Takardar Bayanin Fasaha na LED na PLCC-2 Mai Duba Daga Gefe - Girman 3.2x2.8x1.9mm - Ƙarfin Lantarki 2.2V - Wutar Lantarki 0.11W

1. Bayanin Samfur

Wannan takarda ta yi cikakken bayani game da ƙayyadaddun bayanai na LED mai ƙarfi, mai fitar da haske mai rawaya, wanda ake dubawa daga gefe, a cikin fakitin PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) da ake haɗawa a saman. An ƙera shi da farko don yanayi masu ƙarfi, yana da ƙirar ƙarfi, ƙarfin haske mai ƙarfi, da faɗin kusurwar dubawa, wanda ya sa ya zama zaɓi mai kyau don amfani a cikin hasken baya da alamomin nuni inda sarari ya ƙunƙunta kuma amincin aiki ya fi muhimmanci.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali da Kasuwar Da Ake Nufi

Babban fa'idodin wannan ɓangaren LED sun haɗa da ƙirarsa ta gefe wacce ke ba da damar haskakawa daga gefen PCB, ƙwararrun fitar da haske gwargwadon girman fakitinsa, da ƙarin takaddun shaida na amincin aiki. An ƙera shi musamman don kasuwannin da ke buƙatar dorewa na dogon lokaci da kwanciyar hankali na aiki. Babban aikace-aikacen da ake nufi shi neHasken Cikin Mota, kamar hasken baya don maɓallai, alamomin dashboard, da kuma kwamfutoci. Ƙwarewarsa ta sa ya dace da wasu aikace-aikace inda juriya ga abubuwan muhalli kamar sulfur da yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi ya zama dole.

2. Bincike Mai Zurfi na Sigogi na Fasaha

Fahimtar cikakken sigogi na lantarki, haske, da zafi yana da muhimmanci don ƙirar da'irar da ta dace da tabbatar da amincin aiki na dogon lokaci.

2.1 Halayen Haske da Na'urar Gani

An ayyana babban aikin LED a ƙarƙashin daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na halin yanzu na gaba (I_F) na 50mA.

• Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Haske (I_V):2800 millicandelas (mcd). Wannan ma'auni ne na hasken da ake gani a wata takamaiman hanya. Ƙaramin ƙimar da aka tabbatar shine 2240 mcd, kuma matsakaicin zai iya kaiwa har zuwa 4500 mcd, yana nuna yuwuwar bambancin ɓangaren zuwa ɓangaren da tsarin rarraba (binning) ya rufe.
• Kusurwar Dubawa (2θ_½):Digiri 120. Wannan faɗin kusurwar dubawa yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen haskakawa a kan faɗin yanki, wanda yake da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen dubawa daga gefe inda ake buƙatar watsa haske a gefe.
• Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye (λ_d):591 nm (Matsakaici), tare da kewayon daga 588 nm zuwa 594 nm. Wannan sigogi yana ayyana launin hasken rawaya da ake gani. Matsakaicin jurewa (±1nm) yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen fitar da launi a cikin batutuwan samarwa daban-daban.

Ma'aunin ƙwararrun haske yana da matsakaicin jurewa na ±11%, kuma duk ma'aunai an yi la'akari da su zuwa yanayin zafi na 25°C.

2.2 Sigogi na Lantarki da Zafi

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (V_F):2.20V (Matsakaici) a 50mA, tare da kewayon daga 1.75V zuwa 2.75V. Wannan sigogi yana da mahimmanci don ƙirar da'irar iyakance halin yanzu. Matsakaicin jurewar ma'auni shine ±0.05V.
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba (I_F):An ƙididdige na'urar don ci gaba da halin yanzu na gaba tsakanin 5 mA (matsakaicin don aiki) da 70 mA (matsakaicin cikakke). Matsakaicin halin yanzu na aiki shine 50mA.
• Juriya ga Zafi:An ba da ƙimomi biyu:
  • R_{thJS na Gaskiya}:85 K/W (Matsakaici), 100 K/W (Matsakaici). Wannan yana wakiltar ainihin juriya ga zafi daga haɗin semiconductor zuwa wurin solder.
  • R_{thJS na Lantarki}:60 K/W (Matsakaici), 85 K/W (Matsakaici). Ana samun wannan sau da yawa daga hanyoyin auna lantarki kuma yawanci ya fi ƙimar gaskiya ƙasa. Masu ƙira yakamata su yi amfani daƘimar R_{thJS na Gaskiya}(85 K/W) don daidaitattun lissafin sarrafa zafi don tabbatar da cewa yanayin zafi na haɗin gwiwa (T_J) bai wuce matsakaicin ƙididdigensa ba.

3. Matsakaicin Matsayin Aiki da Amincewa

Wuce waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa ta dindindin ga na'urar.

• Rashin Wutar Lantarki (P_d):192 mW.
• Yanayin Zafi na Haɗin gwiwa (T_J):125 °C.
• Yanayin Zafi na Aiki (T_opr):-40 °C zuwa +110 °C. Wannan faɗin kewayon yana da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen mota.
• Yanayin Zafi na Ajiya (T_stg):-40 °C zuwa +110 °C.
• Hankalin ESD (HBM):2 kV. Wannan yana nuna matsakaicin matakin kariya daga fitar da lantarki mai tsauri. Yakamata a bi tsarin sarrafa ESD da ya daka yayin haɗawa.
• Halin Yanzu na Ƙarfafawa (I_FM):100 mA don bugun jini ≤10 μs tare da ƙaramin aiki mai ƙarfi (D=0.005).
• Ƙarfin Sulfur:Aji A1. Wannan takaddun shaida yana nuna cewa resin da kayan LED suna da juriya ga lalacewa da yanayi mai ɗauke da sulfur ke haifarwa, wanda ke zama matsala a cikin wasu yanayin masana'antu da na mota.
• Solder:Yana jure reflow soldering a 260°C na dakika 30.
• Bin Ka'idoji:Bangaren yana bin ka'idojin RoHS, REACH, kuma ba shi da Halogen (Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm).

4. Bincike na Lankwasa Ayyuka

Takardar bayanan ta ba da jadawali da yawa waɗanda ke kwatanta halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

4.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lankwasa I-V)

Jadawalin yana nuna alaƙar da ta dace da LED. A wurin aikin da aka shawarci na 50mA, ƙarfin lantarki yana tsakiya kusan 2.2V. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar da cewa da'irar direba na iya samar da tsayayyen halin yanzu a cikin wannan taga ƙarfin lantarki.

4.2 Ƙarfin Haske Dangane da Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan lankwasa tana nuna cewa fitar da haske yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu amma yana fara nuna alamun cikawa a halin yanzu mafi girma (kusan 70mA). Yin aiki a 50mA yana ba da daidaito mai kyau tsakanin haske da inganci/samar da zafi.

4.3 Dogaro da Yanayin Zafi

Jadawali uku masu mahimmanci suna kwatanta tasirin zafi:Ƙarfin Haske Dangane da Yanayin Zafi na Haɗin gwiwa:Fitar da haske yana raguwa yayin da zafi ke ƙaruwa. A matsakaicin yanayin zafi na haɗin gwiwa na 125°C, fitarwa shine kusan 60-70% na ƙimarsa a 25°C. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan a cikin lissafin haske don yanayin zafi mai girma.Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba Dangane da Yanayin Zafi na Haɗin gwiwa:Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana da ƙimar zafi mara kyau, yana raguwa da kusan 2mV/°C. Wannan halayen na iya amfani da shi wani lokaci don jin yanayin zafi kai tsaye.Tsawon Zango Dangane da Yanayin Zafi na Haɗin gwiwa:Tsawon zango mai rinjaye yana ɗan canzawa tare da yanayin zafi (kusan +0.1 nm/°C). Wannan gabaɗaya ba shi da mahimmanci ga aikace-aikacen nuni na rawaya amma an lura da shi don amfani mai mahimmanci na launi.

4.4 Lankwasa Rage Halin Yanzu na Gaba

Wannan jadawali ne mai mahimmanci ga amincin aiki. Yana nuna matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka yarda da shi a matsayin aikin yanayin zafi na ƙafar solder (T_S). Misali, a yanayin zafi na ƙafa na 110°C, matsakaicin halin yanzu da aka yarda da shi ya ragu zuwa 55mA. A matsakaicin yanayin zafi na ƙafa, dole ne a rage halin yanzu zuwa 5mA. Dole ne a yi amfani da wannan lankwasa don tabbatar da cewa ba a yi amfani da LED fiye da kima don yanayin aiki.

4.5 Ƙarfin Karɓar Bugun Jini

Wannan jadawalin yana ayyana matsakaicin halin yanzu na bugun jini guda ɗaya wanda LED zai iya ɗauka don ɗan gajeren lokaci (microseconds zuwa milliseconds) a cikin ayyuka daban-daban. Yana ba da damar ƙira waɗanda ke buƙatar walƙiya masu ƙarfi, gajere.

5. Bayanin Tsarin Rarraba (Binning)

Don sarrafa bambance-bambancen samarwa, ana rarraba LED zuwa rukunin ayyuka. Yiwuwar lambar ɓangaren ta ƙunshi lambobin da ke ƙayyade rukuninsa don sigogi masu mahimmanci.

5.1 Rarraba Ƙarfin Haske

Teburin da aka bayar ya lissafa tsarin rarraba mai yawa daga L1 (11.2-14 mcd) har zuwa GA (18000-22400 mcd). Bangaren na yau da kullun, tare da 2800 mcd, ya faɗi cikinCAbin (2800-3550 mcd). Dole ne masu ƙira su ƙayyade rukunin ƙarfin da ake buƙata don tabbatar da daidaitaccen haske a cikin duk raka'a a cikin samfur.

5.2 Rarraba Tsawon Zango Mai Rinjaye

Ana rarraba tsawon zango a matakai na 3nm. Matsakaicin ƙimar 591 nm yayi daidai da8891bin (588-591 nm) ko9194bin (591-594 nm). Ƙayyade ƙunƙuntaccen rukunin tsawon zango yana da mahimmanci ga daidaiton launi, musamman a cikin tsararrun LED da yawa.

5.3 Rarraba Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba

Guntun yana nuna lambar rukunin ƙarfin lantarki "1012" tare da kewayon 1.0V zuwa 1.2V, wanda da alama bai dace da matsakaicin 2.2V ba. Wannan na iya zama kuskure a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ko kuma yana nufin wani bambancin samfur. Yawanci, V_Fana rarraba shi a matakai kamar 0.1V ko 0.2V (misali, 2.0-2.2V, 2.2-2.4V).

6. Bayanin Injiniya, Tufafi & Tari

6.1 Girman Injiniya da Polarity

LED yana amfani da daidaitaccen fakitin PLCC-2 da ake haɗawa a saman. An ayyana ainihin girmansa (tsayi, faɗi, tsayi) da tsarin ƙafa a cikin sashin zanen injiniya. Fakitin ya haɗa da ruwan tabarau da aka ƙera don cimma kusurwar dubawa na digiri 120. Ana nuna polarity ta hanyar alamar cathode a jikin fakitin; haɗa na'urar a cikin karkatar da baya ba a ƙera shi don aiki ba.

6.2 Shawarar Ƙirar Ƙafar Solder da Yanayin Reflow

An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa (ƙirar ƙafar solder) don tabbatar da ingantaccen solder da kwanciyar hankali na injiniya. An ƙayyade yanayin reflow soldering a matsayin matsakaicin zafi na 260°C na dakika 30 matsakaici. Yin bin wannan bayanin yana da mahimmanci don hana lalacewar zafi ga fakitin filastik da haɗin gwiwar ciki.

6.3 Bayanin Tufafi

Ana samar da LED akan tef da reel don dacewa da kayan aikin haɗawa da zaɓi da wuri ta atomatik. An daidaita ƙayyadaddun reel (faɗin tef, tazarar aljihu, diamita na reel) don dacewa da na'urorin haɗawa na SMT na yau da kullun.

7. Jagororin Aikace-aikace da Tunani na Ƙira

7.1 Da'irorin Aikace-aikace na Yau da Kullun

Wannan LED yana buƙatar tushen halin yanzu na yau da kullun ko resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu a jere tare da samar da ƙarfin lantarki. Ana iya ƙididdige ƙimar resistor ta amfani da Dokar Ohm: R = (V_samarwa- V_F) / I_F. Yin amfani da matsakaicin V_F(2.75V) don wannan lissafin yana tabbatar da cewa halin yanzu bai wuce iyaka ba ko da tare da bambancin ɓangaren zuwa ɓangaren. Don samar da 5V da manufar 50mA: R = (5V - 2.75V) / 0.05A = 45 Ohms. Daidaitaccen resistor na 47-Ohm zai dace. Matsakaicin ƙimar wutar lantarki na resistor yakamata ya kasance aƙalla P = I²R = (0.05)²* 47 = 0.1175W, don haka resistor 1/4W ya isa.

7.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Ingantaccen ajiye zafi yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye haske da tsawon rai. Yin amfani da R_{thJS na Gaskiya}na 85 K/W: Idan LED ya watsar da P_d= V_F* I_F= 2.2V * 0.05A = 0.11W, hawan zafi daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa wurin solder shine ΔT = R_th* P = 85 * 0.11 ≈ 9.4°C. Idan yanayin zafi na ƙafar PCB ya kasance 80°C, yanayin zafi na haɗin gwiwa T_Jzai kasance ~89.4°C, wanda yake cikin iyakar 125°C. Dole ne masu ƙira su tabbatar da cewa PCB da kanta na iya watsar da zafi don kiyaye yanayin zafi na ƙafa ƙasa kamar yadda zai yiwu.

7.3 Abubuwan Da Ake Bukata Lokacin Amfani

• Koyaushe ku lura da polarity don hana lalacewa.
• Kada ku yi aiki ƙasa da 5mA, kamar yadda aka nuna akan lankwasa rage ƙima.
• Aiwatar da ingantaccen kariya ta ESD yayin sarrafawa da haɗawa.
• Bi shawarar yanayin reflow daidai.
• Yi la'akari da tasirin zafi akan ƙarfin haske da tsawon zango don aikace-aikacen ƙarshe.
• Don amfani da mota, tabbatar da cewa ƙirar da'irar ta dace da zubar da kaya da sauran canje-canje na musamman ga tsarin lantarki na abin hawa.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha da Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi (FAQs)

8.1 Bambanci da LED na Yau da Kullun

Wannan LED ya bambanta kansa ta hanyar haɗuwa dasiffar dubawa daga gefe, haske mai ƙarfi (2800mcd)a cikin ƙaramin fakitin, da kumatakaddun shaida na ƙarfi (AEC-Q102, Sulfur A1). Idan aka kwatanta da daidaitaccen LED na PLCC-2 mai dubawa sama, yana fitar da haske daga gefe, yana ba da damar ƙira na gani na musamman. Idan aka kwatanta da wasu LED na dubawa daga gefe, ƙwarewarsa na AEC-Q102 yana nufin musamman ga ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun amincin aiki na na'urorin lantarki na mota.

8.2 Tambayoyin da Ake Yawan Yi Dangane da Sigogi

Q: Shin zan iya tuka wannan LED da 3.3V ba tare da resistor ba?

A: A'a. Tare da matsakaicin V_Fna 2.2V, haɗa shi kai tsaye zuwa 3.3V zai haifar da halin yanzu mai yawa, wanda zai iya wuce matsakaicin ƙididdigensa kuma ya lalata LED. Koyaushe ana buƙatar resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu ko mai sarrafawa.

Q: Me yasa ake auna ƙarfin haske a cikin mcd maimakon lumens?

A> Millicandelas (mcd) suna auna ƙarfin haske, wanda shine hasken da ake fitarwa a wata takamaiman hanya. Lumens suna auna jimlar ƙwararrun haske (haske a kowane hanya). Ga ɓangaren da ke da alaƙa kamar LED mai dubawa daga gefe tare da ƙayyadaddun kusurwar dubawa, mcd shine ma'auni mafi dacewa. Ana iya ƙididdige jimlar ƙwararrun haske idan an san rarraba kusurwa.

Q: Menene ma'anar "Ƙarfin Sulfur Aji A1" ga ƙirara?

A> Yana nufin cewa resin da kayan LED an ƙera su don jure duhu ko lalacewa da hydrogen sulfide da sauran iskar gas ke haifarwa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a cikin aikace-aikace kamar mota (inda wasu kayan cabin zasu iya fitar da sulfur), saitunan masana'antu, ko wurare masu gurɓatawa mai yawa. Yana haɓaka amincin aiki na dogon lokaci da kuma kiyaye fitar da haske.

Q: Ta yaya zan fassara lambobin rarraba a cikin lambar ɓangaren?

A> Lambar ɓangaren (misali, 57-21R-UY0501H-AM) ta ƙunshi lambobin da aka saka. Duk da yake ba a ba da cikakken raguwa a nan ba, sassan kamar "UY" suna nuna launi (Rawaye), kuma wasu haruffa suna ƙayyade rukunin ƙarfin haske (misali, CA don 2800mcd) da rukunin tsawon zango. Yi shawarwarin cikakken jagorar oda na masana'anta don cikakken fassarar.

9. Ka'idojin Aiki da Trends

9.1 Ka'idar Aiki ta Asali

Wannan diode ne mai fitar da haske na semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce ƙarfin bandgap, electrons da ramuka suna sake haɗuwa a cikin yanki mai aiki na guntun semiconductor (yawanci bisa kayan kamar AlInGaP don hasken rawaya), suna sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman abun da ke ciki da doping suna ƙayyade tsawon zango mai rinjaye (launi) na hasken da aka fitar.

9.2 Trends na Masana'antu

Trend don irin waɗannan ɓangarorin yana zuwa gainganci mafi girma(ƙarin fitar da haske a kowace watt na shigar da lantarki),ƙara yawan wutar lantarkia cikin ƙananan fakitoci, da kumaƙayyadaddun ingancin amincin aikidon biyan buƙatun mota (AEC-Q102), masana'antu, da aikace-aikacen waje. Haɗa siffofi kamar kariya ta electrostatic da aka gina da kuma ƙunƙuntaccen rarraba don daidaiton launi da ƙwararrun haske suma na yau da kullun ne. Ƙaura zuwa kayan da ba su da halogen da kuma bin ka'idojin muhalli, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin wannan takardar bayanan, buƙatar masana'antu ce ta yau da kullun wanda dokokin duniya ke motsawa.