DC-Informative Haɗin Motsi-Launi da Mitoci don Sadarwar Haske da ake iya Gani

Tsarin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa & Bayyani

Sadarwar Haske da ake iya Gani (VLC) ta zama fasaha mai ban sha'awa mai haɗawa da Sadarwar Mitar Rediyo (RFC) na gargajiya, tana magance ƙalubalen cikewar yanayin mitoci. Wannan takarda ta gabatar da wata sabuwar hanyar ƙirar taurari da ake kira DC-Informative Haɗin Motsi-Launi da Mitoci (DCI-JCFM) don tsarin VLC masu amfani da Diod ɗin Fitilar Haske na Ja/Kore/Shuɗi (LED RGB). Babban ƙirƙira yana cikin haɗa amfani da albarkatu masu yawa na bambance-bambance—tsawon raƙuman haske (launi), ƙananan masu ɗaukar kaya (mitoci), da daidaitaccen DC-bias—a cikin sararin siginar mai girma don cimma ingantaccen ƙarfin wutar lantarki da ƙimar bayanai yayin bin ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatun haske.

2. Hanyar Tsakiya: DCI-JCFM

An tsara tsarin DCI-JCFM don shawo kan iyakokin tsare-tsaren motsi da aka raba inda kowane LED ke motsawa da kansa.

2.1 Sararin Siginar Mai Girma

Hanyar tana gina taurari a cikin sarari mai girma da aka kafa ta hanyar samfurin Cartesian na albarkatun da ake da su:

• Girma na Launi: Yana dace da tsawon raƙuman R, G, da B na LED.
• Girma na Mitoci: Yana dace da ƙananan masu ɗaukar kaya da yawa.
• Girma na DC-Bias: Wani sashi na DC mai daidaitawa, mai ɗauke da bayanai, wanda ya wuce rawar da ba ta ɗauke da bayanai ba.

Wannan hanyar tana amfani da ainihin ƙa'idar tattara ƙwallo, inda sarari mafi girma ke ba da damar tsara maki taurari cikin ƙanƙanta, don haka yana ƙara Mafi ƙarancin Tazarar Euclidean (MED) tsakanin su don wani kasafin ƙarfi da aka ba da shi.

2.2 Tsarin Matsala & Ƙuntatawa

An tsara ƙirar taurari a matsayin matsala mai ingantawa mara ma'ana tare da manufar rage ƙimar kuskuren alama (ko haɓaka MED) don ingantaccen yanayin haske. Mahimmanci, ya haɗa da ƙuntatawa da yawa na musamman na VLC:

• Ƙuntataccen Ƙarfin Haske: Yana iyakance matsakaicin ƙarfin tuƙi/tsananin haske don kowane LED.
• Ƙuntataccen Matsakaicin Launi: Yana tabbatar da cewa hasken da aka fitar na matsakaicin lokaci ya cika maƙasudin farin batu (misali, D65) don daidaitaccen haske.
• Ƙuntataccen Ba Maras Kyau: Duk siginonin tuƙi dole ne su kasance masu kyau (buƙatar IM/DD).
• Ƙuntataccen Ingancin Haske: Ya haɗa da Fihirisar Fitar Launi (CRI) da Ingantaccen Haske na Radiation (LER) don kiyaye ingancin haske.

3. Aiwatar da Fasaha

3.1 Tsarin Lissafi

Ana iya wakiltar siginar da aka aika don lokacin alama a matsayin: $$\mathbf{x} = \mathbf{\Phi}\mathbf{s} + \mathbf{b}$$ inda $\mathbf{s}$ shine siginar alamar da ke ɗauke da bayanai daga taurarin mai girma, $\mathbf{\Phi}$ matrix ne da ke wakiltar taswira zuwa ƙananan masu ɗaukar kaya da tashoshin launi, kuma $\mathbf{b}$ shine siginar DC-bias mai daidaitawa, wanda kansa yana ɗauke da bayanai a cikin DCI-JCFM. An tsara matsala mai ingantawa kamar haka: $$\max_{\mathcal{C}} \quad d_{min}(\mathcal{C})$$ $$\text{batun: } \quad P_{avg}(\mathcal{C}) \leq P_{max}, \quad \bar{\mathbf{c}}(\mathcal{C}) = \mathbf{c}_{target}, \quad \mathbf{x} \succeq 0, \quad \text{CRI} \geq \tau_{CRI}, \quad \text{LER} \geq \tau_{LER}$$ inda $\mathcal{C}$ shine taurarin, $d_{min}$ shine MED, $P_{avg}$ shine matsakaicin ƙarfi, kuma $\bar{\mathbf{c}}$ shine siginar matsakaicin launi.

3.2 Hanyar Ingantawa

Matsala mai haɓaka MED mara ma'ana a ƙarƙashin ƙuntatawa da yawa tana da wahala. Marubutan suna amfani da dabarar sassautawa ta amfani da kimanin layi don canza shi zuwa jerin ƙananan matsala masu ma'ana, waɗanda za a iya warware su yadda ya kamata ta amfani da masu warware matsala na yau da kullun kamar CVX.

4. Sakamakon Gwaji & Aiki

Takardar ta gabatar da sakamakon kwaikwayo da ke kwatanta DCI-JCFM da tsarin rabuwa na tushe inda aka tsara taurari daban don kowane LED. An kimanta aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin haske guda uku:

1. Daidaitaccen Haske: Matsakaicin ƙarfi daidai gwargwado don R, G, B.
2. Haske mara Daidaituwa: Matsakaicin ƙarfi daban-daban a matsakaici.
3. Haske mara Daidaituwa Sosai: Matsakaicin ƙarfi daban-daban sosai (misali, launi ɗaya ya fi rinjaye).

Babban Binciken:

• DCI-JCFM koyaushe yana fiye da tsarin rabuwa dangane da Ƙimar Kuskuren Bit (BER) a duk matakan Sigina-zuwa-Yanayi (SNR).
• Ribarin aikin ya fi bayyana a cikin yanayin mara daidaituwa da mara daidaituwa sosai. Wannan yana nuna fa'idar haɗin ingantawa lokacin da ƙuntataccen haske ya iyakance ƙarfin da ake da shi akan kowane tashar launi ba daidai ba.
• Taurarin mai girma yana "raba" kasafin ƙarfi da sararin lissafi a ko'ina cikin girma (launi, ƙananan masu ɗaukar kaya, DC-bias), wanda ke haifar da MED mafi girma fiye da jimillar taurarin ƙananan girma waɗanda aka inganta su da kansu.

Bayanin Ginshiƙi: Ginshiƙin BER da aka zata vs. SNR zai nuna lanƙwasa biyu. Lanƙwasa DCI-JCFM zai kasance ƙasa sosai (aiki mafi kyau) fiye da lanƙwasa tsarin rabuwa, tare da tazarar da ke ƙaruwa yayin da yanayin haske ya zama mara daidaituwa.

5. Tsarin Bincike & Nazarin Lamari

Tsarin don Kimanta Tsare-tsaren Motsi na VLC:

1. Gano Albarkatu: Lissafa duk matakan 'yanci da ake da su (misali, launuka, ƙananan masu ɗaukar kaya, rafukan sarari, ramukan lokaci, DC-bias).
2. Ƙirar Ƙuntatawa: Ayyana duk ƙuntatawa na zahiri (haske, lantarki, ingancin haske) a hukumance.
3. Haɗawa vs. Rarrabuwa: Bincika ciniki. Rarrabuwa yana sauƙaƙa ƙira amma yana yin sadaukar da ribar haɗin gwiwa da za a iya samu. Haɗawa yana ƙara rikitarwa amma yana iya buɗe iyakokin aiki mafi girma.
4. Binciken Girma: Kimanta ko matsala ta amfana da jefa ta cikin sarari mafi girma (ribar tattara ƙwallo vs. farashin ingantawa/rikitarwa).
5. Benchmarking: Kwatanta da mahimman abubuwan tushe (misali, ƙirar rabuwa, tsare-tsare na zamani) a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na aiki.

Nazarin Lamari - Hasken Ofis Mai Hikima: Yi la'akari da ofis inda farin haske da ake so yana da launin "dumi" (ja/rawaya da yawa). Wannan maƙasudin launi ne mara daidaituwa sosai. Tsarin rabuwa zai yi wahala saboda ƙarfin LED shuɗi yana da ƙuntatawa sosai. Duk da haka, DCI-JCFM na iya ba da ƙarin ƙarfin siginar zuwa girma na ja da kore (ƙananan masu ɗaukar kaya da DC-bias akan waɗannan launuka) yayin amfani da ƙuntataccen girma na shuɗi kaɗan ko cikin haɗin kai mai wayo tare da wasu, yana kiyaye maƙasudin launi gaba ɗaya yayin samun ingantaccen aikin sadarwa.

6. Bincike Mai Mahimmanci & Ra'ayi na Kwararru

Babban Fahimta: Wannan takarda ba wani ƙarin gyara ne kawai ba; canji ne na asali a falsafar ƙirar VLC. Ya yi nasarar bayar da hujjar cewa rabuwar "aikin haske" da "aikin sadarwa" na gargajiya rarrabuwar karya ce wacce ke barin aiki akan tebur. Ta hanyar sanya DC-bias ya zama mai bayar da bayanai da haɗin ingantawa a ko'ina cikin dukkan girma na zahiri da ake da su, DCI-JCFM yana ɗaukar mai watsa LED RGB a matsayin mai motsa jiki guda ɗaya, mai girma gaba ɗaya. Wannan yayi kama da nasarar da aka samu a cikin tsarin MIMO inda sarrafa haɗin gwiwa a kan eriya ke haifar da riba mai yawa fiye da sarrafa eriya guda ɗaya. Gaskiyar hazaka ita ce tilasta wannan ingantaccen girma mai girma ya bi ƙaƙƙarfan ƙuntatawa, marasa layi na hasken da ya dace da ɗan adam—matsala mai wuyar gaske da suka fuskanta kai tsaye.

Kwararar Ma'ana: Ma'ana tana da ban sha'awa: 1) VLC yana da albarkatu na musamman, haɗaɗɗu (launi, tsanani, daidaitaccen bias). 2) Tarin girma mafi girma yana ba da riba ta ka'ida. 3) Haske na zahiri yana sanya ƙuntatawa maras sasantawa. 4) Don haka, tsara haɗin gwiwa, ƙuntatacce, ingantaccen girma mai girma. 5) Warware shi tare da sassauci mai ma'ana. 6) Tabbatar da riba, musamman inda ƙuntatawa suka cije sosai (haske mara daidaituwa). Kwararar daga abin da ya sa zuwa tsari zuwa mafita zuwa tabbatarwa yana da tsabta kuma mai ƙarfi.

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai:

• Ƙarfi: Tsarin matsala yana da misali—cikakke kuma na zahiri. Mayar da hankali kan haske mara daidaituwa babban fasaha ne, yana nuna ƙimar hanyar a cikin saitunan zahiri, marasa kyau. Haɗin kai zuwa ainihin ka'idar bayanai (tarin ƙwallo) yana da inganci.
• Kurakurai: Giwa a cikin ɗaki shine rikitarwa. Sassauci mai ma'ana da warwarewa akai-akai, duk da yuwuwar kashe wuta don taurari da aka kayyade, bazai iya daidaitawa da yanayin aiki ba. Takardar ba ta yi magana game da Tasirin Matsakaicin Ƙarfi zuwa Matsakaici (PAPR) na hanyar sa ta ƙananan masu ɗaukar kaya da yawa ba—shaidan da aka sani a cikin RFC da VLC wanda zai iya lalata riba ta hanyar karkatarwa mara layi. Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin ayyuka kamar "Rage Matsakaicin Ƙarfi zuwa Matsakaici a Tsarin OFDM" (IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2008), babban PAPR mummunan nakasa ne na zahiri. Bugu da ƙari, binciken ya ɗauka cewa madaidaicin samfurin LED na layi ne, yana karkata daga mahimman ayyukan canja wuri marasa layi na ainihin LED RGB, wanda zai iya canza geometry da aikin taurari sosai.

Abubuwan Fahimta Masu Aiki: Don ƙungiyoyin R&D na masana'antu: Wannan tsari ne don ƙirar guntu na VLC na gaba. Ya kamata a ba da fifiko ga haɓaka ƙididdiga masu kusan, ƙididdiga masu ƙanƙanta waɗanda ke ɗaukar kashi 80% na ribar DCI-JCFM don aiwatarwa na ainihin lokaci. Yi haɗin gwiwa tare da masana haske don yin samfurin daidai na rashin layi na LED da ƙuntataccen kimiyyar launi a cikin madauki na ingantawa. Ga masana ilimi: Mataki na gaba shine haɗa bambance-bambancen sarari (LED da yawa) cikin wannan tsari, ƙirƙirar haɗin gwiwar "Launi-Sarari-Mitoci" don MIMO na Haske. Hakanan, bincika masu warware matsala na tushen koyon inji (wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa gare su ta hanyar ayyuka kamar "Koyon Zurfi don Ƙirar Taurari" a cikin IEEE JSAC) don sarrafa ingantaccen, ƙuntataccen ingantawa fiye da hanyoyin sassauci na gargajiya.

7. Aikace-aikace na Gaba & Hanyoyin Bincike

• Li-Fi a cikin Yanayi Mai Ƙarfi: Haɗawa da tsarin haske mai hikima inda zafin launi ke daidaitawa cikin yini (misali, hasken circadian). DCI-JCFM na iya daidaita taurarinsa cikin ainihin lokaci don kiyaye mafi kyawun ƙimar bayanai a ƙarƙashin ƙuntataccen launi mai canzawa.
• VLC na Ƙarƙashin Ruwa (UVLC): Tsawon raƙuman ruwa daban-daban (launi) suna fama da raguwa daban-daban a cikin ruwa. Tsarin haske mara daidaituwa na DCI-JCFM ya dace da ingantaccen sadarwa ta "taga shuɗi-kore" yayin samar da hasken da ake buƙata don ayyukan ƙarƙashin ruwa.
• VLC don Noma daidai: A cikin masana'antun shuka masu amfani da girke-girke na haske na musamman (misali, nau'in haske mai nauyi ja/shuɗi don girma lettuce), DCI-JCFM na iya ba da damar hanyoyin sadarwar na'urar firikwensin mara waya da sarrafa watsa bayanai ba tare da tsoma baki tare da buƙatun haske na photosynthesis daidai ba.
• Mai Daidaita Dan Adam & Hanyoyin Binciken Lafiya: Tsarin gaba zai iya haɗin ƙira haske don sadarwa, jin daɗin ɗan adam, har ma da hanyar binciken lafiya (misali, ta amfani da canje-canjen haske masu sauƙi). Tsarin DCI-JCFM mai sanin ƙuntatawa yana ba da tushen lissafi don irin wannan ingantaccen manufa da yawa.
• Hanyar Bincike - Rashin Kammala Kayan Aiki: Muhimmin aikin gaba dole ne ya magance tasirin rashin layi na LED, karkatar da tsawon raƙuman ruwa tare da zafin jiki, da tsufa akan taurarin mai girma. Dabarun ƙira masu ƙarfi da daidaitawa za su zama dole.
• Hanyar Bincike - Daidaitawa: Ka'idojin DCI-JCFM za su iya ba da labari ga ƙa'idodin VLC na gaba (misali, bayan IEEE 802.15.7), haɓaka ingantaccen amfani da yanayin haske da kasancewa tare da haske.

8. Nassoshi

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