Table of Contents
- 1. Product Overview
- 1.1 Key Features and Advantages
- 2. Uchambuzi wa kina wa Vigezo vya Kiufundi
- 2.1 Viwango vya Juu Kabisa
- 2.2 Electrical and Optical Characteristics (at Ambient Temperature Ta=25°C)
- 3. Mfumo wa Uainishaji Maelezo
- 4. Uchambuzi wa Mviringo wa Utendaji
- 5. Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungaji
- 5.1 Vipimo vya Ufungaji na Ufafanuzi wa Pini
- 6. Soldering and Assembly Guide
- 7. Mapendekezo ya Utumiaji
- 7.1 Mandhari ya Kawaida ya Utumiaji
- 7.2 Design Considerations and Circuit Implementation
- 8. Technical Comparison and Differentiation
- 9. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)
- 10. Mfano Halisi wa Ubunifu
- 11. Utangulizi wa Kanuni za Kiufundi
- 12. Technology Trends
1. Product Overview
LTS-5701AJF is a high-performance, single-digit, seven-segment LED display module. Its primary function is to provide clear and bright numeric and limited alphanumeric character display in electronic devices. Its core technology is based on Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP) semiconductor material, which is specifically designed to emit light in the yellow-orange spectrum. Compared to traditional technologies like Gallium Phosphide (GaP), this material system is renowned for its high efficiency and excellent brightness. The device features a gray panel with white segment markings, which significantly enhances contrast and readability under various lighting conditions. It is designed in a common anode configuration, which simplifies circuit design in many microcontroller-based applications, as sink current driving is often more straightforward.
1.1 Key Features and Advantages
Kio kionekana kina faida nyingi dhahiri, na hivyo kifaa hiki kinafaa kwa matumizi mbalimbali:
- Ukubwa bora wa herufi:Urefu wa herufi ni inchi 0.56 (milimita 14.22), na hii inatoa uwezo bora wa kuona kutoka umbali huku ukidumisha ukubwa mdogo wa kifaa.
- Bora la Ufanisi wa Macho:Inatumia chip ya AlInGaP, ikifanikisha mwangaza wa juu na tofauti kubwa ya rangi. Sehemu za msimbo zinazoendelea na sawa zinahakikisha umoja na uzuri wa muonekano wa herufi, bila nukta giza au hali isiyo ya kawaida.
- Pembe Pana ya Kuona:The design allows for clear visibility from a broad range of angles, which is critical for panel meters, instrumentation, and consumer electronics.
- Low power operation:It requires only a relatively low forward current to achieve good luminous intensity, resulting in high energy efficiency, making it suitable for battery-powered devices.
- Enhanced reliability:Kama kifaa thabiti, ina uwezo wa kuthibitika kwa kiwango cha juu, maisha marefu ya kazi, na uwezo wa kukabiliana na mshtuko na mtikisiko ikilinganishwa na vionyeshi vya mitambo au vya mwangaza wa utofauti.
- Uhakikisho wa Ubora:Vifaa vinapangwa kulingana na nguvu ya mwanga (grading), kuhakikisha uthabiti wa mwangaza kati ya vikundi tofauti vya uzalishaji, na hivyo kufanikisha usawa wa muonekano wa jopo la kuonyesha.
2. Uchambuzi wa kina wa Vigezo vya Kiufundi
Sehemu hii inatoa ufafanuzi wa kina na usio na upendeleo wa vigezo vya umeme na vya macho vilivyobainishwa katika hati ya maelezo. Kuelewa maadili haya ni muhimu kwa usanifu sahihi wa saketi na kuhakikisha uimara wa muda mrefu.
2.1 Viwango vya Juu Kabisa
These ratings define the stress limits that may cause permanent damage to the device. Operation at or beyond these limits is not guaranteed, and reliable design should avoid such conditions.
- Power consumption per segment (70 mW):Hii ndiyo nguvu ya juu ambayo sehemu moja ya LED inaweza kutawanywa kwa usalama kama joto chini ya uendeshaji endelevu. Kuzidi kikomo hiki kuna hatari ya kuharibika kwa makutano ya semiconductor kutokana na joto kupita kiasi, na kusababisha kuzeeka kwa kasi au kushindwa kwa ghafla.
- Kilele cha sasa cha mbele kwa kila sehemu (60 mA, uwiano wa kazi 1/10, upana wa msukumo 0.1ms):Ukadiriaji huu huruhusu matumizi ya msukumo mfupi wa sasa wa juu zaidi kufikia kilele cha papo hapo cha mwangaza, kwa mfano katika maonyesho ya kuzidisha au kuonyesha kwa mwangaza mkubwa. Vizuizi madhubuti vya uwiano wa kazi na upana wa msukumo ni muhimu sana; wastani wa sasa bado lazima ufanye kazi kulingana na ukadiriaji endelevu.
- Sasa endelevu cha mbele kwa kila sehemu (25 mA):Upeo unaopendekezwa wa mhimili mmoja katika hali thabiti, uendeshaji usio wa msukumo. Wakati joto la mazingira (Ta) linazidi 25°C, kipengele cha kupunguza mstari cha 0.33 mA/°C kimebainishwa. Hii inamaanisha kuwa ikiwa joto la mazingira linaongezeka hadi 50°C, upeo unaoruhusiwa wa mhimili wa mwendelezo utakuwa: 25 mA - ((50°C - 25°C) * 0.33 mA/°C) = 25 mA - 8.25 mA =16.75 mA.
- Voltage ya nyuma kwa kila sehemu (5 V):The maximum voltage that can be applied in the reverse bias direction to an LED segment. Exceeding this value may cause breakdown and damage the PN junction. If reverse voltage transients are possible, proper circuit design should include protective measures.
- Operating & Storage Temperature Range (-35°C to +85°C):Defines the environmental limits for reliable operation and non-operational storage.
- Joto la kuchomelea (260°C, kwa sekunde 3):Inatoa mwongozo kwa mchakato wa kuchomelea wimbi au kuchomelea tena, inabainisha joto la juu zaidi katika eneo maalum (takriban milimita 1.59 chini ya ndege ya usakinishaji) kwa muda uliowekwa, ili kuzuia uharibifu wa kifuniko cha plastiki na waya za ndani za kuunganisha.
2.2 Electrical and Optical Characteristics (at Ambient Temperature Ta=25°C)
Hizi ni vigezo vya kawaida vya utendaji chini ya masharti maalum ya majaribio. Zinatumika kwa mahesabu ya muundo na matarajio ya utendaji.
- Nguvu ya wastani ya mwanga (IV):Katika IF320-900 μcd at =1mA. This is a measure of the luminous intensity perceived by the human eye. The wide range (min: 320, typ: 900) indicates a binning process. Designers must use the minimum value for worst-case brightness calculations to ensure visibility under all conditions.
- Peak emission wavelength (λp):Katika IF611 nm (typ) at =20mA. This is the wavelength at which the spectral output is strongest, located in the yellow-orange region of the visible spectrum.
- Dominant wavelength (λd):Katika IF605 nm (typ) at =20mA. This is the single wavelength that the human eye perceives as the best match for the color of the emitted light. It is slightly lower than the peak wavelength, which is common for LEDs with a broader spectrum.
- Upanaaji wa nusu ya mstari wa wigo (Δλ):Katika IF=20mA ni 17 nm (kiwango cha kawaida). Kigezo hiki kinaonyesha usafi wa rangi. Thamani ya 17 nm ni ya upana wa wastani, ikitoa mwanga wa manjano-machungwa uliojaa lakini sio wa rangi moja.
- Kila sehemu ya voltage ya mbele (VF):Katika IF=20mA ni 2.05V (kiwango cha chini), 2.6V (kiwango cha kawaida). Hii ni punguzo la voltage kwenye ncha za LED inapofanya kazi. Ni muhimu sana kwa kuhesabu thamani ya kizuizi cha sasa: R = (VPower supply- VF) / IFUsing typical or maximum values ensures that the current does not exceed the required level.
- Reverse current per segment (IR):at VR=5V is 100 μA (max). This is the small leakage current that flows when the LED is reverse-biased within its maximum ratings.
- Luminous intensity matching ratio (IV-m):2:1 (maximum). This parameter specifies the maximum allowable brightness variation between different segments of the same digit or between different digits in a multi-digit display. A ratio of 2:1 means the brightest segment should not exceed twice the brightness of the dimmest segment, ensuring a uniform appearance.
3. Mfumo wa Uainishaji Maelezo
The datasheet indicates the device is "classified by luminous intensity." This refers to a post-manufacturing binning or screening process.
- Upangaji wa nguvu ya mwanga:Kutokana na tofauti za asili katika ukuaji wa epitaksi ya semikondukta na utengenezaji wa chip, pato la mwanga la LED linaweza kutofautiana. Baada ya uzalishaji, vifaa hupimwa na kupangwa katika makundi tofauti kulingana na nguvu ya mwanga iliyopimwa chini ya mkondo wa kawaida wa kupima (k.m., 1mA). Masafa maalum ya 320 hadi 900 μcd yanaweza kujumuisha makundi kadhaa. Kwa matumizi yanayohitaji mechi madhubuti ya mwangaza, watengenezaji wanaweza kutoa msimbo maalum wa kundi.
- Uchujaji wa voltage ya mbele:Ingawa haijatajwa wazi kama kigezo cha kugawanya, V iliyotolewaFmasafa (2.05V hadi 2.6V) ni ya kawaida. Kwa wingi mkubwa au muundo nyeti, vifaa vinaweza pia kuchunguzwa kulingana na voltage ya mwelekeo mzuri, ili kuhakikisha uthabiti wa matumizi ya nguvu na sifa za joto kwenye onyesho zima.
4. Uchambuzi wa Mviringo wa Utendaji
Ingawa dondoo la maelezo ya uainishaji lililotolewa linataja "Mikondo ya Kawaida ya Umeme/Optiki," michoro maalum haijajumuishwa katika maandishi. Kulingana na tabia ya kawaida ya LED, mikondo hii kwa kawaida inaonyesha uhusiano ufuatao, ambao ni muhimu kwa kuelewa utendaji wa kifaa chini ya hali zisizo za kawaida:
- Mkondo wa mbele dhidi ya Voltage ya mbele (Mkondo wa I-V):Inaonyesha uhusiano wa kielelezo. Mkondo hubadilika kulingana na joto; kwa mkondo uliopewa, VFInapungua kadri joto la kiungo linavyoongezeka.
- Uzito wa Mwanga dhidi ya Mkondo wa Mbele:Kwa kawaida huonyesha uhusiano wa takriban mstari chini ya mikondo ya chini, na kunaweza kutokea kujaa au kupungua kwa ufanisi kwa mikondo ya juu sana. Mchoro huu hutumiwa kuchagua mkondo wa uendeshaji kulingana na kiwango cha mwangaza kinachohitajika.
- Uzito wa Mwanga dhidi ya Joto la Mazingira:Inaonyesha jinsi pato la mwanga linavyopungua kadiri joto la mazingira (na kiungo) linavyopanda. Hii ni muhimu kwa miundo inayofanya kazi katika mazingira yenye joto la juu.
- Usambazaji wa Wigo:Grafu ya nguvu ya jamaa dhidi ya urefu wa wimbi, inayoonyesha kilele cha ~611 nm, upana wa nusu ya ~17 nm, inafafanua sifa halisi za rangi.
5. Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungaji
5.1 Vipimo vya Ufungaji na Ufafanuzi wa Pini
The device is housed in a standard 10-pin, single-digit, seven-segment LED display package. The datasheet provides a detailed dimensional drawing (not copied here), with all critical dimensions given in millimeters. Key features include overall height, width, and depth, digit window size, pin pitch, and mounting plane. Unless otherwise specified, tolerances are typically ±0.25 mm. The pin connection definitions are clear:
- Pini 1: Cathode E
- Pini 2: Cathode D
- Pin 3: Common Anode
- Pin 4: Cathode C
- Pin 5: Cathode D.P. (Decimal Point)
- Pin 6: Cathode B
- Pin 7: Cathode A
- Pin 8: Common Anode
- Pin 9: Cathode F
- Pin 10: Cathode G
The internal circuit diagram shows that the anodes of all segment LEDs (A-G and DP) are internally connected together and linked to two common anode pins (3 and 8), which are also internally connected. This common anode design means that to illuminate a segment, its corresponding cathode pin must be driven low (grounded or connected to a lower voltage), while the anode pin is maintained at a positive voltage through a current-limiting resistor.
6. Soldering and Assembly Guide
Viwango vya juu kabisa vinaelezea hali ya kulehemu: 260°C kwa sekunde 3, sehemu ya kipimo iko takriban milimita 1.59 chini ya ndege ya usakinishaji. Hii ni kumbukumbu ya kawaida ya kulehemu kwa wimbi. Kwa kulehemu kwa kujirudia, ni sawa kutumia mkunjo wa joto wa kawaida usio na risasi wenye kiwango cha juu cha joto kisichozidi 260°C. Kuzuia mkazo mwingi wa joto ni muhimu, vinginevyo kunaweza kusababisha ufa wa kifuniko cha epoxy, kuharibu muunganisho wa chipu ya ndani au kuvunja waya nyembamba ya dhamana inayounganisha chipu na pini. Inashauriwa kufanya joto la awali ili kupunguza mshtuko wa joto. Baada ya kulehemu, kifaa kinapaswa kupozwa polepole. Kwa uhifadhi, inapaswa kuhifadhiwa katika mazingira kavu, yasiyo na umande kati ya -35°C hadi +85°C, ili kudumisha uwezo wa kulehemu na kuzuia unyonyaji wa unyevu (ambao unaweza kusababisha "popcorn" wakati wa kulehemu kwa kujirudia).
7. Mapendekezo ya Utumiaji
7.1 Mandhari ya Kawaida ya Utumiaji
LTS-5701AJF is ideally suited for applications requiring clear and reliable digital readouts:
- Test and Measurement Equipment:Digital multimeters, frequency counters, power supplies, sensor reading displays.
- Industrial Control:Panel meters for displaying temperature, pressure, flow, speed, and process variables.
- Consumer Electronics:Saa, Taima, Vionyeshi vya Vifaa vya Jikoni, Vipimo vya Kiwango cha Sauti katika Vifaa vya Sauti.
- Soko la Baada ya Gari:Vipimo na Vionyeshi vinavyotumika kwa Mifumo ya Usaidizi (hazifai kwa Dashibodi kuu kutokana na mahitaji ya uthibitishaji wa joto na uaminifu).
- Vifaa vya Matibabu:Onyesho rahisi la vigezo kwenye vifaa vya ufuatiliaji visivyo muhimu (inahitaji idhini inayofaa ya udhibiti).
7.2 Design Considerations and Circuit Implementation
- Current Limiting:A resistor must be connected in series with the common anode or each cathode to limit the forward current to a safe value (e.g., 10-20 mA). The resistor value is calculated using the supply voltage (VCC), LED forward voltage (VF) and the required current (IF) calculation: R = (VCC- VF) / IF. Using the maximum VFvalue from the datasheet for conservative design ensures the current never exceeds the target value.
- Multiplexing Drive:For multi-digit displays, multiplexing is almost always employed to minimize the number of microcontroller pins required for driving. This involves illuminating each digit in rapid sequence. The persistence of vision effect makes the display appear continuously lit. During multiplexing, the peak current per segment can be higher (within the 60mA pulse rating) to compensate for the reduced duty cycle and maintain average brightness. The design must ensure that the average current and power dissipation per segment remain within continuous limits.
- Microcontroller Drive:Common anode displays are easily driven by microcontroller port pins configured as open-drain or open-collector outputs, which sink current to ground. Alternatively, dedicated LED driver ICs or transistor arrays (e.g., ULN2003) can be used for higher current capability or simpler logic.
- Viewing Angle and Mounting:When designing the panel cutout and mounting depth, the expected user's viewing angle should be considered to fully utilize the display's wide viewing angle characteristics.
8. Technical Comparison and Differentiation
Tofauti kuu ya LTS-5701AJF iko katika matumizi yake ya nyenzo ya AlInGaP kufikia mwanga wa manjano-machungwa. Ikilinganishwa na LED ya manjano ya kawaida ya GaP, AlInGaP hutoa ufanisi mkubwa zaidi wa kutolea mwanga, na hivyo kufanya onyesho liwe mkubwa zaidi chini ya mkondo sawa, au kufikia mwangaza sawa chini ya nguvu ndogo. Ikilinganishwa na LED nyekundu ya GaAsP au AllnGaP, hutoa rangi ya kipekee ambayo inaweza kuwa rahisi kusoma chini ya hali fulani za mwanga wa mazingira, na inaweza kupendelewa kutokana na mahitaji maalum ya upangaji rangi ya kifahari au kiutendaji. Ukubwa wa tarakimu wa inchi 0.56 hufanya iwe chaguo la kawaida kwa paneli ya vyombo, na hupata usawa mzuri kati ya ukubwa na uwezo wa kusomeka.
9. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)
Q1: Kutumia chanzo cha umeme cha 5V kuendesha sehemu ya maonyesho kwa 15mA, thamani gani ya upinzani inapaswa kutumika?
A1: Kwa usalama wa muundo, tumia V ya juu zaidiFthamani ya 2.6V: R = (5V - 2.6V) / 0.015A = 2.4V / 0.015A = 160 Ω. Thamani za kawaida zilizo karibu za 150 Ω au 180 Ω zinafaa. Hakikisha kuthibitisha mwangaza halisi na mkondo katika mzunguko.
Q2: Je, naweza kuunganisha pini mbili za anodi za kawaida pamoja?
A2: Ndio, pini 3 na 8 zimeunganishwa ndani. Ni desturi ya kawaida kuziunganisha pamoja kwenye PCB, hii husaidia kugawanya mkondo na inaweza kuboresha usawa wa mwangaza.
Q3: Je, ninawezaje kuonyesha nambari "7"?
A3: Ili kuonyesha "7", sehemu A, B, na C zinahitaji kuwashwa. Kwa hivyo, kwa usanidi wa anodi ya umma, tumia voltage chanya kwa anodi ya umma (kupitia kizuizi cha mkondo), na uunganishe pini za cathode za A (pini 7), B (pini 6), na C (pini 4) kwenye ardhi (kiwango cha mantiki cha chini).
Q4: Kwa nini mkondo wa juu unaoendelea unahitaji kupunguzwa kwa joto la juu ya 25°C?
A4: Kikomo cha matumizi ya nguvu ni kikali. Kadiri halijoto ya mazingira inavyopanda, tofauti ya halijoto (gradient ya joto) kati ya kiungo cha LED na hewa ya mazingira hupungua, na hivyo kufanya upotezaji wa joto kuwa mgumu zaidi. Ili kuzuia halijoto ya kiungo isizidi kikomo chake salama, ni lazima kupunguza matumizi ya nguvu yanayoruhusiwa (na hivyo mkondo kwa V fulani).Fchini).
10. Mfano Halisi wa Ubunifu
Tukio: Usanifu wa Kionyeshi cha Voltmita yenye Nambari Nne.
Kwa kutumia microcontroller yenye pini chache za I/O. Vionyeshi vinne vya LTS-5701AJF vimeunganishwa kwa usanidi wa kuzidisha. Sehemu za cathode (A-G, DP) za tarakimu zote nne zimeunganishwa sambamba. Pini ya anode ya kawaida ya kila tarakimu inadhibitiwa na transistor tofauti ya NPN, inayoendeshwa na pini ya microcontroller. Microcontroller hutumia usumbufu wa timer, kuskeni kila tarakimu kwa mzunguko wa kila milisekunde 2-5. Inakokotoa data ya sehemu za tarakimu inayotumika kwa sasa, na kuitoa kwenye bandari inayounganishwa na cathode ya kawaida kupitia upinzani wa kudhibiti mkondo. Ili kudumisha mwangaza mzuri kwa uwiano wa kazi wa 1/4, mkondo wa kilele wa sehemu wakati wa utendaji wake unaweza kuwekwa kuwa 25-30 mA (chini sana kuliko ukubwa wa msukumo wa 60mA), na kusababisha mkondo wa wastani wa kila sehemu kuwa takriban 6-7.5 mA, ambayo ni salama na hutoa mwangaza wa kutosha. Ikiwa kifaa kinatarajiwa kufanya kazi katika mazingira ya joto la juu, usanifu lazima ujumuishe hesabu za kupunguza ukubwa.
11. Utangulizi wa Kanuni za Kiufundi
LTS-5701AJF is based on III-V semiconductor compounds—aluminum indium gallium phosphide (AlxInyGa1-x-yP). Uwiano maalum wa elementi hizi huamua nishati ya pengo la bendi ya nyenzo, na kwa hivyo huamua moja kwa moja urefu wa wimbi la mwanga unaotolewa (rangi). Katika mfano huu, muundo wa nyenzo umeundwa ili pengo lake la bendi lilingane na fotoni za manjano-machungwa (takriban 605-611 nm). Wakati voltage ya mwelekeo mzuri inatumika kwenye makutano ya PN, elektroni na mashimo huingizwa kwenye eneo lenye ufanisi. Hufanya muunganiko wa mnururisho, na kutolea nishati kwa mfumo wa mwanga. Matumizi ya msingi wa GaAs usio na uwazi husaidia kufyonza mwanga uliopotoka, na kuboresha tofauti. Paneli ya kijivu na sehemu nyeupe zimetengenezwa kwa epoksi iliyochujwa yenye rangi zilizosambazwa, ambayo husaidia kusambaza mwanga kwa usawa kwenye kila sehemu na kuongeza tofauti na usuli usio na mwanga.
12. Technology Trends
Ingawa maonyesho ya sehemu saba tofauti bado yanafaa katika matumizi mengi, mwelekeo wa jumla wa teknolojia ya maonyesho unaelekea kwenye ushirikiano na kubadilika. Hii inajumuisha:
Integrated:Multi-digit modules with built-in driver ICs (e.g., featuring SPI/I2C interfaces) are becoming increasingly common, simplifying interfacing with microcontrollers.
Material:Ingawa AlInGaP inafanya kazi vizuri kwa mwanga nyekundu, machungwa na manjano, nyenzo mpya kama InGaN (inayotumika kwa mwanga wa bluu/kijani/nyeupe) hutoa ufanisi bora zaidi. Maonyesho mchanganyiko au matriki kamili ya LED yenye rangi nyingi zinazoweza kudhibitiwa zinazidi kuwa maarufu kwa sababu zinaweza kuonyesha habari ngumu zaidi.
Vipimo vya nje:Tasnia inaendelea kutafuta vifurushi nyembamba zaidi, mwangaza mkubwa zaidi (ili kufaa usomaji chini ya mwanga wa jua) na matumizi ya nguvu ya chini (kwa vifaa vya kubebea). Hata hivyo, urahisi wa msingi, uthabiti na ufanisi wa gharama wa LED za kawaida za sehemu saba kama LTS-5701AJF, huhakikisha kuwa zinaendelea kutumika katika matumizi mengi yanayohitaji matokeo rahisi ya nambari.
Maelezo ya Istilahi za Vipimo vya LED
Ufafanuzi Kamili wa Istilahi za Teknolojia ya LED
I. Viashiria Muhimu vya Utendaji wa Kielektroniki na Mwanga
| Terminology | Unit/Representation | Layman's Explanation | Kwa Nini Ni Muhimu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ufanisi wa Mwanga (Luminous Efficacy) | lm/W (lumens per watt) | The luminous flux emitted per watt of electrical power; the higher the value, the more energy-efficient. | It directly determines the energy efficiency rating of the luminaire and the electricity cost. |
| Mfumko wa Mwanga (Luminous Flux) | lm (lumeni) | Jumla ya mwanga unaotolewa na chanzo cha mwanga, unaojulikana kwa kawaida kama "mwangaza". | Huamua kama taa inatosha kuwa na mwangaza. |
| Viewing Angle | ° (digrii), kama 120° | Pembe ambayo nguvu ya mwana hupungua hadi nusu, inayoamua upana wa boriti ya mwanga. | Inapata ushawishi kwenye eneo la mwanga na usawa wake. |
| Joto la rangi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), kama 2700K/6500K | Joto la rangi ya mwanga, thamani ya chini inaelekea manjano/joto, thamani ya juu inaelekea nyeupe/baridi. | Huamua mazingira ya taa na matumizi yanayofaa. |
| Color Rendering Index (CRI / Ra) | Unitless, 0–100 | The ability of a light source to reproduce the true colors of objects, with Ra≥80 being preferable. | Inaathiri ukweli wa rangi, hutumika katika maeneo yenye mahitaji makubwa kama maduka makubwa, majumba ya sanaa. |
| Tofauti ya uvumilivu wa rangi (SDCM) | MacAdam ellipse steps, such as "5-step" | A quantitative indicator of color consistency; a smaller step number indicates better color consistency. | Ensure no color difference among luminaires from the same batch. |
| Mdomo mkuu (Dominant Wavelength) | nm (nanomita), k.m. 620nm (nyekundu) | Wavelength values corresponding to the colors of colored LEDs. | Determines the hue of monochromatic LEDs such as red, yellow, and green. |
| Spectral Distribution | Mkunjo wa Urefu wa Mawimbi dhidi ya Ukubwa | Inaonyesha usambazaji wa ukubwa wa mwanga unaotolewa na LED katika urefu wa mawimbi tofauti. | Inapotosha uhalisi wa rangi na ubora wa rangi. |
II. Vigezo vya Umeme
| Terminology | Ishara | Layman's Explanation | Mazingatio ya Ubunifu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forward Voltage (Forward Voltage) | Vf | The minimum voltage required to light up an LED, similar to a "starting threshold". | The driving power supply voltage must be ≥ Vf; the voltages add up when multiple LEDs are connected in series. |
| Mwendo wa Umeme wa Mbele (Forward Current) | If | The current value that makes the LED emit light normally. | Constant current drive is commonly used, as the current determines brightness and lifespan. |
| Maximum Pulse Current | Ifp | Kilele cha mkondo kinachoweza kustahimili kwa muda mfupi, kinachotumika kwa kudimisha au kumulika. | Upanaaji wa upana wa msukumo na uwiano wa kazi unahitaji udhibiti mkali, vinginevyo utaharibika kwa joto kupita kiasi. |
| Reverse Voltage | Vr | Upeo wa voltage ya nyuma ambayo LED inaweza kustahimili, ikiwa unazidi hii inaweza kuvunjika. | Katika mzunguko, ni muhimu kuzuia uunganishaji wa nyuma au mshtuko wa voltage. |
| Upinzani wa Joto (Thermal Resistance) | Rth (°C/W) | Upinzani wa joto unapopita kutoka kwenye chip hadi kwenye sehemu ya kuunganishia, thamani ya chini inaonyesha usambazaji bora wa joto. | Upinzani wa juu wa joto unahitaji muundo wenye nguvu zaidi wa kupoza joto, vinginevyo joto la kiungo litaongezeka. |
| ESD Immunity | V (HBM), kama 1000V | Uwezo wa kukabiliana na mshtuko wa umeme wa tuli, thamani ya juu zaidi inaonyesha uwezekano mdogo wa kuharibika. | Hatua za kinga dhidi ya umeme wa tuli zinahitajika katika uzalishaji, hasa kwa LED zenye usikivu mkubwa. |
III. Thermal Management and Reliability
| Terminology | Key Indicators | Layman's Explanation | Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Junction Temperature | Tj (°C) | The actual operating temperature inside the LED chip. | For every 10°C reduction, the lifespan may double; excessively high temperatures cause lumen depreciation and color shift. |
| Kupungua kwa Mwangaza (Lumen Depreciation) | L70 / L80 (saa) | Muda unaohitajika kwa mwangaza kushuka hadi 70% au 80% ya thamani ya awali. | Ufafanuzi wa moja kwa moja wa "maisha ya huduma" ya LED. |
| Lumen Maintenance | % (e.g., 70%) | The percentage of remaining brightness after a period of use. | Characterizes the ability to maintain brightness after long-term use. |
| Mabadiliko ya rangi (Color Shift) | Δu′v′ au MacAdam ellipse | Kiwango cha mabadiliko ya rangi wakati wa matumizi. | Inaathiri uthabiti wa rangi katika eneo la taa. |
| Thermal Aging | Deterioration of material properties | Degradation of packaging materials due to prolonged high temperatures. | Inaweza kusababisha kupungua kwa mwangaza, mabadiliko ya rangi, au kushindwa kwa mzunguko wazi. |
Nne. Ufungaji na Nyenzo
| Terminology | Aina za Kawaida | Layman's Explanation | Sifa na Matumizi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aina ya Ufungaji | EMC, PPA, Ceramic | A housing material that protects the chip and provides optical and thermal interfaces. | EMC offers good heat resistance and low cost; ceramic provides superior heat dissipation and long lifespan. |
| Muundo wa Chip | Usakinishaji wa Kawaida, Usakinishaji wa Kichwa-chini (Flip Chip) | Chip electrode arrangement method. | Flip-chip offers better heat dissipation and higher luminous efficacy, suitable for high-power applications. |
| Phosphor coating. | YAG, silicate, nitride | Coated on the blue LED chip, partially converted to yellow/red light, mixed to form white light. | Different phosphors affect luminous efficacy, color temperature, and color rendering. |
| Lens/Optical Design | Planar, microlens, total internal reflection | Optical structure on the packaging surface, controlling light distribution. | Determines the emission angle and light distribution curve. |
V. Udhibiti wa Ubora na Uainishaji
| Terminology | Yaliyomo ya Uainishaji | Layman's Explanation | Kusudi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kikomo cha mwanga | Msimbo kama 2G, 2H | Group by brightness level, each group has a minimum/maximum lumen value. | Ensure consistent brightness within the same batch of products. |
| Voltage binning | Codes such as 6W, 6X | Grouped by forward voltage range. | Inafaa kwa usawazishaji wa chanzo cha umeme cha kuendesha, kuboresha ufanisi wa mfumo. |
| Kugawanya kwa makundi kulingana na rangi | 5-step MacAdam ellipse | Group by color coordinates to ensure colors fall within an extremely narrow range. | Ensure color consistency to avoid color variation within the same luminaire. |
| Color Temperature Grading | 2700K, 3000K, etc. | Group by color temperature, each group has a corresponding coordinate range. | Kukidhi mahitaji ya joto la rangi katika mazingira tofauti. |
6. Upimaji na Uthibitisho
| Terminology | Standard/Test | Layman's Explanation | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Lumen Maintenance Test | Long-term operation under constant temperature conditions, recording luminance attenuation data. | For projecting LED lifetime (in conjunction with TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Lifetime projection standard | Projecting lifespan under actual use conditions based on LM-80 data. | Providing scientific life prediction. |
| IESNA Standard | Illuminating Engineering Society Standard | Covers optical, electrical, and thermal testing methods. | Msingi wa majaribio unaokubaliwa na tasnia. |
| RoHS / REACH | Uthibitisho wa Mazingira | Hakikisha bidhaa hazina vitu hatari (kama risasi, zebaki). | Masharti ya kuingia kwenye soko la kimataifa. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Uthibitisho wa ufanisi wa nishati | Uthibitishaji wa ufanisi wa nishati na utendaji kwa bidhaa za taa. | Inatumika kwa kawaida katika ununuzi wa serikali na miradi ya ruzuku, kuimarisha ushindani wa soko. |