Ƙaramin Guntu Mai Tashoshi 32 na Tushen Wutar Lantarki don Ƙarfafa Optogenetic a cikin Beraye Masu Tafiya Kyauta

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

• 1. Gabatarwa
• 2. Tsarin Gine-gine
  • 2.1 Zane na Headstage
  • 2.2 Tushen Wutar Lantarki na ASIC
  • 2.3 Gyara da Sarrafawa
• 3. Sakamakon Gwaji
  • 3.1 Halayen Lantarki
  • 3.2 Tabbatarwa a Jiki
• 4. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha da Dabaru
• 5. Tsarin Bincike: Nazarin Shari'a
• 6. Aikace-aikace na Gaba da Hasashe
• 7. Bincike na Asali
• 8. Manazarta

1. Gabatarwa

Fahimtar hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi yana buƙatar rikodi da sarrafa ayyukan jijiyoyi a lokaci guda. Optogenetics yana ba da damar sarrafa haske daidai, amma isar da haske zuwa zurfin sassan kwakwalwa a cikin dabbobi masu tafiya kyauta yana da wahala. Wannan aikin yana gabatar da ƙaramin guntu mai tashoshi 32 na tushen wutar lantarki wanda aka haɗa a cikin PCB na kai mai nauyin 1.37g, wanda aka tsara don tafiyar da µLEDs akan binciken silicon don ƙarfafa optogenetic a cikin beraye masu tafiya kyauta.

2. Tsarin Gine-gine

2.1 Zane na Headstage

PCB na kai yana da nauyin 1.37g kuma ya haɗa da ASIC na musamman, microcontroller, da masu haɗi don binciken µLED da headstage na rikodi. An tsara shi don hawa a kan bera mai tafiya kyauta ba tare da hana halayen halitta ba.

2.2 Tushen Wutar Lantarki na ASIC

ASIC yana ba da tushen wutar lantarki masu zaman kansu 32 tare da ƙuduri na 10-bit. Kowane tashoshi na iya tafiyar da µLEDs har zuwa 4.6V kuma ya samar da har zuwa 0.9mA a ƙimar sabuntawa na 5 kHz a kowane tashoshi. Zane yana magance babban ƙarfin gaba na ƙananan µLEDs shuɗi da tsarin cathode gama gari na binciken da aka haɗa.

2.3 Gyara da Sarrafawa

Gyara a kan binciken µLED yana ba da damar sarrafa ƙarfin fitar da haske na layi har zuwa 10 µW a kowane µLED. Tsarin yana haɗawa da headstages na rikodi da ake samu a kasuwa (misali, Intan RHD2000) don rikodi da ƙarfafa aiki tare.

3. Sakamakon Gwaji

3.1 Halayen Lantarki

Tsarin yana samun matsakaicin ƙarfin fitarwa na 4.6V da wutar lantarki har zuwa 0.9mA a kowane tashoshi. Ƙudurin 10-bit yana ba da damar sarrafa ƙarfin haske daidai. Ƙimar sabuntawa na 5 kHz tana goyan bayan tsarin ƙarfafa mai girma.

3.2 Tabbatarwa a Jiki

An samar da jerin ayyukan jijiyoyi na roba ta hanyar tafiyar da µLEDs da yawa da aka dasa a yankin hippocampal CA1 na bera mai tafiya kyauta. Tsarin ya nuna babban ƙuduri na sarari, lokaci, da girma, yana ba da damar nau'ikan tsarin ƙarfafa masu yawa.

4. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha da Dabaru

Tushen wutar lantarki ya dogara ne akan tsarin famfon wutar lantarki na Howland da aka gyara. Wutar fitarwa $I_{out}$ ana bayarwa ta:

$I_{out} = \frac{V_{in}}{R_{sense}} \cdot \frac{R_2}{R_1}$

inda $V_{in}$ shine ƙarfin shigarwa daga DAC, $R_{sense}$ shine resistor na hankali, kuma $R_1$, $R_2$ sune resistors na mayarwa. DAC na 10-bit yana ba da $2^{10} = 1024$ matakan wutar lantarki daban-daban.

Rashin wutar lantarki a kowane tashoshi shine $P = I_{out} \cdot V_{drop}$, inda $V_{drop}$ shine raguwar ƙarfin lantarki a kan tushen wutar lantarki. Ga ƙarfin gaba na µLED na 3.5V da samar da 5V, $V_{drop} = 1.5V$, yana haifar da $P = 0.9mA \cdot 1.5V = 1.35mW$ a kowane tashoshi a matsakaicin wutar lantarki.

5. Tsarin Bincike: Nazarin Shari'a

Halin: Wani mai bincike yana son bincika rawar da ƙwayoyin wuri na hippocampal ke takawa a cikin kewayawa ta sarari ta amfani da optogenetics.

Saiti: Bera da aka dasa da binciken silicon wanda ya haɗa da µLEDs 32 da na'urorin rikodi a CA1. An haɗa PCB na kai, kuma an sanya bera a kan hanya madaidaiciya.

Tsari: Mai bincike ya tsara jerin ƙarfafa wanda ke kunna µLEDs a cikin wani tsari na sarari na musamman (misali, tabo mai motsi na haske) don kwaikwayi ayyukan ƙwayoyin wuri. Ƙudurin 10-bit na tsarin yana ba da damar sarrafa ƙarfin haske daidai don guje wa lalacewar nama yayin da yake daidaita ayyukan jijiyoyi yadda ya kamata.

Sakamako: Tsarin yana ba da damar gwaje-gwajen madauki rufe inda ayyukan jijiyoyi da aka rikoda ke haifar da takamaiman tsarin ƙarfafa, yana ba da haske game da alaƙar sanadi tsakanin ayyukan jijiyoyi da hali.

6. Aikace-aikace na Gaba da Hasashe

Ƙaramin guntu na tushen wutar lantarki yana buɗe sabbin dama don:

• Optogenetics madauki rufe: Bincike na ainihi na rikodin jijiyoyi don haifar da tsarin ƙarfafa, yana ba da damar sarrafa mayarwa na hanyoyin jijiyoyi.
• Ƙarfafa wurare da yawa: Sarrafa mai zaman kansa na µLEDs 32 yana ba da damar tsarin ƙarfafa na sarari-lokaci mai rikitarwa don bincika yanayin jijiyoyi.
• Haɗin kai da tsarin mara waya: Siffofin gaba na iya haɗa da wutar lantarki mara waya da watsa bayanai don gwaje-gwajen da ba a haɗa su gaba ɗaya ba.
• Aikace-aikace na asibiti: Ana iya daidaita ƙananan direbobi don na'urorin da za a dasa a cikin mutane don maganin neuromodulation na warkewa.

7. Bincike na Asali

Mahimmanci: Wannan takarda tana magance wani muhimmin matsalar a cikin optogenetics: rashin ƙaramin direban wutar lantarki mai ƙuduri mai girma don µLEDs wanda za a iya amfani da shi a cikin dabbobi masu tafiya kyauta. Sabon abu shine haɗin guntu na tushen wutar lantarki mai tashoshi 32, 10-bit a cikin wani ɗan ƙaramin kai, yana ba da damar sarrafa haske daidai ba tare da lalata halayen dabba ba.

Tsarin Tunani: Marubutan sun gano gibin da ke tsakanin headstages na rikodi da ake samu a kasuwa da manyan kayan ƙarfafa. Sun tsara ASIC na musamman don biyan takamaiman buƙatun µLEDs (babban ƙarfin gaba, tsarin cathode gama gari). An bayyana tsarin ta hanyar lantarki kuma an tabbatar da shi a jiki ta hanyar tafiyar da ayyukan jijiyoyi na roba a cikin hippocampus.

Ƙarfi da Rashi: Babban ƙarfin shine zane mai amfani, wanda aka kori ta aikace-aikace wanda ke haɗawa da tsarin rikodi na yanzu. Ƙudurin 10-bit da ƙimar sabuntawa na 5 kHz suna da ban sha'awa ga ƙaramin na'ura. Duk da haka, takarda ba ta da cikakken kwatanta da ƙananan direbobi na yanzu (misali, [19]-[27]) dangane da girman, amfani da wutar lantarki, da aiki. Tabbatarwa a jiki ya iyakance ga ayyukan roba; gwaje-gwajen madauki rufe na gaske za su ƙarfafa ikirarin. Bugu da ƙari, nauyin tsarin (1.37g) na iya zama mahimmanci ga ƙananan beraye.

Abubuwan Aiki: Masu bincike ya kamata su yi la'akari da wannan tsarin don gwaje-gwajen da ke buƙatar sarrafa optogenetic mai ƙuduri mai girma, wurare da yawa a cikin dabbobi masu tafiya kyauta. Tsarin buɗe (mai jituwa da headstages na Intan) yana rage shingen karɓa. Aikin gaba ya kamata ya mayar da hankali kan rage girman da amfani da wutar lantarki, ƙara damar mara waya, da nuna sarrafa madauki rufe. Hanyar ta yi daidai da manyan abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin ƙananan hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin haɓaka binciken Neuropixels (Jun et al., Nature 2017) da tsarin optogenetic mara waya (Wentz et al., J. Neural Eng. 2011).

8. Manazarta

1. J. J. Jun et al., "Fully integrated silicon probes for high-density recording of neural activity," Nature, vol. 551, pp. 232-236, 2017.
2. C. T. Wentz et al., "A wirelessly powered and controlled device for optical neural control of freely-behaving animals," J. Neural Eng., vol. 8, no. 4, 046021, 2011.
3. E. Stark et al., "Diode probes for spatiotemporal optical control of multiple neurons in freely moving animals," J. Neurophysiol., vol. 108, pp. 349-363, 2012.
4. F. Wu et al., "An implantable neural probe with monolithically integrated dielectric waveguide and recording electrodes for optogenetics," J. Neural Eng., vol. 14, no. 2, 026012, 2017.
5. K. Deisseroth, "Optogenetics: 10 years of microbial opsins in neuroscience," Nat. Neurosci., vol. 18, pp. 1213-1225, 2015.