Teburin Abubuwan Ciki
- 1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
- 2. Zurfin Fassarar Ma'anar Sigogi na Fasaha
- 2.1 Madaidaicin Ma'auni
- 2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Haske
- 2.2.1 Halayen Shigarwa
- 2.2.2 Halayen Fitarwa
- 2.3 Halayen Canja Wuri
- 3. Bayanin Tsarin Daraja
- 4. Bincike na Lankwasa Aiki
- 5. Tsari da Saitin Fil
- 6. Hanyar Aunawa: Static dv/dt
- 7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
- 7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
- 7.2 Abubuwan da Ake Kula da Zane
- 8. Kwatance da Bambance-bambancen Fasaha
- 9. Tambayoyi na Gama-gari Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha
- 10. Misalin Zane na Aiki
- 11. Ka'idar Aiki
- 12. Bayanin Oda
1. Bayyani Game da Samfur
Jerin EL303X, EL304X, EL306X, da EL308X su ne iyalai na masu haɗa haske na DIP mai fil 6 waɗanda aka ƙera musamman a matsayin masu gudanar da triac mai tsallake-sifili. Waɗannan na'urori suna aiki a matsayin muhimmin hanyar haɗi tsakanin ƙananan da'irori na sarrafa dabaru da manyan layukan wutar lantarki na AC, suna ba da damar aminci da ingantacciyar sauya nauyin AC. Babban aikin shine samar da keɓewa ta lantarki yayin kunna wani triac na waje mai ƙarfi a wurin tsallake-sifili na siffar igiyar ƙarfin lantarki na AC, don haka rage tasirin lantarki-magnetic (EMI) da kwararar shiga.
An bambanta jerin da farko ta hanyar iyawar ƙarfin toshewa mai kololuwa, daga 250V na EL303X zuwa 800V na EL308X, wanda ya sa ya dace da kewayon ƙarfin layi daga 110VAC zuwa 380VAC. Wani muhimmin siffa shine haɗaɗɗen da'irar gano tsallake-sifili, wanda ke tabbatar da cewa triac na fitarwa yana kunna kawai lokacin da ƙarfin layin AC yake kusa da sifili volts. Ana amfani da wannan na'urar a matsayin babban ɓangare a cikin Relay na ƙwaƙƙwaran Jiki (SSRs), masu sarrafa mota, da sarrafa masana'antu da na'amuran masu amfani daban-daban.
2. Zurfin Fassarar Ma'anar Sigogi na Fasaha
2.1 Madaidaicin Ma'auni
Waɗannan ma'auni suna ayyana iyakokin damuwa waɗanda sama da su lalacewa na dindindin na na'urar na iya faruwa. Ba a tabbatar da aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan ba.
- Ƙarfin Gaba na Shigarwa (IF):Matsakaicin ci gaba na halin yanzu ta hanyar LED infrared shine 60 mA. Wuce wannan zai iya rage ko lalata LED.
- Ƙarfin Juyawa na Shigarwa (VR):LED na iya jure juyawar baya har zuwa 6V.
- Rage Ƙarfin Shigarwa/Fitarwa:Bangaren shigarwa (PD) an ƙididdige shi don 100 mW, kuma bangaren fitarwa (PC) don 300 mW, tare da ƙayyadaddun abubuwan ragewa sama da 85°C yanayin yanayi. Jimlar rage ƙarfin na'urar (PTOT) shine 330 mW.
- Ƙarfin Tashar Fitarwa a Kashe (VDRM):Wannan shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci na bambancewa. EL303X: 250V, EL304X: 400V, EL306X: 600V, EL308X: 800V. Dole ne a zaɓi na'urar tare da ƙimar VDRM mafi girma fiye da kololuwar ƙarfin layin da zai toshe.
- Ƙarfin Keɓewa (VISO):5000 Vrms na minti 1. Wannan yana ƙayyadadden ƙarfin dielectric tsakanin bangarorin shigarwa da fitarwa, yana tabbatar da aminci da bin ka'idojin ƙa'ida.
2.2 Halayen Lantarki-Haske
Waɗannan sigogi suna ayyana aikin na'urar a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki na al'ada a 25°C.
2.2.1 Halayen Shigarwa
- Ƙarfin Gaba (VF):Matsakaicin 1.5V a IF=30mA. Ana amfani da wannan don ƙididdige resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu da ake buƙata don da'irar mai gudanar da LED.
- Halin Yanzu na Yaudara na Juyawa (IR):Matsakaicin 10 µA a VR=6V, yana nuna ƙaramin yaudara a cikin juyawar baya.
2.2.2 Halayen Fitarwa
- Matsakaicin Halin Yanzu na Toshawa (IDRM):Ƙaramin halin yanzu na yaudara (100-500 nA matsakaici) lokacin da fitarwa ke cikin yanayin kashewa a ƙimar VDRM. Ƙananan yaudara yana da kyau don ingantaccen ƙarfi.
- Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Lantarki a Kan (VTM):Matsakaicin 3V lokacin da triac na fitarwa ke gudanar da matsakaicin halin yanzu na 100 mA. Wannan yana wakiltar asarar gudanarwa.
- Matsakaicin Ƙimar Tashi na Ƙarfin Lantarki a Kashe (dv/dt):Mafi ƙarancin 600-1000 V/µs. Wannan ma'auni yana nuna kariyar na'urar daga kunna ƙarya da saurin canjin ƙarfin lantarki akan layin AC ke haifarwa. Ƙimar mafi girma tana da kyau.
- Ƙarfin Hanawa (VINH):Matsakaicin 20V. Idan ƙarfin lantarki a kan tashoshin fitarwa ya wuce wannan ƙimar, da'irar tsallake-sifili tana hana kunna, ko da LED yana kan.
2.3 Halayen Canja Wuri
Waɗannan sigogi suna ayyana alaƙa tsakanin halin yanzu na LED na shigarwa da kunna triac na fitarwa.
- Halin Yanzu na Kunna LED (IFT):Wannan shine matsakaicin halin yanzu da ake buƙata don tabbatar da kunna triac na fitarwa. An ba da jerin a cikin matakan hankali guda uku: 15 mA (ELxx1), 10 mA (ELxx2), da 5 mA (ELxx3). Ƙananan IFT yana ba da damar amfani da da'irar mai gudanarwa mai rauni.
- Halin Yanzu na Riƙewa (IH):Matsakaicin ƙima shine 280 µA. Da zarar an kunna, triac na fitarwa zai ci gaba da kasancewa a kan muddin halin yanzu da ya wuce wannan ƙimar. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da halayen kulle tare da nauyin inductive.
Matsakaicin halin yanzu na LED na aiki da aka ba da shawarar yana tsakanin matsakaicin IFT don matakin da aka zaɓa da matsakaicin IF na 60 mA. Aiki sama da IFT yana tabbatar da kunna amintacce amma ƙasa da 60 mA yana tabbatar da amincin dogon lokaci.
3. Bayanin Tsarin Daraja
Iyalin samfurin suna amfani da tsarin daraja mai bayyanawa dangane da ma'auni biyu masu mahimmanci:
- Ƙimar Ƙarfin Lantarki (Lambar Farko bayan 'EL'):Wannan shine babban daraja.
- EL303X:250V ƙarfin toshewa.
- EL304X:400V ƙarfin toshewa.
- EL306X:600V ƙarfin toshewa.
- EL308X:800V ƙarfin toshewa.
- Darajar Hankali (Lambar Ƙarshe na Lambar Bangare, 'X'):Wannan yana ayyana buƙatun halin yanzu na kunna LED.
- Daraja '1':Matsakaicin halin yanzu na kunna (IFT) = 15 mA. Mafi ƙarancin hankali.
- Daraja '2':Matsakaicin halin yanzu na kunna (IFT) = 10 mA.
- Daraja '3':Matsakaicin halin yanzu na kunna (IFT) = 5 mA. Mafi hankali.
Misali, EL3062 mai haɗa haske ne mai ƙimar 600V tare da matsakaicin halin yanzu na kunna na 10 mA.
4. Bincike na Lankwasa Aiki
Takardun bayani tana nuni zuwa lankwasan aiki na al'ada, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci don fahimtar halayen na'urar a ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan da ba daidai ba (misali, bambancin zafin jiki). Duk da yake ba a cikakken bayyana zane-zane na musamman a cikin rubutun da aka bayar ba, lankwasan al'ada na irin waɗannan na'urori sun haɗa da:
- Halin Yanzu na Gaba vs. Ƙarfin Gaba (IF-VF):Yana nuna alaƙar da ba ta layi ba na LED na shigarwa, mai mahimmanci don zanen mai gudanarwa.
- Halin Yanzu na Kunna vs. Zazzabi (IFT vs. Ta):Halin yanzu na LED da ake buƙata don kunna fitarwa yawanci yana ƙaruwa tare da raguwar zafin jiki. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don ƙirƙirar tsarin amintacce waɗanda ke aiki a cikin yanayi mai sanyi.
- Ƙarfin Lantarki a Kan vs. Halin Yanzu a Kan (VTM-ITM):Yana kwatanta halayen gudanarwa na triac na fitarwa.
Ya kamata masu zane su tuntubi cikakkun zane-zane na takardun bayani don rage sigogi daidai don kewayon zafin jiki na musamman na aiki.
5. Tsari da Saitin Fil
Tsarin ciki yana nuna LED Infrared GaAs wanda aka haɗa shi da haske zuwa guntu silicon mai ɗauke da triac mai hankalin haske da da'irar gano tsallake-sifili.
Pinout (6-Pin DIP):
- Anode:Tashar tabbatacciya ta LED na shigarwa.
- Cathode:Tashar mara kyau ta LED na shigarwa.
- Babu Haɗi (NC):Wannan fil a ciki ba a haɗa shi ba.
- Babban Tasha 2 (MT2):Ɗaya daga cikin manyan tashoshin triac na fitarwa.
- Substrate:Haɗin ciki.Kada a haɗa shi a waje.
- Babban Tasha 1 (MT1):Wani babban tashar triac na fitarwa. Wannan shine yawanci ma'anar siginar kunna ƙofa.
An ƙera fitarwa (fil 4 da 6) don haɗa shi a jere tare da ƙofar wani triac na waje mai ƙarfi wanda ainihin yana sauya halin yanzu na nauyi.
6. Hanyar Aunawa: Static dv/dt
Takardun bayani tana ba da cikakkiyar da'irar gwaji da hanyar aunawa don auna Matsakaicin Ƙimar Tashi na Ƙarfin Lantarki a Kashe (dv/dt). Wannan gwajin yana da mahimmanci don ƙididdige kariyar surutu na na'urar.
Da'irar Gwaji:An haɗa tushen bugun jini mai ƙarfi zuwa fitarwa na Na'urar da ake Gwaji (DUT) ta hanyar hanyar sadarwar RC na jere (RTEST, CTEST). LED yana kashe (IF=0).
Hanyar Aiki:An yi amfani da bugun jini tare da matsakaicin ƙima (VPEAK) daidai da ƙimar VDRM. An bambanta juriya RTEST don canza lokacin lokaci (τ = R*C) na hanyar sadarwar RC, wanda hakan kuma yana canza gangare (dv/dt) na rampin ƙarfin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi ga DUT. An ƙara gangare har sai DUT ya kunna ƙarya. Sannan an rage gangare har sai kunna kawai ya tsaya. Ƙimar dv/dt a wannan bakin kofa ana ƙididdige ta a matsayin 0.632 * VPEAK / τRC.
Wannan ƙimar da aka auna dole ne ta cika ko wuce mafi ƙarancin ƙayyadaddun dv/dt (misali, 600 V/µs don EL308X).
7. Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace
7.1 Yanayin Aikace-aikace na Al'ada
- Relay na ƙwaƙƙwaran Jiki (SSRs):Babban aikace-aikace, yana ba da keɓewa da sauya tsallake-sifili don nauyin AC kamar masu dumama, fitilu, da solenoids.
- Sarrafa Masana'antu:Don haɗa fitarwar PLC tare da masu farawa mota, masu hulɗa, da masu kunna bawul.
- Na'amuran Masu Amfani:Ana amfani da su a cikin soket masu wayo, masu duhu, da allunan sarrafa na'ura don amintaccen sauya AC.
- Sarrafa Zazzabi:Sauya abubuwan dumama a cikin thermostats da tanda.
7.2 Abubuwan da Ake Kula da Zane
- Zaɓin Ƙarfin Lantarki:Zaɓi ƙimar VDRM tare da gefen aminci sama da kololuwar ƙarfin layin AC. Don layin 240VAC (kololuwa ~340V), EL304X (400V) shine mafi ƙarancin, amma EL306X (600V) yana ba da gefe mafi kyau don saurin canji.
- Da'irar Mai Gudanar da LED:Ƙididdige resistor na jere: R = (Vcc - VF) / I_F_operating. Tabbatar I_F_operating yana tsakanin matsakaicin IFT (don matakin da aka zaɓa) da 60mA. Matsakaicin halin yanzu na aiki shine 10-20 mA don daraja 1 da 2.
- Da'irori na Snubber:Duk da yake mai haɗa haske da kansa yana da kyakkyawan ƙimar dv/dt, triac na waje mai ƙarfi na iya buƙatar hanyar sadarwar RC snubber a kan tashoshinsa don danne ƙarfin lantarki daga nauyin inductive, yana hana kunna ƙarya ko lalacewa.
- Rage Zafi:Ku bi lankwasan rage ƙarfi. Rage ƙarfin fitarwa (PC) yana fito ne daga ƙarfin lantarki a kan (VTM) da aka ninka da halin yanzu na ƙofar triac na waje. Tabbatar jimlar rage ƙarfin na'urar (PTOT) yana cikin iyaka a matsakaicin zafin yanayi.
8. Kwatance da Bambance-bambancen Fasaha
Babban fa'idodin wannan jerin mai gudanar da triac mai tsallake-sifili idan aka kwatanta da nau'ikan da ba na tsallake-sifili ba ko kuma na'urorin haɗa haske na asali sune:
- Rage EMI:Ta hanyar sauya a wurin tsallake-sifili, an rage saurin canjin halin yanzu (di/dt), yana rage tasirin lantarki-magnetic da aka gudanar da kuma watsawa sosai.
- Ƙananan Halin Yanzu na Shiga:Yana hana manyan halin yanzu na shiga lokacin sauya nauyin juriya kamar fitulun incandescent ko abubuwan dumama, yana tsawaita rayuwarsu.
- Magani na Haɗaɗɗe:Ya haɗa ayyukan keɓewa, gano, da kunna cikin fakitin amintacce na fil 6 ɗaya, yana sauƙaƙe zane idan aka kwatanta da da'irori na tsallake-sifili daban-daban.
- Kewayon Ƙarfin Lantarki:Faɗin kewayon ƙarfin toshewa (250V zuwa 800V) ya rufe mafi yawan aikace-aikacen manyan layukan AC na duniya a cikin iyalin samfurin ɗaya.
- Bin Ka'idoji:Na'urorin suna ɗauke da amincewa daga manyan hukumomin aminci na duniya (UL, cUL, VDE, da sauransu), suna sauƙaƙe takaddun shaida na ƙarshe na samfur.
9. Tambayoyi na Gama-gari Dangane da Sigogi na Fasaha
- Q: Zan iya amfani da EL303X (250V) akan layin 120VAC?
A: I. Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na 120VAC shine ~170V, wanda yake ƙasa da ƙimar 250V. Duk da haka, don amincin yaƙi da ƙaruwar layi, ana yawan ba da shawarar ɓangaren mafi girma kamar EL304X. - Q: Menene manufar filin "Substrate (kada a haɗa)"?
A: Wannan fil haɗin ciki ne don guntun silicon. Barin shi ba a haɗa shi a waje yana da mahimmanci. Haɗa shi zai iya gajarta da'irori na ciki kuma ya lalata na'urar. - Q: Ta yaya zan zaɓi tsakanin matakan hankali 1, 2, da 3?
A: Daraja 3 (5mA) yana ba da damar amfani da resistor mai iyakance halin yanzu mafi girma ko mai gudanar da IC mai rauni (misali, daga microcontroller), yana adana ƙarfi da rage damuwar ɓangaren mai gudanarwa. Ana iya zaɓar Daraja 1 (15mA) idan da'irar tuƙi tana da ƙarfi kuma farashin mai gudanarwa ba shi da damuwa, ko kuma don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar mafi girman kariyar surutu a bangaren shigarwa. - Q: Ƙimar halin yanzu na fitarwa (IT(RMS)) 100mA ne kawai. Zai iya sauya nauyin 10A?
A: A'a. Wannan na'urarmai gudanarwane. An ƙera fitarwa na 100mA don kunna ƙofar wani triac mai ƙarfi ko thyristor na waje mai girma (misali, TRIAC na 10A ko 40A). Bangaren waje yana sarrafa cikakken halin yanzu na nauyi.
10. Misalin Zane na Aiki
Yanayi:Ƙirƙirar relay na ƙwaƙƙwaran jiki don sauya ɓangaren dumama na juriya na 240VAC, 5A daga microcontroller na 5V.
- Zaɓin Mai Haɗa Haske:Zaɓi EL3062. Ƙimar 600V tana ba da gefe mai kyau sama da kololuwa 340V. Daraja 2 (10mA IFT) daidaito ne mai kyau tsakanin hankali da iyawar mai gudanarwa.
- Mai Gudanar da LED:Fil na microcontroller (5V, 20mA matsakaici) yana gudanar da LED. VF ~1.3V. R = (5V - 1.3V) / 0.015A = ~247 Ohms. Yi amfani da resistor na 220 Ohm, yana haifar da IF ~17mA, sama da 10mA IFT kuma ƙasa da 60mA matsakaici.
- Triac na Waje mai Ƙarfi:Zaɓi triac na 600V, 10A+ (misali, BTA16-600). Haɗa ƙofarsa zuwa fil 6 (MT1) na mai haɗa haske. Haɗa fil 4 (MT2) na mai haɗa haske a jere tare da resistor na 100-200 Ohm zuwa layin AC (ta hanyar nauyi). Wannan resistor yana iyakance halin yanzu na ƙofar triac mai ƙarfi.
- Snubber:Ƙara resistor na 100 Ohm da capacitor na 0.1µF a jere a kan manyan tashoshi (A1/A2) na triac na BTA16.
- Keɓewa:Keɓewar 5000Vrms na mai haɗa haske yana raba da'irar microcontroller mai ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki daga manyan layukan AC masu haɗari cikin aminci.
11. Ka'idar Aiki
Na'urar tana aiki bisa ka'idar haɗa haske. Lokacin da halin yanzu ke gudana ta hanyar shigar da Diode mai Fitowa da Haske na Infrared (IR LED), yana fitar da photons. Waɗannan photons suna tsallaka tazarar keɓewa kuma suna buga guntu silicon mai hankalin haske a bangaren fitarwa. Wannan guntu yana ɗauke da triac mai kunna haske da da'irar gano tsallake-sifili. Da'irar gano tana lura da ƙarfin lantarki a kan tashoshin fitarwa (MT1-MT2). Sai lokacin da wannan ƙarfin lantarki yake ƙasa da wani bakin kofa (yawanci kusan 20V, ƙarfin hanawa VINH)kumaLED yana haskakawa, da'irar za ta ba da izinin triac na ciki ya kunna. Wannan yana tabbatar da gudanarwa ya fara kusa da wurin da igiyar sine ta AC ta tsallaka sifili volts. Da zarar an kunna, triac yana ci gaba da kulle muddin halin yanzu na nauyi ya wuce halin yanzu na riƙewa (IH), har zuwa tsallake-sifili na gaba.
12. Bayanin Oda
Lambar ɓangaren tana bin tsari: EL30XY(Z)-V
- X:Jerin ƙarfin lantarki (3,4,6,8).
- Y:Darajar hankali (1,2,3).
- Zaɓin Siffar Jagora:
- Babu/M:DIP ta hanyar rami, fakitin bututu.
- S / S1:Siffar jagora mai hawa sama. S1 siga ce mai ƙaramin bayani.
- Zaɓin Tepe da Reel (Z):TA ko TB don sassan SMD, yana ƙayyadadden nau'in reel.
- V:Yana nuna an haɗa amincewar aminci na VDE.
Misali: EL3062S-TA-V na'urar hawa sama ce mai ƙimar 600V, Daraja 2, akan tepe da reel na TA, tare da amincewar VDE.
Kalmomin Ƙayyadaddun LED
Cikakken bayanin kalmomin fasaha na LED
Aikin Hasken Wutar Lantarki
| Kalma | Naúrar/Wakilci | Bayanin Sauri | Me yasa yake da muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ingancin Hasken Wuta | lm/W (lumen kowace watt) | Fitowar haske kowace watt na wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin mafi ingancin kuzari. | Kai tsaye yana ƙayyade matakin ingancin kuzari da farashin wutar lantarki. |
| Gudun Hasken Wuta | lm (lumen) | Jimillar hasken da tushe ke fitarwa, ana kiransa "haske". | Yana ƙayyade ko hasken yana da haske sosai. |
| Kusurwar Dubawa | ° (digiri), misali 120° | Kusurwar da ƙarfin haske ya ragu zuwa rabi, yana ƙayyade faɗin haske. | Yana shafar kewar haskakawa da daidaito. |
| Zafin Launi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), misali 2700K/6500K | Zafi/sanyin haske, ƙananan ƙimomi rawaya/zafi, mafi girma fari/sanyi. | Yana ƙayyade yanayin haskakawa da yanayin da suka dace. |
| CI / Ra | Ba naúrar, 0–100 | Ikon ba da launukan abubuwa daidai, Ra≥80 yana da kyau. | Yana shafar sahihancin launi, ana amfani dashi a wurare masu buƙatu kamar shaguna, gidajen tarihi. |
| SDCM | Matakan ellipse MacAdam, misali "5-mataki" | Ma'aunin daidaiton launi, ƙananan matakai suna nufin mafi daidaiton launi. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton launi a cikin rukunin LED iri ɗaya. |
| Matsakaicin Tsawon Raɗaɗin Hasken | nm (nanomita), misali 620nm (ja) | Tsawon raɗaɗin haske daidai da launin LED masu launi. | Yana ƙayyade launin ja, rawaya, kore LED masu launi ɗaya. |
| Rarraba Bakan Hasken | Layin tsawon raɗaɗi da ƙarfi | Yana nuna rarraba ƙarfi a cikin tsawon raɗaɗin haske. | Yana shafar ba da launi da ingancin launi. |
Ma'auni na Lantarki
| Kalma | Alamar | Bayanin Sauri | Abubuwan ƙira |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | Vf | Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki don kunna LED, kamar "maƙallan farawa". | Ƙarfin lantarki na injin dole ya zama ≥Vf, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙara don LED a jere. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na gaba | If | Ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki don aikin LED na yau da kullun. | Yawanci tuƙi mai ƙarfi akai-akai, ƙarfin lantarki yana ƙayyade haske da tsawon rai. |
| Matsakaicin Ƙarfin lantarki na bugun jini | Ifp | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na ɗan lokaci, ana amfani dashi don duhu ko walƙiya. | Fadin bugun jini da sake zagayowar aiki dole ne a sarrafa su sosai don guje wa lalacewa. |
| Ƙarfin lantarki na baya | Vr | Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na baya da LED zai iya jurewa, wanda ya wuce zai iya haifar da rushewa. | Dangane dole ne ya hana haɗin baya ko ƙarfin lantarki. |
| Juriya na zafi | Rth (°C/W) | Juriya ga canja wurin zafi daga guntu zuwa solder, ƙasa yana da kyau. | Babban juriya na zafi yana buƙatar zubar da zafi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rigakafin ESD | V (HBM), misali 1000V | Ikon jurewa zubar da wutar lantarki, mafi girma yana nufin ƙasa mai rauni. | Ana buƙatar matakan hana wutar lantarki a cikin samarwa, musamman ga LED masu hankali. |
Gudanar da Zafi & Amincewa
| Kalma | Ma'aunin maɓalli | Bayanin Sauri | Tasiri |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zazzabin Haɗin gwiwa | Tj (°C) | Ainihin yanayin aiki a cikin guntun LED. | Kowane raguwa 10°C na iya ninka tsawon rai; yayi yawa yana haifar da lalacewar haske, canjin launi. |
| Ragewar Lumen | L70 / L80 (sa'o'i) | Lokacin da haske ya ragu zuwa 70% ko 80% na farko. | Kai tsaye yana ayyana "tsawon sabis" na LED. |
| Kula da Lumen | % (misali 70%) | Kashi na hasken da aka riƙe bayan lokaci. | Yana nuna riƙon haske akan amfani na dogon lokaci. |
| Canjin Launi | Δu′v′ ko ellipse MacAdam | Matsakaicin canjin launi yayin amfani. | Yana shafar daidaiton launi a cikin yanayin haskakawa. |
| Tsufa na Zafi | Lalacewar kayan aiki | Lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi na dogon lokaci. | Zai iya haifar da raguwar haske, canjin launi, ko gazawar buɗe kewaye. |
Tufafi & Kayan Aiki
| Kalma | Nau'ikan gama gari | Bayanin Sauri | Siffofi & Aikace-aikace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nau'in Kunshin | EMC, PPA, Yumbu | Kayan gida masu kare guntu, samar da hanyar sadarwa ta gani/zafi. | EMC: juriya mai kyau na zafi, farashi mai rahusa; Yumbu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, tsawon rai. |
| Tsarin Guntu | Gaba, Guntu Juyawa | Tsarin na'urorin lantarki na guntu. | Juyawar guntu: mafi kyawun zubar da zafi, inganci mafi girma, don ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. |
| Rufin Phosphor | YAG, Silicate, Nitride | Yana rufe guntu shuɗi, yana canza wasu zuwa rawaya/ja, yana haɗa su zuwa fari. | Phosphor daban-daban suna shafar inganci, CCT, da CRI. |
| Ruwan tabarau/Optics | Lefi, Microlens, TIR | Tsarin gani a saman yana sarrafa rarraba haske. | Yana ƙayyade kusurwar dubawa da layin rarraba haske. |
Kula da Inganci & Rarraba
| Kalma | Abun rarraba | Bayanin Sauri | Manufa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kwalin Gudun Hasken | Lambar misali 2G, 2H | An tattara su ta hanyar haske, kowace ƙungiya tana da ƙananan/matsakaicin ƙimar lumen. | Yana tabbatar da daidaiton haske a cikin jeri ɗaya. |
| Kwalin Ƙarfin lantarki | Lambar misali 6W, 6X | An tattara su ta hanyar kewayon ƙarfin lantarki na gaba. | Yana sauƙaƙe daidaitawar tuƙi, yana inganta ingancin tsarin. |
| Kwalin Launi | Ellipse MacAdam 5-mataki | An tattara su ta hanyar daidaitattun launi, yana tabbatar da ƙuntataccen kewayon. | Yana ba da garantin daidaiton launi, yana guje wa launi mara daidaituwa a cikin kayan aikin. |
| Kwalin CCT | 2700K, 3000K da sauransu | An tattara su ta hanyar CCT, kowanne yana da madaidaicin kewayon daidaitawa. | Yana cika buƙatun CCT na yanayi daban-daban. |
Gwaji & Takaddun Shaida
| Kalma | Matsakaicin/Gwaji | Bayanin Sauri | Muhimmanci |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Gwajin kula da lumen | Haskakawa na dogon lokaci a yanayin zafi akai-akai, yana rikodin lalacewar haske. | Ana amfani dashi don kimanta rayuwar LED (tare da TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Matsakaicin kimanta rayuwa | Yana kimanta rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na ainihi bisa bayanan LM-80. | Yana ba da hasashen kimiyya na rayuwa. |
| IESNA | Ƙungiyar Injiniyoyin Haskakawa | Yana rufe hanyoyin gwajin gani, lantarki, zafi. | Tushen gwaji da masana'antu suka amince. |
| RoHS / REACH | Tabbatarwar muhalli | Yana tabbatar da babu abubuwa masu cutarwa (darma, mercury). | Bukatar shiga kasuwa a duniya. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari | Tabbatarwar ingancin kuzari da aiki don samfuran haskakawa. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin sayayyan gwamnati, shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana haɓaka gasa. |