.1 |
| V2 | 3.1 | 3.2 |
| V3 | 3.2 | 3.3 |
| V4 | 3.3 | 3.4 |
| V5 | 3.4 | 3.5 |
| V6 | 3.5 | 3.6 |
Jurewa akan kowane bin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba shine ±0.1V.
5.2 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske (Iv)
Ana rarraba LEDs bisa ga fitar da ƙarfin haske a 20mA.
| Iv Bin Code | Ƙarfin Haske Min. (mcd) | Ƙarfin Haske Max. (mcd) |
|---|---|---|
| G | 1900 | 2000 |
| H | 2000 | 2100 |
| I | 2100 | 2200 |
| J | 2200 | 2300 |
| K | 2300 | 2400 |
| L | 2400 | 2500 |
| M | 2500 | 2600 |
| N | 2600 | 2700 |
| O | 2700 | 2800 |
Jurewa akan kowane bin Ƙarfin Haske shine ±10%.
5.3 Rarraba Launi (Launi)
An ba da cikakkiyar tebur na matsayi na launi, wanda ke ƙayyade iyakokin matsakaicin launi na CIE 1931 (x, y) don lambobin bin daban-daban (misali, A52, A53, BE1, BG3, da sauransu). Wannan yana ba da damar zaɓin launi daidai. Jurewa ga kowane bin hue (x, y) shine ±0.01.
6. Jagororin Solder da Haɗawa
6.1 Bayanin Solder Reflow
Bangaren ya dace da hanyoyin solder reflow marasa gubar. Takardar bayanin tana ba da shawarar bayanin solder reflow na infrared (IR) wanda ya dace da madaidaicin J-STD-020D. An ƙayyade matsakaicin zafin reflow a matsayin 260°C, tare da matsakaicin lokacin bayyanawa a wannan zafin na dakika 10. Yin bin wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar zafi ga fakitin LED da ciki.
6.2 Tsaftacewa
Dole ne a yi taka tsantsan lokacin tsaftace allunan da aka haɗa waɗannan LEDs. An haramta amfani da masu tsaftacewa na sinadarai da ba a bayyana ba saboda suna iya lalata kayan fakitin LED (misali, ruwan tabarau ko encapsulant). Idan tsaftacewa ya zama dole sosai, hanyar da aka ba da shawarar ita ce nutsar da LEDs a cikin barasa na ethyl ko isopropyl alcohol a yanayin zafin daki na al'ada. Lokacin nutsarwa bai kamata ya wuce minti ɗaya ba don hana lalacewa mai yuwuwa.
7. Amincewa da Matakan Kariya na Sarrafawa
7.1 Abubuwan Aikace-aikace
An ƙera wannan samfurin LED kuma an cancanta shi don amfani a cikin daidaitattun kayan aikin lantarki na kasuwanci da na mabukaci. Misalai sun haɗa da kayan aikin ofis, na'urorin sadarwa, da na'urorin gida. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar amincin musamman inda gazawar za ta iya haifar da haɗarin rayuwa ko lafiya—kamar a cikin jiragen sama, sufuri, tsarin tallafin rayuwa / likita, ko na'urori masu mahimmanci na tsaro—ƙarin cancanta da tuntuba wajibi ne kafin ƙirar.
7.2 Hankalin Danshi da Ajiya
An rarraba wannan samfurin a matsayin Matakin Hankalin Danshi (MSL) 3 bisa ga madaidaicin JEDEC J-STD-020. Wannan rarrabuwar yana da mahimmanci ga sarrafawa da ajiya don hana "popcorning" ko fashewar fakitin yayin reflow saboda danshin da aka sha.
- Ajiyar Jakar da aka Rufe:Lokacin da jakar shinge ta hana danshi ba a buɗe ba, ya kamata a adana LEDs a 30°C ko ƙasa da haka da 90% Danshi Dangi (RH) ko ƙasa da haka. Bangarorin suna da tsawon rayuwa na shekara guda a cikin wannan yanayin.
- Bayan Buɗe Jakar:Da zarar an buɗe jakar hana danshi, dole ne a adana LEDs a cikin yanayi na 30°C ko ƙasa da haka da 60% RH ko ƙasa da haka.
- Rayuwar Bene:Bayan an buɗe jakar, dole ne ɓangarorin su bi hanyar solder reflow a cikin sa'o'i 168 (kwanaki 7). Wannan iyakar lokaci yana da mahimmanci. Ya kamata a tabbatar da yanayin ta amfani da katin nuna danshi (HIC) da ke cikin jakar; idan mai nuni ya nuna ruwan hoda (ya wuce matakin 10% RH), ɓangarorin suna buƙatar gasa kafin amfani da su bisa ga hanyoyin MSL3 masu dacewa.
8. Madaidaicin Lanƙwasa Aiki da Jagoran Mai Amfani
Takardar bayanin ta haɗa da sashe na madaidaicin lanƙwasa halaye, waɗanda ke wakiltar alaƙa tsakanin sigogi daban-daban a hoto. Waɗannan lanƙwasan suna da mahimmanci don cikakken ƙirar kewaye da fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban. Yayin da ba a bayyana takamaiman zane-zane a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, yawanci sun haɗa da:
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Haske da Ƙarfin Gaba:Yana nuna yadda fitar da haske ke ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin tuƙi.
- Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba da ƙarfin Gaba:Yana kwatanta halayen IV na diode.
- Dangantakar Ƙarfin Haske da Zafin Muhalli:Yana nuna raguwar zafi na fitar da haske.
- Tsarin Kusurwar Dubawa:Zanen iyakacin duniya wanda ke nuna rarraba haske na sararin samaniya.
Sashen jagoran mai amfani yana haɗa bayanai masu amfani don aiwatar da LED, gami da shimfidar gado na PCB da aka ba da shawarar (don ingantaccen samuwar haɗin solder da zubar da zafi), girma na tef, da ƙayyadaddun reel, yana tabbatar da dacewa da kayan aikin masana'antu.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |