Takardar Bayanai na Fitilar PLCC-2 LED Fari - Girman 2.20x1.40x1.30mm - Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki 3.0V - Ikon 0.06W

1. Dubawa kan Samfur

1.1 Bayanin Gabaɗaya

Wannan kayan aiki fitilar diode mai fitar da haske (LED) ce a cikin farar launi, wadda aka lulluɓe da PLCC-2 (Kwandon Gawayi na Filastik). An ƙera wannan na’urar ta amfani da guntuwar semiconductor shuɗi wacce aka haɗe da wani filastar phosphor don samar da farin haske. Girman kwandon da ake hawa a saman ya kai 2.20 mm tsayi, 1.40 mm faɗi, da kuma 1.30 mm tsayi, wanda ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ba su da isasshiyar sarari.

1.2 Siffofi

• Kwando:Siffar PLCC-2.
• Kusurwar Kallo:Kusurwar kallo mai faɗi sosai, yawanci 120 digiri.
• Daidaitawar Tari:An tsara shi don duk matakan tari da gajarta masu daidaito na Fasahar Hawa a Sama (SMT).
• Lulluɓi:Ana samunsa akan tef da reeli domin shiga ta atomatik.
• Saurin Dampi:An kimanta shi a matakin 2 na Saurin Dampi (MSL).
• Bin Ka'idojin Muhalli:Yana bin ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari) da kuma REACH (Rajista, Kimantawa, Izinin da Ƙuntata Sinadarai).
• Cancanta:Gwajin cancantar samfurin ya dogara ne akan ƙa'idar AEC-Q101 don gwajin ƙwaƙƙwaran cancantar kayan semiconductor da za a iya cirewa na nau'in mota.

1.3 Aikace-aikace

Babban aikace-aikacen wannan LED shine a cikinhasken cikin mota. Wannan ya haɗa da aikace-aikace kamar hasken baya na dashboard, hasken maɓalli, hasken yanayi, da fitilu masu nuni a cikin ɗakin mota.

2. Cikakkun Sigogin Fasaha

2.1 Halayen Lantarki da Na'ura mai Haskakawa

An ƙayyade duk sigogi a zafin wurin gajarta (Ts) na 25°C. Wannan ma'ana ce mai mahimmanci don lissafin ƙira.

• Ƙarfinsa Wutar Lantarki (V_F):Matsakaicin faɗuwar ƙarfin wutar lantarki a kan LED a cikin ƙarfin kwararar gaba (I_F) na 20mA shine 3.0 Volts. Mafi ƙarancin iyaka da mafi girma na samarwa sune 2.7V da 3.3V, bi da bi. Ƙimar ma’anar shine ±0.1V.
• Ƙarfin Kwararar Baya (I_R):Matsakaicin ƙarfin ɗigon da ke fitowa lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na baya (V_R) na 5V shine 10 µA.
• Ƙarfin Haskakawa (I_V):Matsakaicin fitar da haske a I_F=20mA shine 1200 millicandelas (mcd), tare da kewayon daga 800 mcd (ƙasa) zuwa 1500 mcd (sama). Ƙimar ma’anar shine ±10%.
• Kusurwar Kallo (2θ_1/2):An ayyana shi azaman cikakken kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya rabi mafi girman ƙarfinsa. Ƙimar yawanci ita ce 120 digiri, yana ba da tsarin haskakawa mai faɗi kuma mai daidaito.
• Juriya na Thermal (R_θJ-S):Juriya na thermal daga haɗin LED zuwa wurin gajarta shine mafi girman 300 °C/W. Wannan sigogi yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar sarrafa zafin jiki don hana zafi.

2.2 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Mutuƙa

Waɗannan ƙimar sun ayyana iyakokin da sama da su lalacewar na'urar za ta iya faruwa. Ba a ba da shawarar aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi ba.

• Rushewar Ƙarfi (P_D):Mafi girman 99 mW.
• Ci gaba da Ƙarfin Kwararar Gaba (I_F):Mafi girman 30 mA.
• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Kwararar Gaba (I_FP):Mafi girman 100 mA, an ƙayyade shi a ƙarƙashin tsarin aiki na 1/10 tare da faɗin bugun jini na 10ms.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Baya (V_R):Mafi girman 5 V.
• Fitowar Lantarki Mai Ƙarfi (ESD):Ƙimar Tsarin Jikin Mutum (HBM) na 8000V.
• Aiki & Zafin Ma'ajiya (T_OPR, T_STG):-40°C zuwa +100°C.
• Matsakaicin Zafin Haɗin gwiwa (T_J):120°C. Wannan shine mafi girman zafin da aka yarda da shi a haɗin semiconductor da kansa.

3. Bayanin Tsarin Rarrabuwa

Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa mai yawa, ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa gwangwani bisa mahimman sigogi na lantarki da na'ura mai haskakawa da aka auna a I_F= 20mA.

3.1 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfinsa Wutar Lantarki (V_F)

Ana rarraba LED ɗin zuwa gwangwanin da aka keɓance F2, G1, G2, H1, H2, da I1, wanda ya dace da takamaiman kewayon ƙarfin wutar lantarki daga 2.7-2.8V har zuwa 3.2-3.3V. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa tare da ƙuntatawa mai ƙarfi don bukatun da'irar su.

3.2 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Haskakawa (I_V)

Ana rarraba fitar da haske zuwa nau'ikan guda uku: L1 (800-1000 mcd), L2 (1000-1200 mcd), da M1 (1200-1500 mcd). Wannan rarrabuwar yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin tari.

3.3 Rarrabuwar Matsakaicin Launi

An ayyana farin launi a cikin takamaiman yankuna akan zanen CIE 1931 na chromaticity. Takardar bayanai ta ayyana gwangwani guda uku (TC1, TC2, TC3), kowanne yanki mai huɗu ne wanda ke ƙayyade kewayon da aka yarda da shi na daidaitattun launi x da y. Ƙuntata waɗannan ma'auni shine ±0.005. Wannan yana sarrafa launi da jikewa na farin haske, yana tabbatar da bayyanar farin daidaito a cikin fitilun LED masu yawa.

4. Bita akan lanƙwan Aiki

4.1 Ƙarfin Kwararar Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwan IV)

Lanƙwan halayen yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta dace ba. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙarfin kwarara, yana farawa a kusa da 2.5V a ƙananan ƙarfi kuma yana tashi zuwa kusan 3.2V a matsakaicin ci gaba da ƙarfin kwarara na 30mA. Wannan lanƙwan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar direba, musamman ga direbobi masu ƙarfi na yau da kullun, don fahimtar ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ake buƙata.

4.2 Ƙarfin Kwararar Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Haskakawa Dangi

Wannan lanƙwan yana nuna cewa fitar da haske ya kusan daidaita da ƙarfin kwarara a cikin kewayon aiki. Duk da haka, ba daidai ba ne, kuma inganci (fitowar haske na kowane wutar lantarki) yawanci yana raguwa a ƙarfin kwarara mai yawa saboda ƙarar zafin da ake samu. Lanƙwan ya tabbatar da cewa 20mA wurin aiki ne na al'ada wanda ke ba da inganci da fitarwa mai kyau.

5. Bayanan Injiniya da Kwando

5.1 Girman Kwando

Kwandon PLCC-2 yana da girman jiki na 2.20mm (Tsayi) × 1.40mm (Faɗi) × 1.30mm (Tsayi). Duk ƙuntatawa na girman sune ±0.20mm sai dai idan an ƙayyade akan zanen. Kwandon ya haɗa da ruwan tabarau da aka tsara wanda ke haifar da faɗin kusurwar kallo na digiri 120.

5.2 Gane Maɗaurin Mu'amala da Tsarin Gajarta

An gane cathode (maɓalli mara kyau) ta hanyar alama ta musamman akan kwandon, yawanci farin zane ko kusurwa mai santsi kamar yadda aka nuna a zanen. An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa na gajarta (sawu) don shimfiɗar PCB. An tsara wannan tsari ne don tabbatar da haɗin gajarta mai aminci da daidaitawar daidaito yayin gajartar reflow.

6. Jagororin Reflow SMT Gajarta da Sarrafawa

6.1 Bayanin Reflow Gajarta

A matsayin wani ɓangare na matakin MSL 2, dole ne a gajarta wannan LED a cikin sa'o'i 168 (mako 1) na buɗe jakar da ke da ɗanɗano a ƙarƙashin yanayin ɗakin masana'anta (<30°C/60% RH). Tsarin reflow mara gubar (SAC305) na daidaito yana dacewa. Muhimman sigogi sun haɗa da tashi don dumama, yanki don kunna flux, matsakaicin zafin jiki yawanci bai wuce 260°C ba, da kuma lokacin sanyaya mai sarrafawa. Ya kamata a sarrafa takamaiman lokacin sama da ruwa (misali, 217°C) don rage damuwa na zafin jiki akan ɓangaren.

6.2 Hatsarori na Sarrafawa da Ma'ajiya

• Kariya daga ESD:Ko da yake na'urar tana da babban juriya na ESD (8000V HBM), dole ne a bi matakan kariya na ESD na al'ada (abun wuya, tabarma masu ɗaukar lantarki, masu ion) yayin sarrafawa don hana ɓarna.
• Sarrafa Thermal a Aiki:Ya kamata a ƙayyade matsakaicin ƙarfin aikin bayan auna ainihin zafin jiki na kwando a aikace-aikacen. Zafin haɗin gwiwa (T_J) bai kamata ya wuce matsakaicin ƙimar mutuƙa na 120°C ba. Dole ne masu ƙira su yi la'akari da juriya na thermal kuma su tabbatar da isasshiyar sanyaya ta hanyar gajarta PCB da alamun.
• Tsaftacewa:Idan ana buƙatar tsaftacewa bayan gajarta, yi amfani da hanyoyi da kuma kaushi masu dacewa da kayan kwando na filastik don guje wa lalacewa ko canza launi na ruwan tabarau.

7. Bayanan Lulluɓi da Oda

7.1 Ƙayyadaddun Tef da Reeli

Ana samar da ɓangarorin akan tef mai ɗaukar kaya wanda aka nannade akan reeli. Takardar bayanai tana ba da madaidaicin girma don aljihun tef, faɗin tef, tsari, da diamita na reeli. Wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don shirye-shiryen injunan zaɓe da sanyawa ta atomatik.

7.2 Gwajin Dogaro

Samfurin yana fuskantar jerin gwaje-gwajen dogaro bisa jagororin AEC-Q101. Waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya haɗawa da (amma ba'a iyakance su ba) Rayuwar Aiki Mai Zafi (HTOL), Kewayon Zafin Jiki (TC), Zafi Mai Zafi Mai Zafi Reverse Bias (H3TRB), da sauran gwaje-gwajen damuwa don tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin mota.

8. Shawarwari na Ƙirar Aikace-aikace

8.1 Aikace-aikacen Yau da Kullun: Hasken Cikin Mota

Don hasken dashboard, faɗin kusurwar kallo yana da amfani don tabbatar da rabon haske daidaito a cikin manyan faranti ko alamomi. Ana ba da shawarar direba mai ƙarfi na yau da kullun fiye da haɗin ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi/resistor don tabbatar da fitar da haske mai tsayayye ba tare da la'akari da ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba ko zafin jiki ba. Ya kamata a tsara direbar don iyakance ƙarfin kwarara zuwa matakin mai aminci, yawanci 20-30mA, bisa la'akari da thermal.

8.2 Abubuwan Tunani na Ƙira

• Iyaka na Yanzu:Koyaushe yi amfani da resistor na jeri ko, zai fi dacewa, direba mai ƙarfi na yau da kullun.
• Hanya ta Thermal:Ƙara girman yankin tagulla da ke haɗe zuwa gadon thermal na LED (wuraren gajarta) akan PCB don yin aiki azaman sanyaya.
• Ƙirar Haskakawa:Yi la'akari da tsarin fitarwa na digiri 120 yayin ƙirar jagororin haske, masu watsawa, ko ruwan tabarau don cimma sakamakon haskakawa da ake so.

9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Fa'idodi

Idan aka kwatanta da LED ɗin da ba na mota ba, wannan ɓangaren yana ba da mahimman bambance-bambance:

• Cancanta ta Mota (AEC-Q101):Wannan fa'ida ce ta farko, wacce ke nuna cewa an gwada na'urar don jure wa yanayi mai tsanani (matakan zafin jiki, girgiza, ɗanɗano) da ake samu a aikace-aikacen mota.
• Sarrafa Rarrabuwa:Cikakken ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba da rarrabuwar ƙarfin haskakawa suna ba da tsinkayen aiki, mai mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaiton gani.
• Kusurwar Kallo Mai Faɗi:Kusurwar digiri 120 tana da fa'ida ga aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haske mai faɗi, daidaito ba tare da kayan gani na biyu ba.
• Kwando Mai Ƙarfi:Kwandon PLCC-2 yana ba da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau na injiniya da ƙafar gajarta mai aminci.

10. Tambayoyin da ake Yawan Yi (Bisa Sigogin Fasaha)

10.1 Wane ƙarfin wutar lantarki direba ake buƙata don wannan LED?

Dole ne direbar ta samar da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mafi girma fiye da matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na gaba na jerin LED a ƙarƙashin mafi munin yanayi. Don LED guda ɗaya, ana ba da shawarar samar da aƙalla 3.5V don lissafin mafi girman V_Fna 3.3V da ɗan gefe.

10.2 Shin zan iya fitar da wannan LED tare da samarwar 5V da resistor?

Ee, amma yana buƙatar lissafi mai hankali. Misali, a manufa na 20mA tare da V_Fna 3.0V daga samarwar 5V: R = (5V - 3.0V) / 0.020A = 100Ω. Ƙimar ƙarfin resistor zai kasance P = I^2 * R = (0.02^2)*100 = 0.04W, don haka isasshiyar resistor 1/8W ko 1/10W. Duk da haka, inganci yana da ƙasa (~60%), kuma fitar da haske zai bambanta da V_Fbin da kuma sauye-sauyen ƙarfin wutar lantarki.

10.3 LED nawa zan iya haɗawa a jere?

Lambar ta dogara ne akan ƙarfin wutar lantarki na direbarku. Don direban 12V, la'akari da wasu sarari: N = (12V - sarari) / Max V_F. Yin amfani da sararin 2V da 3.3V max: (12-2)/3.3 ≈ 3 LED a jere. Koyaushe duba takardar bayanai na direba.

11. Nazarin Hali na Ƙira na Aikace-aikace

11.1 Ƙirar Hasken Baya na Kulawa na HVAC na Mota

Hali:Hasken alamomin maɓalli huɗu akan farantin sarrafa yanayi. Daidaiton haske da launi suna da mahimmanci.

Matakan Ƙira:

1. Zaɓi LED ɗin daga gwangwanin ƙarfin haskakawa ɗaya (misali, L2: 1000-1200mcd) da kuma gwangwanin chromaticity ɗaya (misali, TC2) don tabbatar da daidaito. 2. Ƙirar saƙon direba mai ƙarfi na yau da kullun ta amfani da takamaiman IC direban LED wanda zai iya samar da fitarwa gabaɗaya na 80mA (4 LED × 20mA). 3. Sanya LED ɗin akan PCB tare da tsakiyar su a jere a ƙarƙashin wuraren da aka watsa na alamomin maɓalli. 4. Yi amfani da abin rufe fuska na gajarta farar LED akan PCB a kusa da LED ɗin don nuna haske sama da kuma inganta inganci. 5. Tabbatar cewa PCB yana da isasshiyar zubar da tagulla mai zafi da ke haɗe zuwa gajarta LED, kamar yadda sararin da ke kewaye zai iya iyakance iskar.

Wannan hanyar tana tabbatar da haske mai aminci, daidaito, da kuma dadewa.

12. Gabatarwa na Ƙa'idar Fasaha

Wannan farar LED ce da aka canza phosphor. Asalin tushen haske shi ne guntuwar semiconductor na indium gallium nitride (InGaN) wanda ke fitar da hasken shuɗi lokacin da aka nuna shi. Wannan hasken shuɗi yana buga wani Layer na cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce) phosphor wanda aka ajiye akan ko kusa da guntun. Phosphor yana ɗaukar wani ɓangare na photons shuɗi kuma ya sake fitar da su azaman hasken rawaya. Haɗin sauran hasken shuɗi da canza hasken rawaya ana ganinsa da idon ɗan adam azaman farin haske. Tabbacin inuwar farin (sanyi, tsaka tsaki, dumi) an ƙaddara shi ta hanyar rabo na hasken shuɗi zuwa rawaya, wanda aka sarrafa shi ta hanyar abun da ke ciki da kauri na phosphor.

13. Trends na Fasaha

Trend a cikin irin waɗannan SMD LED ɗin don mota da kuma hasken gabaɗaya yana zuwa:

Mafi Girman Inganci (lm/W):

Inganta fitar da haske a kowace watt na lantarki, rage amfani da makamashi da kuma kayan aiki na zafi.

Inganta Fitar Launi (CRI):

Yin amfani da gaurayawan phosphor masu yawa don samar da haske wanda ke fitar da launuka daidai, mahimmanci ga hasken yanayi na ciki.

Matsakaicin Daidaiton Launi:Ci gaba a aikace-aikacen phosphor da hanyoyin rarrabuwa suna samar da LED tare da ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin daidaitattun launi.

Ƙara Ƙarfin Ƙarfi:Haɓaka kwando waɗanda zasu iya sarrafa manyan ƙarfin kwarara a cikin sawu ɗaya ko ƙarami, wanda aka ba da izini ta hanyar kayan sarrafa thermal mafi kyau da ƙira.

Haɗin kai:Haɗa guntun LED da yawa ko ɓangarorin direba zuwa cikin kwandon guda ɗaya.

Increased Power Density:Developing packages that can handle higher drive currents in the same or smaller footprint, enabled by better thermal management materials and designs.

Integration:Incorporating multiple LED chips or driver components into a single package module.