EL20X/EL21X Series 8-Pin SOP Phototransistor Optocoupler Datasheet - SO-8 Package - 3750Vrms Isolation Voltage - Technical Documentation

1. Product Overview

Familia ya bidhaa za kuunganisha kwa mwanga (photocoupler) za mfululizo wa EL20X na EL21X zinategemea phototransistor na zinafunga kwa kifurushi kidogo cha kawaida cha pini 8 (SOP). Vifaa hivi hutoa kutengwa kwa umeme kati ya saketi mbili kwa kutumia diode inayotoa mwanga wa infrared (LED) kuhamisha ishara hadi kwenye kigunduzi cha phototransistor. Kazi yao kuu ni kuhamisha ishara za umeme kwenye kizuizi cha kutengwa bila muunganisho wowote wa moja kwa moja wa umeme, na hivyo kuzuia voltage kubwa au kelele kusambaa kutoka saketi moja hadi nyingine.

Faida kuu ya familia hii ni ukubwa wake mdogo wa kifurushi cha SO-8 unaolingana na viwango vya tasnia, ukichanganywa na utendakazi wa nguvu wa kutengwa. Sifa kuu ni pamoja na voltage ya juu ya kutengwa hadi 3750 V_rms, anuwai pana ya joto la uendeshaji kutoka -55°C hadi +110°C, na voltage ya juu ya kuvunjika kwa collector-emitter (BV_{Mkurugenzi Mtendaji Mkuu}). Kifaa kinatoa viwango mbalimbali vya uwiano wa uhamishaji wa mkondo (CTR), hivyo kubaruhusu wabunifu kuchagua aina iliyoboreshwa kulingana na mahitaji ya faida ya matumizi yao maalum. Inakidhi viwango vya mazingira na usalama, kama vile bila halojeni, bila risasi, inalingana na viwango vya RoHS, na ina uthibitisho wa UL/cUL, hivyo kuifanya inafaa kwa matumizi mapana ya kibiashara na viwanda.

1.1 Target Applications

Hizi optocoupler zimeundwa kwa ajili ya kazi za jumla za kutenganisha na kubadili katika mifumo ya elektroniki. Maeneo ya kawaida ya matumizi ni pamoja na:

• Saketi ya udhibiti wa maoni:Kutenganisha ishara ya maoni katika vyanzo vya umeme vya kubadili (SMPS) ili kudumisha udhibiti wa voltage na kulinda IC ya udhibiti.
• System Interface:Coupling digital or analog signals between circuits at different ground potentials or voltage levels, for example, in the interface between a microcontroller and a motor driver or industrial I/O module.
• General-Purpose Switch:Badilisha relay za mitambo, kutekeleza swichi ya ishara imara isiyo na kelele.
• Mzunguko wa ufuatiliaji na kugundua:Inatumika katika hali ambapo kutengwa kwa usalama, kugundua hitilafu, au ukaguzi wa mstari ni muhimu.

2. In-depth Technical Parameter Analysis

Sehemu hii inatoa ufafanuzi wa kina na usio na upendeleo wa vigezo muhimu vya umeme na vya macho vilivyobainishwa katika karatasi ya data.

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

Hizi viwango vya kawaida vinafafanua mipaka ya mkazo inayoweza kusababisha uharibifu wa kudumu wa kifaa. Uendeshaji chini ya hali hizi hauhakikishwi.

• Mchakato wa sasa wa mwelekeo mzuri (I_F):60 mA (endelevu). Kwa msukumo mfupi sana (10 µs), kilele cha sasa cha mwelekeo mzuri (I_FM) is 1 A, which is related to the surge condition during the turn-on period.
• Input reverse voltage (V_R):6 V. The reverse breakdown voltage of the input LED is relatively low; care must be taken in circuit design to avoid applying reverse bias.
• Output collector-emitter voltage (V_{Mkurugenzi Mtendaji Mkuu}):80 V. This is the maximum voltage that can be sustained between the collector and emitter of the phototransistor when the base is open (no light input).
• Total power dissipation (P_TOT):240 mW. Hii ndiyo nguvu ya jumla ya juu ambayo LED ya kuingiza na transistor ya kutolea inaweza kutawanywa. Kikomo cha pekee cha kuingiza (P_D) na kutolea (P_C) ni 90 mW na 150 mW mtawalia.
• Voltage ya kutengwa (V_ISO):3750 V_rms, for a duration of 1 minute. This is a critical safety parameter, tested by applying this AC voltage between all shorted input pins (1-4) and all shorted output pins (5-8). It verifies the dielectric strength of the internal insulation.
• Operating and Storage Temperature:-55°C to +110°C (operating), -55°C to +125°C (storage). The wide range ensures reliability in harsh environments.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

Vigezo hivi vinapimwa chini ya hali za kawaida za majaribio (isipokuwa ikitajwa, Ta=25°C), na vinafafanua utendakazi wa kifaa.

2.2.1 Sifa za Ingizo (LED)

• Voltage ya Mbele (V_F):Typical value 1.3V, maximum 1.5V at I_F= 10 mA. This is used to calculate the current-limiting resistor required for the LED driving circuit.
• Reverse current (I_R):Maximum 100 µA at V_R= 6V, indicating the leakage current of the LED in the off state.

2.2.2 Sifa za Pato (Phototransistor)

• Collector-Emitter Dark Current (I_{Mkurugenzi Mtendaji Mkuu}):Maximum 100 µA at V_CE= 10V, I_F= 0mA, maximum 50 nA. This is the leakage current of the phototransistor when no light is incident, which is important for determining the signal level of the "off" state.
• Collector-emitter saturation voltage (V_CE(sat)):Katika I_F= 10mA, I_C= 2mA, kiwango cha juu ni 0.4V. Wakati kifaa kinatumika kama swichi, voltage ya chini ya kujaa husaidia kupunguza kiwango cha kushuka kwa voltage na upotezaji wa nguvu.

2.2.3 Transfer Characteristics

Kigezo muhimu zaidi cha optocoupler ni uwiano wa uhamishaji wa sasa (CTR).

• Ufafanuzi:CTR = (I_C/ I_F) * 100%, ambapo I_Cni mkondo wa kolekta ya transistor inayohisi mwanga, I_Fni mkondo wa mbele wa LED. Inaonyesha ufanisi wa kubadilisha mkondo wa pembejeo kuwa mkondo wa pato.
• Mfumo wa kiwango:This series is divided into specific CTR grades to ensure design consistency.
  • EL20X series (standard CTR at I_F=10mA):EL205 (40-80%), EL206 (63-125%), EL207 (100-200%), EL208 (160-320%).
  • EL21X series (at I_F=10mA minimum CTR):EL211（>20%）、EL212（>50%）、EL213（>100%）。
  • Low current CTR (at I_F=1mA):Different models (EL215, EL216, EL217) are specified for operation at lower LED currents, indicating that CTR depends on I_F.
• Switching speed:Under specified test conditions (V_{=10V, I}=2mA, R_{=100Ω), typical turn-on time (t}on_r) na muda ya kuwasha (t_foff_CC) ni 3.0 µs kila moja, muda wa kupanda (t_C) is 1.6 µs, and the fall time (t_L) is 2.2 µs. These parameters limit the maximum frequency of the signal that can be transmitted.
• Isolation parameters:Isolation resistance (R_IO) Kawaida thamani ni 10¹¹Ω, input and output capacitance (C_IO) typical value is 0.5 pF. Low capacitance is crucial for maintaining high common-mode transient immunity (CMTI) in noisy environments.

3. Performance Curve Analysis

Although the provided PDF excerpt mentions typical characteristic curves but does not show them, their general purpose and impact on design are explained as follows.

3.1 Uwiano wa Uhamishaji wa Mkondo (CTR) dhidi ya Mkondo wa Mbele (I_F)

Mkunjo wa kawaida unaonyesha kuwa CTR sio thabiti. Kwa kawaida hufikia kilele katika I_Fmaalum (kwa vifaa kama hivi kwa kawaida kati ya 1-10 mA), na hupungua kwenye mikondo ya chini na ya juu. Wabunifu lazima warejelee mkunjo huu ili kuchagua sehemu bora ya kufanya kazi inayotoa faida ya kutosha na mstari kwa matumizi yao.

3.2 Uhusiano wa CTR na Joto

CTR ina mgawo hasi wa joto; inapungua kadiri halijoto ya mazingira inavyoongezeka. Sifa hii ni muhimu sana kwa muundo unaofanya kazi katika anuwai kamili ya joto ya -55°C hadi +110°C. Muundo wa sakiti lazima uhakikishe kuwa inafanya kazi ipasavyo hata kwenye halijoto ya juu inayotarajiwa (ambapo CTR ni ndogo zaidi) (mfano, mwinuko wa pato wa kutosha au uwezo wa kubadili).

3.3 Uhusiano wa Mto wa Collector na Voltage ya Collector-Emitter

This set of curves with different I_Fvalues as parameters illustrates the output characteristics of the phototransistor. It demonstrates the saturation region (where V_CEis low and I_Cis primarily determined by I_FControl) and the active/linear region. This is crucial for designing linear isolation amplifiers or ensuring the device is fully saturated when used as a switch.

4. Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungaji

4.1 Usanidi wa Pini

The pin arrangement for the 8-pin SOP package is as follows:Pin 1:Anode,Pin 2:Kathodi,Pini 3, 4, 8:Hakuna Muunganisho (NC),Pin 5:Emitter,Pin 6:Collector,Pin 7:Base. The base pin is brought out externally, which provides design flexibility. It can be left floating for maximum sensitivity, connected to the emitter through a resistor to reduce sensitivity and increase switching speed, or used for feedback in specific configurations.

4.2 Package Dimensions and PCB Layout

This device complies with the standard SO-8 package dimensions. The datasheet contains detailed mechanical drawings with dimensions in millimeters. A recommended surface-mount assembly land pattern is also provided. Adhering to this land pattern is crucial for achieving reliable solder joints and preventing issues such as tombstoning during reflow soldering. The package outline ensures compatibility with automated pick-and-place equipment.

5. Mwongozo wa Uchomeaji na Usanikishaji

The absolute maximum rating for soldering temperature is 260°C for 10 seconds. This is a typical rating for lead-free reflow soldering processes. Standard guidelines from IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020 regarding Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) and reflow profiles should be followed. Devices should be stored in their original moisture barrier bag until use. If exposed to ambient humidity exceeding their MSL rating, baking is required prior to soldering to prevent "popcorn" damage during reflow.

6. Taarifa za Ufungaji na Maagizo

6.1 Model Naming Rules

Modeli hufuata muundo ufuatao:EL2XX(Y)-V

• XX:Model (05, 06, 07, 08, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17). Define CTR grade.
• Y:Tape and reel packaging option (TA, TB, or blank indicates tube).
• V:Optional suffix, indicating inclusion of VDE safety certification.

6.2 Packaging Options

• Tube packaging:100 pieces per tube. Suitable for prototyping or small-batch manual assembly.
• Tape and reel packaging:2,000 kwa kila roll. Imebuniwa mahsusi kwa mstari wa usanikishaji wa kiotomatiki wenye kiasi kikubwa. Waraka wa data una maelezo ya kina ya vipimo vya ukanda wa rolling (vipimo vya groove, upana wa ukanda, kipenyo cha roll).

6.3 Device Identification

Sehemu ya juu ya kifurushi imewekwa alama "EL" (msimbo wa mtengenezaji), nambari ya modeli (k.m. 207), msimbo wa mwaka mmoja (Y) na msimbo wa wiki mbili (WW). Kwa toleo lililothibitishwa na VDE, kunaweza kuwa na "V" ya hiari. Kitambulisho hiki huruhusu kufuatilia na kuthibitisha sehemu.

7. Application Design Considerations

7.1 Driving the Input LED

An LED must be driven using a current-limiting resistor. The resistor value is calculated as R_LIMIT= (V_DRIVE- V_F) / I_F. Use the maximum V from the datasheet_F, to ensure the required minimum I can be achieved under all conditions._F. For digital switches, considering the switching speed of the device, ensure the drive circuit can provide the necessary I_Fili kufikia hali ya pato inayohitajika ndani ya muda ulioombwa.

7.2 Output Circuit Design

imeunganishwa kati ya kolekta na V_Lmzigo wa upinzani (R_CC) determines the output voltage swing and switching speed. A smaller R_Lprovides faster switching speed (due to a smaller RC time constant), but results in a smaller output voltage swing and higher power consumption. A larger R_Lprovides a larger swing but slower speed. The selected I_Fand CTR must ensure that the phototransistor can sink sufficient current when turned on to pull the output voltage below the logic low threshold of the receiving circuit.

7.3 Using the Base Pin

Leaving the base pin (pin 7) open provides the highest CTR and sensitivity. Connecting a resistor (typically in the range of 100 kΩ to 1 MΩ) between the base and emitter (pin 5) shunts a portion of the photogenerated base current, reducing the effective gain (CTR) but significantly improving the switching speed, particularly the turn-off time (t_off). Hii ni usawa wa kawaida katika matumizi ya kutenganisha nambari za kasi.

7.4 Kuhakikisha Utoaji wa Kuegemea

Ili kudumisha voltage iliyopimwa ya kutenganisha, mpangilio sahihi wa PCB ni muhimu sana. Kulingana na viwango vya usalama vinavyohusika (kama IEC 60950, IEC 60601), hakikisha umbali wa kutosha wa kutambaa na pengo la umeme kati ya nyayo za shaba za upande wa ingizo na upande wa pato kwenye PCB. Kizuizi cha kutenganisha ndani ya kijenzi kimesajiliwa, lakini mpangilio wa PCB haupaswi kuukwaza.

8. Ulinganisho wa Teknolojia na Mwongozo wa Uchaguzi

Mfululizo wa EL20X/EL21X hutofautishwa na voltage yake ya kutengwa hadi V 3750_rmskatika kifurushi cha kawaida cha SO-8, ambayo ni ya juu kuliko vihusishi vya mwanga vya msingi vya pini 4. Ikilinganishwa na vihusishi vya mwanga vya dijiti vinavyotumia teknolojia ya CMOS, vihusishi vya mwanga vya transistor vya aina hii kwa kawaida huwa na kasi ya chini, CTR ya chini, na CTR hupungua kwa muda. Hata hivyo, hutoa ukandamizaji bora wa hali ya kawaida, urahisi, na uthabiti kwa kutenganisha ishara za DC na AC za masafa ya chini. Vigezo muhimu vya kuchagua ni: voltage ya kutengwa inayohitajika, CTR muhimu chini ya sasa ya kufanya kazi I_Fkasi inayokubalika ya kubadili, na anuwai ya joto la kufanya kazi.

9. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (FAQ)

9.1 Kuna tofauti gani kati ya mfululizo wa EL20X na EL21X?

Mfululizo wa EL20X (EL205-EL208) unaweka kiwango cha chini na cha juu cha CTR (safu ya "grading"), hivyo kutoa udhibiti mkali wa vigezo. Mfululizo wa EL21X (EL211-EL213) unaweka tu kiwango cha chini cha CTR, jambo ambalo linaweza kusababisha usambazaji mpana zaidi wa thamani halisi, lakini gharama inaweza kuwa ndogo.

9.2 Joto linaathirije utendaji?

CTR hupungua kadiri joto linavyoongezeka. Ili kufanya kazi kwa uaminifu katika anuwai yote ya joto, mahesabu ya muundo yanapaswa kutumia CTR ndogo inayotarajiwa kwenye joto la juu la uendeshaji. Waraka wa data kwa kawaida hutoa mkunjo wa kupunguza thamani au mgawo wa joto kwa ajili hii.

9.3 Je, Kifaa Hiki Kinaweza Kutumika Kwa Kutenganisha Ishara za Analog?

Yes, but with limitations. The phototransistor response is nonlinear, and CTR varies with I_Fand temperature. For linear analog isolation, additional external circuitry (op-amp, feedback) is required to linearize the response, or dedicated linear optocouplers should be considered.

Je, chaguo "V" katika modeli 9.4 lina matumizi gani?

Kiambishi "-V" kinaonyesha kuwa kitengo maalum kimepitia majaribio na kuidhinishwa kukidhi viwango vya usalama vya VDE (Verein Deutscher Elektrotechniker) kuhusu insulation iliyoimarishwa. Hii kwa kawaida ni mahitaji ya bidhaa zinazouzwa kwenye soko la Ulaya.

10. Mfano halisi wa muundo

Scene:Isolate a 3.3V microcontroller GPIO pin to control a 12V relay coil on another circuit. The relay coil requires 50mA to energize.

Design Steps:

1. Uchaguzi wa Interface:Tumia optocoupler kama swichi ya upande wa chini ya relay. Microcontroller inaendesha upande wa LED. Phototransistor itachukua mkondo wa coil ya relay.
2. Uchaguzi wa Kifaa:Chagua mfano wenye CTR ya kutosha. I inayohitajika_C= 50mA. Ikiwa lengo ni kutoa I kutoka kwa MCU_F= 5mA, basi CTR ya chini inayohitajika = (50mA / 5mA)*100% = 1000%. Fototransista ya kawaida haiwezi kutoa thamani hii. Kwa hivyo, photocoupler lazima iendeshe transistor ndogo ("post-transistor"), kisha transistor hiyo idendeshe relay. Chagua EL207 (CTR 100-200%) ili kupata faida nzuri.
3. Saketi ya ingizo:MCU GPIO（3.3V）-> 限流电阻R1 -> EL207引脚1（阳极）和2（阴极）。R1 = (3.3V - 1.5V) / 0.005A = 360Ω（使用330Ω标准值）。
4. Output circuit:12V电源 -> 继电器线圈 -> EL207的集电极（引脚6）。发射极（引脚5）接地。必须在继电器线圈两端反向并联一个续流二极管，以保护光敏三极管在关断时免受电压尖峰的影响。可以在引脚7添加一个基极-发射极电阻（例如1 MΩ）以改善关断速度。
5. Verification:Katika I_FAt I_F =5mA, a minimum CTR of 100% can provide I_C_C= 5mA. This is sufficient to saturate a small BJT with high gain (e.g., 2N3904), which can then switch a 50mA relay coil.

11. Kanuni ya Uendeshaji

Optocoupler inaundwa na vipengele viwili vikuu, vilivyofungwa ndani ya kifurushi kisicho na nuru. Upande wa pembejeo, diode inayotoa mwanga wa infrared ya arsenidi ya gallium (GaAs) hubadilisha sasa kuwa mwanga wa infrared. Ukubwa wa mwanga huu unalingana moja kwa moja na sasa ya mbele (I_F) inayopita kwenye diode inayotoa mwanga. Mwanga huu hupita kwenye pengo la kujitenga lenye uwazi (kwa kawaida limejaa geli ya dielektriki) na kumwangazia transistor nyeti ya mwanga ya silikoni upande wa pato. Eneo la msingi la transistor nyeti ya mwanga limeundwa kuwa nyeti kwa urefu wa wimbi maalum la mwanga. Fotoni zinazoingia huzalisha jozi za elektroni na shimo katika kiunganishi cha msingi-kokotoa, na kuunda mkondo wa mwanga unaofanya kazi kama mkondo wa msingi. Kisha, mkondo huu wa msingi unaozalishwa na mwanga hukuza kwa faida ya sasa ya transistor (h_FE), na kuzalisha mkondo mkubwa zaidi wa kokotoa (I_C). Ratio I_C/I_Fis the Current Transfer Ratio (CTR). The key point is that the signal is transmitted via light, providing electrical isolation determined by the physical properties of the internal insulating material and the distance between the LED and the transistor.

12. Mwelekeo wa Teknolojia

Optocouplers based on phototransistors, such as the EL20X/EL21X series, represent a mature and reliable isolation technology. Current trends in signal isolation include the increasing adoption of digital isolators based on CMOS technology and utilizing RF or capacitive coupling.Digital isolator。这些在速度（高达数百Mbps）、功耗、尺寸和寿命（无LED退化）方面具有显著优势。然而，传统光电耦合器在需要极高隔离电压（>5kV）、优异的共模瞬态抗扰度（CMTI）、简单性以及直流和低频隔离的成本效益的应用中仍保持强势地位。光电耦合器技术本身也在不断发展，例如将光敏三极管与基极-发射极电阻集成以提高速度（如基极引脚的可用性所示），以及开发具有更高爬电距离/电气间隙的封装以满足加强绝缘要求。