Bayanan LED 3.2x1.6x0.7mm Yellow-Green - Ƙarfin wutar lantarki 1.8V-2.4V - Ƙarfin aiki 72mW - Tsawon tsayuwar haske 562.5-575nm - Takardun fasaha

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta ba da cikakken bayanin fasaha na LED SMD yellow-green wanda aka tsara don nunawa da kuma alamomi na gabaɗaya. Na'urar tana amfani da girman 3.2mm x 1.6mm x 0.7mm (wanda aka fi sani da 3216 ko 1206) kuma an yi ta ta amfani da chip yellow-green mai inganci. Tare da kusurwar gani mai faɗi sosai na digiri 140, ta dace da aikace-aikace da ke buƙatar haske iri ɗaya a fadin yanki mai faɗi. LED ta bi ka'idojin RoHS kuma ta cika Moisture Sensitivity Level 3 (MSL3), wanda ke tabbatar da dacewa da tsarin hadawa SMT na yau da kullun. Abubuwan da ke da muhimmanci sun haɗa da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki, kwanciyar hankali na launi, da kariya daga electrostatic discharge (ESD) har zuwa 2000V (HBM). Na'urar tana samuwa a cikin bins na haske, tsawon tsayuwa, da ƙarfin wutar lantarki, wanda ke ba masu tsara damar zaɓar mafi kyawun haɗin don buƙatunsu na musamman.

2. Binciken Sigogi na Fasaha

2.1 Halin Lantarki da na Gani (a T_s=25°C)

Ana auna sigogi masu zuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 20mA sai dai in an lura da akasin haka:

• Faɗin Rabin Bakan (Δλ):Yawanci 15nm. Wannan faɗin bakan kunkuntar yana nuna fitowar launi mai tsafta.
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (V_F):An raba shi zuwa ƙungiyoyi uku: B0 (1.8–2.0V), C0 (2.0–2.2V), da D0 (2.2–2.4V). Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin yana ba da damar aiki mai inganci a cikin da'irori masu ƙarancin wutar.
• Tsawon Tsayuwa na Farko (λ_D):Yana daga 562.5nm zuwa 575nm, wanda ya ƙunshi bins da yawa (A20, B10, B20, C10, C20). Wannan yanki na yellow-green ana amfani da shi don alamomi na matsayi da sigina na gargaɗi.
• Ƙarfin Haske (I_V):Yana daga 12mcd (bin B00) har zuwa 100mcd (bin F20), yana ba da sassauci don buƙatun haske daban-daban.
• Kusurwar Gani (2θ_1/2):Yawanci 140°, yana tabbatar da rarraba haske mai faɗi.
• Ƙarfin Komawa (I_R):Matsakaicin 10µA a V_R=5V, yana nuna iyawar toshewa mai kyau.
• Juriyar Zafin Jiki (R_THJ-S):450°C/W (daga junction zuwa wurin solder). Wannan ƙimar mai girma tana buƙatar kulawar zafin jiki a hankali a aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai yawa ko yawan na'urori.

2.2 Matsakaicin Ƙimar Da Ba Za a Ƙetare Ba

Ba dole ba ne a yi amfani da na'urar fiye da iyakoki masu zuwa don guje wa lalacewa ta dindindin:

• Ƙarfin Aiki (P_d): 72 mW
• Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki (I_F): 30 mA (DC), 60 mA (pulse, 1/10 duty, 0.1ms pulse width)
• ESD (HBM): 2000 V
• Zafin Aiki (T_opr): –40 zuwa +85°C
• Zafin Ajiya (T_stg): –40 zuwa +85°C
• Zafin Junction (T_j): 95°C

Lura: Dole ne a rage matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki dangane da ainihin zafin marufi don tabbatar da cewa zafin junction bai wuce iyakar da aka ƙayyade ba.

2.3 Halayen Zafin Jiki

Juriyar zafin jiki na 450°C/W yana nuna haɓakar zafin jiki mai mahimmanci a kowace naúrar ƙarfin da aka bazu. Misali, a 20mA tare da V_F=2.0V (40mW bazuwa), haɓakar zafin jiki daga junction zuwa wurin solder yana kusan 18°C. A yanayin zafi sama da 65°C, ana buƙatar ragewa don kiyaye junction ƙasa da 95°C. Ya kamata kulawar zafin jiki ta yi la'akari da yankin jan ƙarfe na PCB, tsarin vias, da kwararar iska.

3. Tsarin Binning

3.1 Bins na Tsawon Tsayuwa

Tsawon tsayuwa na farko an rarraba shi zuwa bins biyar: A20 (562.5–565nm), B10 (565–567.5nm), B20 (567.5–570nm), C10 (570–572.5nm), da C20 (572.5–575nm). Wannan binning mai kyau yana ba masu tsara tsarin damar cimma daidaiton launi a tsakanin LEDs da yawa a cikin jeri, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga hasken baya ko alamomi.

3.2 Bins na Ƙarfin Haske

An rarraba ƙarfin haske zuwa bins shida: B00 (12–18mcd), C00 (18–28mcd), D00 (28–43mcd), E00 (43–65mcd), F10 (65–80mcd), da F20 (80–100mcd). Kowace bin tana wakiltar kewayon kusan 1.5×, yana ba da damar sarrafa daidaiton haske sosai.

3.3 Bins na Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki

An raba ƙarfin wutar lantarki zuwa bins uku: B0 (1.8–2.0V), C0 (2.0–2.2V), da D0 (2.2–2.4V). Wannan yana taimakawa wajen tsara resistors masu iyakance wutar lantarki da kuma tabbatar da bazuwar ƙarfin daidai a cikin tsarin layi daya.

4. Binciken Lanƙwasa Ayyuka

4.1 Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki vs. Ƙarfin Yanzu (I-V Curve)

Lanƙwasa I-V na yau da kullun tana nuna gwiwa mai kaifi a kusa da 1.8V, tare da ƙarfin yanzu yana tashi sosai bayan 2.0V. A 20mA, V_Fyana kusan 2.0V (yau da kullun). Lanƙwasan tana nuna cewa na'urar tana aiki kamar diode p-n junction na yau da kullun.

4.2 Ƙarfin Haske vs. Ƙarfin Yanzu

Ƙarfin haske yana ƙaruwa kusan daidai da ƙarfin yanzu har zuwa 30mA. A 10mA, ƙarfin haske yana kusan 50% na ƙimar a 20mA; a 30mA ya kai kusan 150%. Wannan daidaito yana sauƙaƙa rage haske ta hanyar sarrafa ƙarfin yanzu.

4.3 Halayen Zafin Jiki

Yayin da zafin pin ke tashi daga 25°C zuwa 100°C, ƙarfin haske yana raguwa da kusan 10–15%. Lanƙwasa rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki tana nuna cewa a zafin pin sama da 60°C, dole ne a rage matsakaicin ƙarfin DC da aka halatta don guje wa wuce iyakar zafin junction.

4.4 Tsawon Tsayuwa na Farko vs. Ƙarfin Yanzu

Tsawon tsayuwa na farko yana canzawa kadan (kusan 1–2nm) lokacin da ƙarfin yanzu ya ƙaru daga 5mA zuwa 30mA. Wannan canjin yana cikin juriyar binning kuma gabaɗaya ba shi da mahimmanci ga yawancin aikace-aikace.

4.5 Rarraba Bakan

Rarraba ƙarfin bakan na dangantaka ya fi girma a kusa da 570nm tare da cikakken faɗin rabin iyaka (FWHM) na ~15nm. Bakan yana nuna ƙananan kololuwa na biyu, yana tabbatar da tsaftar launi mai girma.

4.6 Tsarin Radiyoyin

Tsarin radiyoyin yana kama da Lambertian tare da rabin kusurwa na ~70°, yana ba da haske iri ɗaya a kan kusurwa mai faɗi. Hoton yana nuna ƙarfin haske yana raguwa zuwa 50% a kusan ±70° daga axis.

5. Bayanin Injiniya da Marufi

5.1 Girman Marufi

LED tana cikin marufi na 3.2mm × 1.6mm × 0.7mm tare da pads na solder a ƙasa. Duban sama yana nuna yanki mai haske mai murabba'i; duban ƙasa yana nuna pads guda biyu (pad 1 da pad 2). Ana nuna polarity ta wata alama kaɗan a kan marufi. Tsarin ƙasar da aka ba da shawarar ya haɗa da pad na 1.6mm × 1.5mm don anode da kuma pad na 2.1mm × 1.6mm don cathode, tare da jimillar 4.4mm × 1.6mm.

5.2 Tsarin Solder Pad

Don haɗin solder mai dogaro, ya kamata tsarin PCB ya dace da tsarin da aka ba da shawarar: tazara na 0.30mm tsakanin pads da kuma yankunan jan ƙarfe masu yawa don tafiyar da zafin jiki. An tsara marufi don reflow soldering; ana halatta soldering da hannu tare da zafin iron ƙasa da 300°C da tsawon lokaci ƙasa da daƙiƙa 3.

6. Jagororin Solder da Hadawa

6.1 Tsarin Reflow Soldering

Tsarin reflow maras gubar da aka ba da shawarar ya ƙayyade ƙimar hawan ≤3°C/s zuwa yankin preheat (150–200°C na 60–120s), sai kuma hawan zuwa 217°C (lokaci sama da 217°C: 60–150s), da kuma zafin kololuwa na 260°C har zuwa 10s. Ya kamata ƙimar sanyaya ta kasance ≤6°C/s. Jimillar lokaci daga 25°C zuwa kololuwa bai kamata ya wuce mintuna 8 ba. Kada a yi fiye da zagaye biyu na reflow; idan tazara tsakanin zagaye ta wuce sa'o'i 24, dole ne a gasa LEDs don cire danshi.

6.2 Solder da Hannu da Sake Aiki

Idan ba za a iya guje wa solder da hannu ba, yi amfani da iron solder da aka saita ƙasa da 300°C kuma ka kammala haɗin cikin daƙiƙa 3. An halatta aikin solder da hannu guda ɗaya kawai. Don sake aiki, ana ba da shawarar amfani da iron mai kai biyu don dumama duka tashoshi a lokaci guda. Kada a yi amfani da ƙarfin injiniya a jikin LED yayin ko bayan solder.

6.3 Ajiya da Mu'amala

Ana iya adana buhunan da ba a buɗe ba a ≤30°C da ≤75% RH har zuwa shekara guda. Bayan buɗewa, dole ne a yi amfani da LEDs cikin sa'o'i 168 a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Idan desiccant ya ɓace ko kuma lokacin ajiya ya wuce, gasa a 60±5°C na tsawon sa'o'i >24 kafin amfani. Koyaushe yi amfani da tweezers a gefen marufi; ka guji taɓa ruwan tabarau na silicone kai tsaye.

7. Bayanin Marufi da Oda

7.1 Tape na Jirgin Ruwa da Reel

Ana ba da LEDs a cikin tape na 8mm mai faɗi tare da tazara na 4mm. Kowace reel tana ƙunshe da guda 4000. Tape ɗin ya haɗa da tape mai rufi da alamar polarity. Girman reel: diamita na waje 178±1mm, diamita na hub 60±1mm, da faɗi 8.0±0.1mm.

7.2 Lakabi da Buhun Kariya na Danshi

Kowace reel an yi mata lakabi da lambar sashi, lambar spec, lambar lot, lambar bin (flux, chromaticity, voltage, wavelength), adadi, da kwanan wata. Reel ɗin an rufe shi a cikin buhun kariya na danshi tare da desiccant da kati mai nuna danshi (ba a nuna ba). Hakanan an haɗa lakabin gargaɗin ESD.

7.3 Akwatin Jigilar Kaya

Ana tattara reels a cikin akwatuna na kwali don jigilar kaya. Akwatin na waje an yi masa alama da sunan masana'anta (an bar shi don sirri) da bayanin samfur.

8. Abubuwan Gwajin Aminci da Yanayi

LED ta ci jarrabawar gwajin aminci masu zuwa ba tare da gazawa ba (Ac/Re 0/1):

• Reflow (260°C max, 10s, zagaye 2)
• Zagaye na Zafin Jiki (–40°C zuwa 100°C, tsawon zama 30min, zagaye 100)
• Girgizawar Zafin Jiki (–40°C zuwa 100°C, tsawon zama 15min, zagaye 300)
• Ajiya a Zafin Jiki Mai Girma (100°C, sa'o'i 1000)
• Ajiya a Zafin Jiki Mai ƙanƙanta (–40°C, sa'o'i 1000)
• Gwajin Rayuwa (T_a=25°C, I_F=20mA, sa'o'i 1000)

Ma'aunin gazawa: V_F> 1.1× iyakar spec na sama, I_R> 2.0× iyakar spec na sama, ko ƙarfin haske<0.7× iyakar spec na ƙasa.

9. Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace

Wannan LED yellow-green ta dace da alamomi na gani, hasken baya na maɓalli da alamomi, da nunin matsayi na gabaɗaya. Saboda kusurwar gani mai faɗi, ta dace musamman ga fitilun dashboard, hasken maɓallan turawa, da alamomi ƙanana. Ya kamata masu tsara su haɗa da resistors masu iyakance wutar lantarki don hana wuce gona da iri. A aikace-aikace da ke da yanayin zafi mai girma ko kuma yawan LEDs, binciken zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye zafin junction ƙasa da 95°C.

10. Kwatancen Fasaha

Idan aka kwatanta da LEDs yellow-green na al'ada masu ratsa rami, wannan nau'in SMD yana ba da ƙananan girma, dacewa da hadawa ta atomatik, da kuma mafi kyawun daidaito a kusurwar gani. Faɗin bakan kunkuntar (15nm) yana ba da launi mai cikawa fiye da wasu zaɓuɓɓuka masu faɗin bakan. Zaɓuɓɓukan binning da yawa suna ba da damar daidaiton launi da haske sosai, wanda yake da muhimmanci ga nunin manyan matsayi. Duk da haka, juriyar zafin jiki na 450°C/W ya ɗan yi girma; sabbin ƙira tare da ingantaccen kulawar zafin jiki na iya ba da ƙananan ƙima (misali, 200–300°C/W), don haka ana ba da shawarar tsarin PCB a hankali.

11. Tambayoyin da Aka Yi Yawa

Tambaya ta 1: Zan iya tuka wannan LED a 30mA akai-akai?
Ee, amma kawai idan an kiyaye zafin marufi ƙasa da ƙasa don zafin junction ya kasance ƙasa da 95°C. A yanayin zafi na 25°C na yau da kullun, 30mA yana da aminci. A yanayin zafi mafi girma, rage yadda ya kamata.

Tambaya ta 2: Menene yanayin ajiya da aka ba da shawarar bayan buɗe buhun?
Ajiye a ≤30°C da ≤60% RH. Yi amfani da shi cikin sa'o'i 168. Idan ya wuce, gasa a 60°C na tsawon sa'o'i >24.

Tambaya ta 3: Ta yaya zan iya hana lalacewar ESD?
Yi amfani da wuraren aiki da aka ƙasa, kayan aiki masu gudanarwa, da marufi marasa static. LED tana da ƙimar ESD na 2000V (HBM), amma ana ba da shawarar yin taka tsantsan.

Tambaya ta 4: Zan iya amfani da wannan LED a aikace-aikace na waje?
Kewayon zafin aiki yana daga –40 zuwa +85°C, wanda ya rufe yawancin yanayin waje. Duk da haka, ba a ƙayyade LED don fallasa kai tsaye ga UV ko danshi mai yawa ba tare da ƙarin rufin conformal ba.

12. Amfani Ayyuka

A cikin ƙira na yau da kullun, ana sanya LEDs yellow-green guda shida a kusa da maɓallin turawa don ba da nuni na 360°. Kusurwar gani mai faɗi 140° yana tabbatar da ganuwa daga kowace hanya. Resistor mai iyakance wutar lantarki na 100Ω (don samar da 5V) yana saita ƙarfin yanzu zuwa kusan 30mA kowace LED, yana ba da haske mai haske. Ƙananan girma yana ba da damar ɗorawa a kan PCB mai ƙanƙanta a cikin gidan maɓalli. Wani amfani shine a cikin nuni na caja na baturi: LEDs uku — ja, yellow-green, da shuɗi — suna nuna matsayin caji. LED yellow-green tana haskaka lokacin da caji ya ƙare, tare da binning na ƙarfin haske don dacewa da ja da shuɗi a gani.

13. Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan LED diode ne na p-n junction da aka yi daga gallium phosphide (GaP) ko kayan da ke da alaƙa waɗanda ke fitar da photons lokacin da electrons suka haɗu da ramuka a yankin aiki. Ƙarfin bandgap yana dacewa da tsawon tsayuwa a cikin bakan yellow-green (kusan 570 nm). Chip ɗin an rufe shi a cikin ruwan tabarau na silicone mai haske wanda ke siffanta fitowar haske zuwa katako mai faɗi. Marufi ya haɗa da tashoshi biyu (anode da cathode) don haɗi zuwa da'irar tuki.

14. Yanayin Ci gaba

Yayin da fasahar LED ke ci gaba, muna ganin yanayi zuwa ƙananan marufi (misali, 2.0×1.2mm), mafi girman ingancin haske (sama da 150 lm/W ga kore), da ƙananan juriyar zafin jiki ta hanyar kayan substrate na ci gaba. Ƙudurin binning yana ƙara zama mafi kyau, yana ba da damar bins na tsawon tsayuwa na 0.5nm. Bugu da ƙari, haɗin gwiwa tare da driver ICs masu hankali da hanyoyin sadarwa na dijital ya zama ruwan dare a cikin hasken wuta mai wayo. Launin yellow-green ya kasance mai mahimmanci ga aminci da alamomi, kuma ana sa ran amfani da shi a aikace-aikacen motoci da masana'antu zai ƙaru.