Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
- 1.1 Muhimman Siffofi
- 1.2 Lambar Bangare da Ake Samu
- 2. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi
- 3. Matsakaicin Ƙimar Cikakke
- 4. Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Gani
- 4.1 Bayanan Aiki na Yau da Kullun
- 4.2 Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
- 5. Tsarin Rarrabuwa da Rarrabuwa
- 5.1 Rarrabuwar Launi
- 5.2 Rarrabuwar Fitilar Hasken Gani
- 5.3 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
- 5.4 Lambar Kwandon Shara da Alama
- 6. Jagororin Haɗawa da Haɗawa
- 6.1 Bayanin Haɗa ta hanyar Reflow
- 6.2 Muhimman Bayanan Kula na Haɗawa
- 7. Bayanan Gwajin Amincewa
- 8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
- 8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- 8.2 Muhimman Abubuwan Ƙira
- 9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Trends
- 9.1 Matsayin Samfur
- 9.2 Mahallin Masana'antu
1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
Samfurin wani na'urar haɗa LED ne mai faɗin kusurwar haske da girman daidaitacce (SMD). An tsara shi don haɗa tsawon rayuwa da ingantaccen aminci da ke cikin Diodes masu fitar da haske tare da matakin haske wanda ya dace don maye gurbin fasahohin haske na al'ada a aikace-aikace daban-daban. Kunshin yana ba da sassauci a ƙira kuma an yi niyya don haɗa shi cikin tsarin haɗa kai ta atomatik.
1.1 Muhimman Siffofi
- An kunna shi a cikin tef na 8mm akan reels masu diamita 7-inch don sarrafawa ta atomatik.
- Ya dace gaba ɗaya da kayan aikin ɗauka da sanya na atomatik na daidaitacce.
- Ya dace da tsarin haɗa ta hanyar infrared (IR) da kuma tururi (vapor phase reflow).
- Ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun girman kunshin EIA (Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Lantarki).
- An tsara shi don ya dace da matakan tuƙi na guda-guda (IC).
- An ƙera shi azaman samfurin kore kuma ba shi da gubar, yana bin umarnin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa masu haɗari).
1.2 Lambar Bangare da Ake Samu
Takamaiman lambar bangaren da aka rufe a cikin wannan takarda ita ceLTW-K140SXR85, wanda yayi daidai da LED fari mai daidaitaccen zafin launi (CCT) na Kelvin 8500 (K).
2. Bayanin Injiniya da Kunshi
Na'urar tana amfani da tsarin kunshin EIA na daidaitacce. Launin ruwan tabarau rawaya ne, kuma tushen haske ya dogara ne akan fasahar InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) wanda ke fitar da hasken shuɗi, wanda aka canza shi zuwa hasken fari ta hanyar lulluɓin phosphor a cikin ruwan tabarau mai launin rawaya.
Bayanan kula:
- Duk zane-zane masu girma da ƙarancin ƙima ana bayar da su a cikin milimita.
- Ƙimar daidaitacce don girma shine ±0.1 mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka a kan zanen.
3. Matsakaicin Ƙimar Cikakke
Waɗannan ƙimar suna ayyana iyakokin da za su iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar. Duk ƙimar an ƙayyade su a yanayin zafin muhalli (Ta) na 25°C.
| Sigogi | Alama | Ƙima | Naúrar |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rushewar Wutar Lantarki | Po | 280 | mW |
| Ci gaba da Halin Yanzu na Gaba | IF | 80 | mA |
| Halin Yanzu na Gaba na bugun jini | IFP | 105 | mA |
| Kewayon Zafin Aiki | Topr | -40 zuwa +80 | °C |
| Kewayon Zafin Ajiya | Tstg | -40 zuwa +100 | °C |
| Zafin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj | ≤100 | °C |
Muhimman Bayanan Kula:
- Kada a yi amfani da na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙarfin lantarki na baya na tsawon lokaci.
- Ƙimar halin yanzu na bugun jini na gaba (105 mA) tana aiki a ƙarƙashin takamaiman sharuɗɗa: zagayowar aiki 1/10 kuma faɗin bugun jini bai wuce microseconds 100 (μs) ba.
4. Halayen Lantarki da Hasken Gani
Wannan sashe yana ƙididdige mahimman sigogi na aikin LED a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na yau da kullun, da farko a halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 60 mA.
4.1 Bayanan Aiki na Yau da Kullun
| Sigogi | Alama | Ƙimomi | Naúrar | Yanayin Gwaji |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matsakaicin Launi | x, y | Yau da kullun 0.292, 0.306 | - | IF= 60mA |
| Fitilar Hasken Gani | Φv | Ƙarami: 19.4, Yau da kullun: 23.0, Babba: 29.0 | lm | |
| Kusurwar Dubawa (Rabin Kusurwa) | 2θ1/2 | Yau da kullun 120 | digiri | |
| Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba | VF | Ƙarami: 2.9, Yau da kullun: 3.2, Babba: 3.5 | V |
Muhimman Bayanan Kula na Aikace-aikace:
- Fitilar Hasken Gani (Φv):Yana wakiltar jimillar fitowar hasken da ake iya gani wanda aka auna tare da siffar haɗawa. Ana yiwa alamar lambar rarrabuwa a kan kowace jakar tattarawa.
- Launi (x, y):An samo shi daga zanen launi na CIE na 1931. Yakamata a yi amfani da ƙarancin ƙima na ±0.01 ga matsakaicin matsakaici.
- Fitowar Wutar Lantarki ta Electrostatic (ESD):LEDs suna da hankali ga ESD. Hanyoyin sarrafawa da suka dace ta amfani da igiyoyin wuyan hannu, safofin hannu masu hana tashin hankali, da kayan aikin da aka kafa wajibi ne don hana lalacewa.
- Ƙarancin Ƙimar Aunawa:Aunawar fitilar haske tana da izini na ±10%. Aunawar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba tana da izini na ±0.1 V.
- Gudanar da Zafi:Juriya na zafi daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa kushin gudanar (Rjt) sigogi ne mai mahimmanci. Ana ba da ƙimar tunani na 30°C/W lokacin da aka ɗora shi akan takamaiman PCB na Tsakiyar Ƙarfe na Aluminum (MCPCB) na 2.5x2.5x0.17 cm. Gudanar da zafi da ya dace yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye zafin haɗin gwiwa a cikin iyakoki da tabbatar da aiki da tsawon rai.
4.2 Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki
Takardar bayani tana ba da wakilci na hoto da yawa na aikin na'urar:
- Rarraba Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Dangi:Yana nuna ƙarfin hasken da aka fitar a kowane tsayin raƙuman ruwa, yana ayyana halayen launi na hasken fari na 8500K.
- Tsarin Radiation / Halin Kusurwar Dubawa:Yana kwatanta rarraba ƙarfin haske na kusurwa, yana tabbatar da faɗin kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120.
- Halin Yanzu na Gaba da Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa I-V):Mahimmanci ne don ƙirar da'ira, yana nuna alaƙar tsakanin halin yanzu na tuƙi da faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan LED. Lanƙwasa ba ta layi ba ce, kamar yadda ake saba da halayen diode.
- Fitilar Hasken Gani na Dangi da Zafin Haɗin gwiwa:Yana nuna yadda fitowar haske ke raguwa yayin da zafin haɗin gwiwa na LED ke ƙaruwa. Wannan yana nuna mahimmancin gudanar da zafi.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba da Zafin Haɗin gwiwa:Yana nuna ɗan bambanci a cikin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba tare da canje-canje a cikin zafin haɗin gwiwa.
5. Tsarin Rarrabuwa da Rarrabuwa
Don tabbatar da daidaito a cikin samarwa, ana rarraba LEDs zuwa kwandon shara dangane da mahimman sigogi. Wannan yana ba masu ƙira damar zaɓar sassa waɗanda suka cika takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace don launi, haske, da ƙarfin lantarki.
5.1 Rarrabuwar Launi
Ana rarraba LEDs zuwa takamaiman yankuna na launi (matsayi) akan zanen launi na CIE 1931. Takardar bayani tana ayyana matsakaici don matsayi L1 da L5. Ƙarancin ƙima na ±0.01 ya shafi matsakaicin (x, y) a cikin kowane kwandon da aka ayyana.
5.2 Rarrabuwar Fitilar Hasken Gani
Ana rarraba LEDs dangane da jimillar fitowar haskensu a 60 mA.
| ΦvKwandon Shara | Kewayon Fitilar Hasken Gani (lm) a IF= 60 mA | |
|---|---|---|
| Ƙarami | Babba | |
| S0 | 19.4 | 24.0 |
| S1 | 24.0 | 29.0 |
Ƙarancin ƙima akan fitilar haske shine ±10%.
5.3 Rarrabuwar Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba
Hakanan ana rarraba LEDs ta hanyar faɗuwar ƙarfin lantarki na gaba a 60 mA.
| VFKwandon Shara | Kewayon Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V) a IF= 60 mA | |
|---|---|---|
| Ƙarami | Babba | |
| V1 | 2.9 | 3.1 |
| V2 | 3.1 | 3.2 |
| V3 | 3.2 | 3.3 |
| V4 | 3.3 | 3.5 |
Ƙarancin ƙima akan ƙarfin lantarki na gaba shine ±0.1 V.
5.4 Lambar Kwandon Shara da Alama
An kafa cikakkiyar lambar kwandon shara ta hanyar haɗa matsayi daga kowane rukuni: Ƙarfin Lantarki / Fitilar Hasken Gani / Launi (misali, V1/S0/L1). Ana nuna wannan cikakkiyar lambar akan alamar samfur don bin diddigin zaɓi.
6. Jagororin Haɗawa da Haɗawa
6.1 Bayanin Haɗa ta hanyar Reflow
Na'urar ta dace da tsarin haɗa ta hanyar reflow mara gubar. Bayanin da aka ba da shawarar yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewa ta zafi.
| Siffar Bayani | Ƙayyadaddun Haɗawa mara Gubar |
|---|---|
| Matsakaicin Ƙimar Hawa (TSmaxzuwa TP) | 3°C/daƙiƙa max |
| Zafin Dumama Kafin | 150°C zuwa 200°C |
| Lokacin Dumama Kafin | 60–180 daƙiƙa |
| Lokaci Sama da Liquidus (TL= 217°C) | 60–150 daƙiƙa |
| Matsakaicin Zafi (TP) | 260°C max |
| Lokaci a cikin 5°C na Kololuwa (tP) | 5 daƙiƙa max |
| Ƙimar Saukewa | 6°C/daƙiƙa max |
| Jimlar Lokaci 25°C zuwa Kololuwa | 8 mintuna max |
6.2 Muhimman Bayanan Kula na Haɗawa
- Hanyoyin Haɗawa:Haɗa ta hanyar reflow shine na farko. Haɗa ta hannu yana yiwuwa amma yana iyakance ga 350°C na matsakaicin daƙiƙa 2, sau ɗaya kawai. Ana iya yin reflow har sau uku a matsakaicin yanayin da aka ƙayyade.
- Tunani na Zafi:Duk zafin bayanin yana nufin saman jikin kunshin.
- Hankalin Danshi:LEDs suna da hankali ga danshi. Idan an cire su daga ainihin kunshinsu na bushewa fiye da sa'o'i 168 (mako 1), dole ne a gasa su a 60°C na mintuna 60 kafin haɗawa don hana "popcorning" ko rabuwa yayin reflow.
- Ajiya:Don ajiya mai tsayi a waje da ainihin jakar, yi amfani da akwati mai rufewa tare da desiccant ko yanayin nitrogen.
- Sanyaya:Kauce wa sanyaya cikin sauri (quenching) daga matsakaicin zafi.
- Dokar Gabaɗaya:Koyaushe yi amfani da mafi ƙarancin zafin haɗawa wanda ke cimma haɗin gwiwa mai aminci.
- Haɗa ta hanyar Wave/Dip:Ba a ba da shawarar ko garanti wannan hanyar don wannan kunshin SMD ba.
7. Bayanan Gwajin Amincewa
Samfurin ya sha jerin gwaje-gwajen amincin daidaitacce. Sakamakon yana nuna ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin matsi daban-daban na muhalli da aiki. Duk gwaje-gwajen da aka jera an gudanar da su tare da girman samfurin guda 20, kuma ba a ba da rahoton gazawa ba.
| No. | Abun Gwaji | Yanayin Gwaji | Tsawon Lokaci | Gaza |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rayuwar Aiki mai Zafi (HTOL) | Ts=85°C, IF=60mA | 1000 hrs | 0/20 |
| 2 | Rayuwar Aiki mai Sanyi (LTOL) | Ta=-40°C, IF=60mA | 1000 hrs | 0/20 |
| 3 | Rayuwar Aiki mai Zafi/Danshi | 60°C / 90% RH, IF=60mA | 500 hrs | 0/20 |
| 4 | Rayuwar Aiki mai Danshi na Bugun Jini | 60°C/90%RH, IF=60mA, 30min aiki/kashe | 500 hrs | 0/20 |
| 5 | Ajiya mai Zafi (HTS) | 100°C | 1000 hrs | 0/20 |
| 6 | Ajiya mai Sanyi (LTS) | -40°C | 1000 hrs | 0/20 |
| 7 | Zagayowar Zafi (TC) | -40°C ↔ 100°C, 30min zama | 200 zagayowar | 0/20 |
| 8 | Girgiza Zafi (TS) | -40°C ↔ 100°C, 20min zama | 200 zagayowar | 0/20 |
8. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace da Abubuwan Ƙira
8.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun
- Hasken Nuna Gabaɗaya:Masu nuna matsayi, fitilun kunna wuta, hasken baya don bangon wayoyi ko maɓallai.
- Hasken Kayan Ado da Gine-gine:Hasken jigo, hasken siffa, da sauran aikace-aikace inda ake son faɗin haske mai daidaito.
- Kayan Lantarki na Masu Amfani:Hasken baya don ƙananan nuni, hasken maɓalli, ko abubuwan ado a cikin na'urori.
- Hasken Ciki na Motoci:Fitilun taswira, hasken ƙafar ƙafa, ko wasu aikace-aikacen da ba na waje ba (wanda ya dogara da ƙarin cancanta don ƙa'idodin motoci).
8.2 Muhimman Abubuwan Ƙira
- Tukin Halin Yanzu:Koyaushe ku tuka LED tare da tushen halin yanzu na akai, ba ƙarfin lantarki na akai ba. Halin yanzu na tuƙi na yau da kullun shine 60 mA, amma dole ne da'ira ta iyakance matsakaicin halin yanzu zuwa 80 mA ci gaba. Resistan iyakance halin yanzu na jerin da aka yi amfani da shi tare da tushen ƙarfin lantarki hanya ce mai sauƙi, amma don kwanciyar hankali akan bambancin zafi da ƙarfin lantarki, ana ba da shawarar takamaiman LED tukin IC.
- Gudanar da Zafi:Wannan shine mafi mahimmancin al'amarin ƙirar LED don aiki da tsawon rai. Rushewar wutar lantarki na 280 mW (a 60 mA, 3.2V = 192 mW na yau da kullun) dole ne a fitar da shi yadda ya kamata daga haɗin gwiwar LED. Yi amfani da bayanan juriya na zafi da aka bayar (Rjt=30°C/W) don ƙididdige isasshen gudanar da zafi don kiyaye Tjƙasa da 100°C. Misali, akan MCPCB na tunani, tare da muhalli na 50°C da rushewar 192 mW, Tjzai kasance kusan 50°C + (0.192W * 30°C/W) = 55.8°C, wanda yake lafiya.
- Ƙirar Hasken Gani:Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120 yana ba da faɗin haske mai faɗi, mai watsewa. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarin haske mai mai da hankali, za a buƙaci na'urorin gani na biyu (ruwan tabarau ko masu nuni).
- Kariya daga ESD:Haɗa diodes kariya daga ESD akan alamun PCB da aka haɗa zuwa LED, musamman a cikin yanayin da ke da saurin fitar da wutar lantarki ta tsaye.
- Rarrabuwa don Daidaito:Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar daidaitaccen launi ko haske a cikin LEDs da yawa, ƙayyade ƙananan kwandon shara (misali, matsayi launi ɗaya da kwandon shara na fitilar haske) lokacin yin oda.
9. Kwatancen Fasaha da Trends
9.1 Matsayin Samfur
LTW-K140SXR85 yana wakiltar kunshin LED na SMD mai cikakken girma, daidaitacce. Babban fa'idodinsa sune dacewarsa da haɗa kai ta atomatik, ingantaccen aminci da aka tabbatar, da samuwa mai yawa. Idan aka kwatanta da sabbin, ƙananan kayan haɗi (misali, 0402, 0201), yana ba da fitowar haske mafi girma kuma yana iya samun ingantaccen aikin zafi saboda girman sa. Idan aka kwatanta da manyan, manyan kayan haɗin LED, yana da sauƙin haɗawa kuma yana buƙatar ƙirar tuƙi da gudanar da zafi mai rikitarwa.
9.2 Mahallin Masana'antu
Motsi zuwa mara gubar (mai bin RoHS) da ƙirar kore an karɓe shi gaba ɗaya a cikin wannan samfurin. Bayanin reflow da aka ƙayyade ya yi daidai da tsarin haɗawa mara gubar na zamani da ake amfani da su a duk faɗin masana'antar lantarki. Trend a cikin hasken ƙwaƙƙwaran yana ci gaba zuwa ingantacciyar inganci (ƙarin lumens kowace watt), amma wannan daidaitaccen kunshin yana kasancewa mai dacewa don aikace-aikacen inda ingantacciyar inganci ba ta da mahimmanci fiye da farashi, aminci, da sauƙin amfani.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |