Bayanin LED SMD 3210 Mai launin rawaya / Koren-Rawayan - Girman 3.2x1.0x1.48mm - Ƙarfin lantarki 1.8-2.4V - Ƙarfin wutar lantarki 48mW - Takaddun Fasaha na Hausa

1. Bayanin Samfurin

Wannan takaddar ta cika bayanin ƙayyadaddun bayanai na ƙaramin kayan LED mai hawa a saman. An ƙera na'urar ta amfani da haɗin guntun koren-rawaya da guntun rawaya, an saka su a cikin ƙaramin fakitin 3.2mm x 1.0mm x 1.48mm. An tsara shi don aikace-aikacen nuni da nunawa na gabaɗaya inda sarari ya yi ƙarami kuma ana buƙatar aiki mai aminci.

1.1 Fa'idodi na Asali

• Kusurwar Dubawa Mai Faɗi Ƙwarai:Yana da kusurwar dubawa (2θ1/2) na digiri 140, yana tabbatar da ganuwa mai girma daga matsayi daban-daban.
• Daidaitaccen SMT:Ya dace gaba ɗaya ga duk daidaitattun hanyoyin haɗawa da haɗa ta hanyar Surface Mount Technology (SMT).
• Hankalin Danshi:An rarraba shi a matakin Hankalin Danshi (MSL) 3, wanda ke ayyana takamaiman buƙatun sarrafawa da gasa kafin haɗa ta hanyar reflow.
• Yin Biyayya ga Muhalli:Samfurin ya bi ka'idojin RoHS (Ƙuntata Abubuwa Masu Haɗari).

1.2 Aikace-aikacen Da Ake Nufi

• Alamun yanayi da wutar lantarki a cikin na'urorin lantarki na mabukaci, kayan aiki, da kayan aikin masana'antu.
• Hasken baya don masu kashewa, maɓallai, da alamomi akan allunan sarrafawa.
• Aikace-aikacen haskakawa da nunawa na gabaɗaya waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙananan hanyoyin haske masu aminci.

2. Bincike Mai zurfi na Ma'auni na Fasaha

2.1 Halaye na Lantarki & Na Gani

Ana ƙayyade ma'auni masu zuwa a daidaitaccen yanayin gwaji na zafin yanayi (Ts) na 25°C da kuma halin yanzu na gaba (IF) na 20mA, sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka.

2.1.1 Ma'auni na Gani

• Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsinkaya (λd):Yana ayyana launin da ake gani.
  • Rawayan (Y):Ana samunsa a cikin kwandon biyu: Lamba 2K (585-590 nm) da Lamba 2L (590-595 nm).
  • Koren-Rawayan (YG):Ana samunsa a cikin kwandon uku: Lamba A20 (562.5-565 nm), B10 (565-567.5 nm), da B20 (567.5-570 nm).
• Rabin Faɗin Tsinkaya (Δλ):Kusan 15 nm ga duka nau'ikan Rawayan da Koren-Rawayan, yana nuna fitowar launi mai tsafta.
• Ƙarfin Hasken (Iv):Fitowar haske da aka auna a cikin millicandelas (mcd).
  • Rawayan (Y):Ana bayar da shi a cikin matakan ƙarfi guda uku: 1AP (90-120 mcd), G20 (120-150 mcd), da 1AW (150-200 mcd).
  • Koren-Rawayan (YG):Lamba 1EO tana ƙayyade kewayon ƙarfi na 30-50 mcd.

2.1.2 Ma'auni na Lantarki

• Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (VF):Ya kewayo daga 1.8V zuwa 2.4V ga duka nau'ikan launi a 20mA. Matsakaicin ƙimar yana kusa da tsakiyar wannan kewayon.
• Halin Yanzu na Baya (IR):Matsakaicin 10 μA lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na baya (VR) na 5V, yana nuna kyawawan halaye na diode.
• Juriya na Zafi (RθJ-S):An ƙayyade juriya na zafi daga mahaɗa zuwa wurin haɗa a 450 °C/W. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don ƙididdige hawan zafin mahaɗa yayin aiki.

2.2 Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar

Matsaloli fiye da waɗannan iyakoki na iya haifar da lalacewa na dindindin ga na'urar.

• Rushewar Wutar Lantarki (Pd):48 mW
• Halin Yanzu na Gaba na Ci gaba (IF):20 mA
• Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Gaba (IFP):60 mA (pulsed, 1/10 duty cycle, 0.1ms faɗin bugun jini)
• Zubar da Lantarki Mai Tsafta (ESD) HBM:2000 V
• Zafin Aiki (Topr):-40°C zuwa +85°C
• Zafin Ajiya (Tstg):-40°C zuwa +85°C
• Matsakaicin Zafin Mahaɗa (Tj):95°C

3. Bincike na Lanƙwasa Aiki

Bayanin ya haɗa da jadawali masu yawa na halaye waɗanda ke ba da cikakken bayani game da halayen LED a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban.

3.1 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Lantarki na Gaba (Lanƙwasa IV)

Lanƙwasa yana nuna alaƙar ma'auni ta yau da kullun. Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba yana ƙaruwa tare da halin yanzu, yana farawa daga ƙarfin lantarki na bakin kofa. Masu ƙira suna amfani da wannan don zaɓar masu juriya masu iyakance halin yanzu don da'irori masu tuƙi.

3.2 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Hasken

Wannan jadawali yana nuna cewa fitowar haske tana ƙaruwa kusan layi daya tare da halin yanzu na gaba har zuwa matsakaicin ƙimar da aka ƙayyade. Yin aiki sama da 20mA yana haifar da raguwar riba kuma yana haifar da haɗarin wuce iyakokin zafi.

3.3 Dogaro da Zafin Jiki

• Zafin Pin vs. Matsakaicin Ƙarfi:Ƙarfin haske yana raguwa yayin da zafin pin (don haka mahaɗa) ya ƙaru. Wannan shine halayen asali na LEDs saboda ƙaruwar sake haɗuwa mara haske a yanayin zafi mafi girma.
• Zafin Pin vs. Halin Yanzu na Gaba:Yana nuna raguwar matsakaicin halin yanzu na gaba da aka yarda yayin da zafin yanayi/pin ya tashi don kiyaye zafin mahaɗa a cikin iyakar 95°C.

3.4 Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Matsakaicin Tsawon Tsinkaya

Jadawali daban-daban na LEDs na Rawayan da Koren-Rawayan sun nuna cewa matsakaicin tsawon tsinkaya yana canzawa kaɗan tare da halin yanzu na tuƙi. Ga Koren-Rawayan, tsawon tsinkaya yana ƙaruwa daga ~567.5nm zuwa ~574.5nm yayin da halin yanzu ya tashi daga 0 zuwa 30mA. Ga Rawayan, yana ƙaruwa daga ~587.5nm zuwa ~592.5nm. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da wannan canji a cikin aikace-aikacen masu mahimmanci na launi.

4. Bayanin Injiniya & Fakitin

4.1 Girman Fakitin

LED ya yi daidai da fakitin 3210 (tsawon 3.2mm x faɗin 1.0mm). Matsakaicin tsayi shine 1.48mm. An ba da cikakkun bayanai na sama, gefe, ƙasa, da ra'ayoyin polarity a cikin zane-zanen ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Duk iyakokin girman suna ±0.2mm sai dai idan an faɗi akasin haka.

4.2 Gano Polarity & Tsarin Haɗa

An yiwa tashar cathode (maras kyau) alama a sarari. An ba da shawarar tsarin ƙasa na haɗa (fakitin) don ƙirar PCB, tare da girman pad na 1.30mm x 0.80mm da tazara (pitch) na 2.00mm tsakanin pads. Ana ba da shawarar tazarar 0.30mm tsakanin pad da jikin kayan.

5. Jagororin Haɗawa & Haɗawa

5.1 Umarnin Haɗa ta hanyar Reflow SMT

An ƙera kayan don hanyoyin haɗa reflow maras gubar. Saboda matakin MSL 3, dole ne a gasa na'urar bisa ga daidaitaccen ma'auni na IPC/JEDEC (yawanci 125°C na sa'o'i 4-8) idan an buɗe jakar shinge na danshi ko kuma an wuce iyakar lokacin bayyanawa. Takamaiman bayanin zafin jiki na reflow (dumi-dumi, jiƙa, matsakaicin zafin reflow, da ƙimar sanyaya) ya kamata ya bi shawarwarin don irin waɗannan kayan SMD da ƙayyadaddun haɗin PCB. Matsakaicin zafin jiki yayin haɗa bai kamata ya wuce ƙimar zafin ajiya ba.

5.2 Kula da Kula

• Koyaushe ku sarrafa LEDs tare da kula da Zubar da Lantarki Mai Tsafta (ESD).
• Kauce wa matsin lamba na injiniya akan ruwan tabarau da jagororin.
• Kada ku yi amfani da kaushi waɗanda zasu iya lalata ruwan tabarau na epoxy (misali, ketones) don tsaftacewa.
• Bi ka'idojin fakitin masu hankali ga danshi da gaske.

6. Fakitin & Amincin Aiki

6.1 Ƙayyadaddun Fakitin

Ana ba da LEDs a cikin tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya mai zane akan reels don haɗawa ta atomatik ta ɗauka da sanyawa. Bayanin ya haɗa da cikakkun ma'auni don aljihun tef ɗin ɗaukar kaya, diamita na reel, da girman cibiya. An kuma ayyana ƙayyadaddun lakabi don reel.

6.2 Fakitin Mai Juriya ga Danshi

Ana tattara reels a cikin jakunkuna masu hana danshi tare da desiccant da katin nuna danshi don kiyaye amincin MSL 3 yayin ajiya da sufuri.

6.3 Abubuwan Gwajin Amincin Aiki

Takaddar tana nuni ga daidaitattun yanayin gwajin amincin aiki, waɗanda wataƙila sun haɗa da gwaje-gwaje kamar:

• Rayuwar Ajiya mai Zafi
• Ajiya mai Sanyi
• Kewayawar Zafin Jiki
• Gwajin Danshi
• Juriya ga Zafin Haɗa

An ayyana takamaiman yanayi da ma'auni na wucewa/rasuwa don tabbatar da tsawon rayuwar samfurin.

7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace & Abubuwan Ƙira

7.1 Ƙirar Da'ira

• Koyaushe yi amfani da mai juriya mai iyakance halin yanzu. Ƙididdige ƙimar mai juriya ta amfani da R = (Vsupply - VF) / IF, inda VF shine matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na gaba na yau da kullun ko matsakaici daga takaddar bayanai don tabbatar da halin yanzu bai wuce 20mA ba.
• Don dorewar haske akan zafin jiki ko a cikin jerin LED masu yawa, yi la'akari da amfani da direban halin yanzu na yau da kullun maimakon tushen ƙarfin lantarki mai sauƙi tare da mai juriya.
• Yi la'akari da juriya na ƙarfin lantarki na gaba lokacin ƙira don ƙananan wadataccen wutar lantarki don tabbatar da isasshen tuƙin halin yanzu.

7.2 Gudanar da Zafi

Duk da cewa fakitin yana da ƙanƙanta, gudanar da zafi yana da mahimmanci ga amincin aiki. Juriya na zafi na 450 °C/W yana nufin cewa a cikakken tuƙin 20mA (kusan 48mW na ɓarnar wutar lantarki), zafin mahaɗa zai kasance kusan 21.6°C sama da zafin wurin haɗa (48mW * 450°C/W). Tabbatar cewa PCB na iya watsar da wannan zafi, musamman a cikin yanayin zafi mai girma ko wuraren da aka rufe, don kiyaye Tj ƙasa da 95°C.

7.3 Ƙirar Gani

Kusurwar dubawa na digiri 140 ta sa wannan LED ya dace da aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ganuwa mai faɗi ba tare da na'urorin gani na biyu ba. Don hasken da aka nufa, ruwan tabarau na waje ko bututun haske na iya zama dole.

8. Kwatancen Fasaha & Bambance-bambance

Babban abubuwan banbance na wannan ɓangaren shineƙaramin fakitin 3210haɗe tare damatsakaicin ƙarfin haskedon girman sa, musamman a cikin sigar Rawayan. Samun daidaitaccen tsawon tsinkaya da kwandon ƙarfi (misali, YG A20/B10/B20) yana ba da damar mafi kyawun daidaiton launi a cikin samarwa na rukuni idan aka kwatanta da LEDs masu faɗin kwandon. Matsayin MSL 3 yana ba da daidaito tsakanin kariyar danshi da buƙatar gasa kafin haɗawa, wanda ya zama ruwan dare ga yawancin fakitin SMD.

9. Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi (Dangane da Ma'auni na Fasaha)

9.1 Zan iya tuƙa wannan LED a 30mA don ƙarin haske?

Amsa:A'a. Matsakaicin Matsakaicin Ƙimar don halin yanzu na gaba na ci gaba shine 20mA. Wuce wannan ƙimar zai haifar da matsakaicin zafin mahaɗa, yana haifar da raguwar lumen da sauri kuma yana iya haifar da gazawa mai muni. Yi amfani da ƙimar halin yanzu na bugun jini (60mA) kawai don ƙananan zagayowar aiki kamar yadda aka ƙayyade.

9.2 Me yasa ƙarfin hasken LED na Koren-Rawayan ya zama kamar ya yi ƙasa da na Rawayan?

Amsa:Wannan yana da alaƙa da hankalin tsinkaya na idon ɗan adam (amsa na hotopic). Idon yana da mahimmanci ga hasken kore (~555 nm). Koren-Rawayan (565-570 nm) yana kusa da kololuwar hankali, don haka ana buƙatar ƙaramin ƙarfin haske don cimma wani ƙarfin haske da ake gani (ƙarfin haske a cikin mcd). Hasken Rawayan (585-595 nm) yana cikin yanki na ƙarancin hankali na ido, yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfin haske don cimma irin wannan ƙarfin haske da ake gani, don haka mafi girman ƙimar mcd don irin wannan fasahar guntu da halin yanzu na tuƙi.

9.3 Ta yaya zan zaɓi daidaitaccen kwandon don aikace-aikacena?

Amsa:Don aikace-aikacen masu mahimmanci na launi (misali, alamomin yanayi waɗanda dole ne su dace da takamaiman launin kamfani ko wasu LEDs akan panel), ƙayyade mafi ƙaramin kwandon tsawon tsinkaya wanda ya dace da burin kuɗin ku (misali, YG B10 maimakon faɗin kewayon A20). Don nuni na gabaɗaya inda cikakken launi ba shi da mahimmanci sosai, daidaitattun ko faɗin kwandon suna karɓuwa. Hakazalika, zaɓi kwandon ƙarfi bisa ga ƙarfin haske da ake buƙata da kuma halin yanzu na tuƙi da kuke shirin amfani da shi.

10. Misalin Amfani na Aiki

Yanayin:Ƙirar ƙaramin na'ura mai auna IoT tare da LED na yanayi mai launi daban-daban. Sarari yana da iyaka sosai akan PCB.

Aiwatarwa:Fakitin 3210 yana da kyau. Ana iya amfani da LED na Koren-Rawayan (misali, kwandon B20, 567.5-570nm) don alamar "kunna wutar lantarki/aiki". LED na Rawayan (kwandon 2L, 590-595nm) zai iya nuna yanayin "gargadi" ko "jiran aiki". Dukansu ana iya tuƙa su daga filayen GPIO na microcontroller (3.3V) ta amfani da masu juriya daban-daban masu iyakance halin yanzu. Ƙididdiga don LED na Rawayan (ana ɗauka VF typ=2.1V, manufa IF=15mA don tsawon rai): R = (3.3V - 2.1V) / 0.015A = 80 Ohms. Yi amfani da ƙimar da ta gaba (82 Ohms). Halin yanzu na ainihi zai yi ƙasa kaɗan, kuma ƙarfin zai yi ƙasa da ƙimar 20mA, wanda ke karɓuwa ga alamar yanayi.

11. Ka'idar Aiki

Wannan LED yana aiki bisa ka'idar electroluminescence a cikin kayan semiconductor. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba wanda ya wuce bakin kofa na diode, ana shigar da electrons da ramuka zuwa yanki mai aiki na guntun semiconductor. Sake haɗuwarsu yana sakin makamashi a cikin nau'in photons (haske). Takamaiman kayan (misali, Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide - AlGaInP don rawaya/ja, ko Gallium Phosphide - GaP bambance-bambance don kore) suna ƙayyade makamashin bandgap don haka tsawon tsinkaya (launi) na hasken da aka fitar. Fakitin ya haɗa da ruwan tabarau na epoxy wanda ke siffanta fitowar haske kuma yana ba da kariya ga muhalli.

12. Trends na Fasaha

Kasuwar SMD LEDs kamar 3210 na ci gaba da buƙatar:Ƙaruwar Ingantacciyar Aiki:Mafi girman ingancin haske (ƙarin fitowar haske a kowace watt na lantarki) don ba da damar alamomi masu haske ko ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki.Ƙananan Girma:Ko da ƙananan fakitoci (misali, 2016, 1515) yayin kiyayewa ko inganta aikin gani.Ingantaccen Daidaiton Launi:Matsakaicin iyakokin kwandon don duka tsawon tsinkaya da ƙarfi don rage bambancin launi a cikin samfuran ƙarshe ba tare da rarraba da hannu ba.Ƙarfafa Amincin Aiki:Ingantattun kayan aiki da dabarun fakitin don jure yanayin zafi mafi girma (don hanyoyin reflow maras gubar) da mafi tsananin yanayin aiki.Maganganun Haɗe-haɗe:Girman ɓangarorin LED tare da ƙa'idar halin yanzu da aka gina (masu tuƙin LED na yau da kullun) ko da'irar sarrafawa (LEDs RGB masu adireshi), ko da yake ainihin alamar LED da aka bayyana a nan ya kasance mahimmin ɓangare kuma ana amfani da shi sosai.