Table of Contents
1. Product Overview
LTS-5703AJF is a single-digit numeric display module, specifically designed for applications requiring clear, high-visibility numeric readouts. Its primary function is to convert electrical signals into visible numeric characters. Its core technology utilizes aluminum indium gallium phosphide (AlInGaP) semiconductor material deposited on a gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate to generate light in the yellow-orange spectrum. Compared to traditional technologies like gallium phosphide (GaP), this material system is chosen for its high efficiency and excellent brightness in the amber/orange range. The device features a light gray panel with white segment design, enhancing contrast and readability under various lighting conditions.
This display is classified as a common cathode type, meaning the cathodes (negative terminals) of all individual LED segments are internally connected to a common pin. This configuration is common in digital displays and simplifies circuit design when used with microcontrollers or driver ICs that sink current. The target markets for this component include industrial control panels, test and measurement equipment, consumer appliances, automotive dashboards (for non-critical indicators), and any embedded system requiring reliable, low-power numeric display.
2. In-depth Technical Parameter Analysis
2.1 Optical Characteristics
Optical performance is defined by several key parameters measured under standard test conditions (Ta=25°C).Average luminous intensity (Iv)At a forward current (IF) of 1mA, the specified minimum is 800 μcd, the typical value is 1667 μcd, and no maximum is specified. This parameter represents the perceived brightness of the illuminated segment. Luminous intensity is measured using a sensor and a filter that approximates the photopic (daylight-adapted) human eye response curve as defined by CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage).
Color characteristics are defined by wavelength.Peak Emission Wavelength (λp)The typical value is 611 nanometers (nm) at IF=20mA. This is the wavelength at which the optical power output is maximum.Dominant Wavelength (λd)Thamani ya kawaida ni 605 nm. Hii ndiyo urefu wa wimbi moja unaolingana zaidi na rangi inayohisiwa na mwanga unaotolewa, na inahusiana zaidi na vipimo vya rangi.Upana wa nusu ya mstari wa wigo (Δλ)Thamani ya kawaida ni 17 nm, inayoonyesha usafi wa wigo au usambazaji wa urefu wa wimbi unaotolewa karibu na kilele; upana wa nusu nyembamba zaidi unaonyesha rangi ya monokromati (safi) zaidi.
2.2 Electrical Characteristics
Vigezo kuu vya umeme niVoltage ya mbele kwa kila sehemu (VF), kwa mkondo wa mbele wa 20mA, thamani ya kawaida ni 2.6V, na thamani ya juu ni 2.6V. Hii ni upungufu wa voltage wakati sehemu ya LED inawashwa. Thamani ya chini ni 2.05V.Reverse current per segment (IR)Specifies a maximum of 100 μA when a reverse voltage (VR) of 5V is applied, indicating the leakage characteristics of the device in the off state.
Luminous intensity matching ratioInafuainisha kuwa katika eneo linaloangaza kwa namna ileile, uwiano mkubwa kati ya sehemu za msimbo ni 2:1. Hii inamaanisha kuwa chini ya hali sawa za kuendesha, mwangaza wa sehemu moja ya msimbo haupaswi kuzidi mara mbili ya mwangaza wa sehemu nyingine, na hivyo kuhakikisha kuonyesha kwa nambari kuna usawa.
2.3 Absolute Maximum Ratings and Thermal Considerations
Viwango hivi vinabainisha mipaka ya mkazo inayoweza kusababisha uharibifu wa kudumu.Mkondo wa mwendelezo wa mbele kwa kila sehemuKikomo cha juu cha ukubwa ni 25 mA. Kipimo cha kupunguza cha 0.33 mA/°C kimebainishwa wakati joto la mazingira (Ta) linazidi 25°C. Hii ni muhimu kwa usimamizi wa joto; kadiri joto la mazingira linavyopanda, mkondo wa juu unaoruhusiwa lazima upunguzwe kwa mstari ili kuzuia joto kupita kiasi. Kwa mfano, kwenye 85°C, mkondo wa juu ni 25 mA - (0.33 mA/°C * (85-25)°C) = 5.2 mA.
Kila sehemu ya mkondo wa kilele wa mbeleNi 60 mA, lakini tu chini ya hali ya msukumo (mzunguko wa kazi 1/10, upana wa msukumo 0.1ms). Hii inaruhusu matumizi ya mpango wa kuzidisha njia au kudhibiti kwa muda mfupi ili kuongeza mwangaza.Power consumption per segmentis 70 mW.Reverse voltage per segmentmust not exceed 5V. Operating and storage temperature range is -35°C to +105°C. Soldering temperature rating applies to wave or reflow soldering: 260°C for 3 seconds at 1/16 inch (approximately 1.6mm) below the seating plane of the package.3. Maelezo ya Mfumo wa Kugawa Daraja
Spec inaonyesha kifaa hiki
Imegawanywa kulingana na ukubwa wa mwangaHii inamaanisha kuwepo kwa mfumo wa kugawa daraja. Kugawa daraja ni desturi ya kawaida ya tasnia, ambapo LED zinazozalishwa hupangwa (kugawanywa daraja) baada ya utengenezaji kulingana na vigezo muhimu kama ukubwa wa mwanga, voltage ya mbele, na wavelength kuu. Hii inahakikisha uthabiti ndani ya kundi moja la uzalishaji au agizo. Ingawa dondoo hili halitoi msimbo maalum wa daraja, wabunifu wanapaswa kuzingatia kwamba kugawa daraja kwa kawaida kunagrupa vifaa vilivyo na Iv zinazofanana (kwa mfano, 800-1200 μcd, 1200-1667 μcd) na pengine anuwai zinazofanana za VF. Kwa matumizi muhimu yanayohitaji uthabiti wa rangi au mwangaza kati ya manyonyo mbalimbali, ni muhimu kubainisha daraja kali au kuagiza vifaa kutoka kwa daraja moja.4. Uchambuzi wa Mviringo wa Utendaji
Ingawa maandishi yaliyotolewa hayaelezea kwa kina chati maalum, mviringo wa tabia ya kawaida wa vifaa kama hivi ni pamoja na:
Mviringo wa Sasa ya Mbele (IF) dhidi ya Voltage ya Mbele (VF):
- Hii inaonyesha uhusiano wa kielelezo. Mkunjo huu una voltage ya kiwiko karibu 1.8-2.0V, baada ya hapo mkondo huongezeka kwa kasi kwa ongezeko dogo la voltage. Thamani ya kawaida ya VF ya 2.6V inasomwa kutoka kwenye mkunjo huu wakati IF=20mA.Mkunjo wa Nguvu ya Mwanga (Iv) dhidi ya Mkondo wa Mbele (IF):
- Mkunjo huu kwa kawaida ni laini kwenye mikondo ya chini, lakini kwenye mikondo ya juu sana, kwa sababu ya athari za joto, unaweza kuonyesha kujaa au kupungua kwa ufanisi.Mwonekano wa nguvu ya mwanga (Iv) dhidi ya joto la mazingira (Ta):
- Hii inaonyesha jinsi mwangaza unavyopungua kadiri joto la kiungo cha LED linavyopanda. Mtoaji wa mwanga wa LED ya AlInGaP kwa kawaida una mgawo hasi wa joto.Mwonekano wa usambazaji wa wigo:
- Grafu ya nguvu ya jamaa dhidi ya urefu wa wimbi, inayoonyesha kilele karibu na 611 nm na upana wa nusu ya takriban 17 nm, ikithibitisha utoaji wa rangi ya manjano-machungwa.Mipaka hii ni muhimu sana kwa wabunifu kuelewa tabia isiyo ya mstari ya LED, kupanga usimamizi wa joto, na kubuni saketi sahihi za kudhibiti mkondo.
5. Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungaji
Kifaa hiki
Character height is 0.56 inches (14.22 mm).Package dimensions are provided in the drawing (not fully detailed here), all dimensions are in millimeters. Key tolerances are noted: unless otherwise specified, general dimensional tolerance is ±0.25 mm, and lead tip offset tolerance is ±0.4 mm. This offset tolerance accounts for slight misalignment of leads emerging from the plastic package body, which is crucial for PCB pad design and automatic insertion equipment.Pin connection diagram.
Clearly defined as a Dual In-line Package (DIP) configuration with a total of 10 pins. Pin arrangement is: 1(E), 2(D), 3(Common Cathode), 4(C), 5(Decimal Point DP), 6(B), 7(A), 8(Common Cathode), 9(F), 10(G). The presence of two common cathode pins (3 and 8) helps distribute current and reduce current density in a single pin, which is beneficial for reliability. The decimal point (DP) anode is on pin 5. The internal circuit diagram shows each segment (A-G, DP) as an independent LED with its anode connected to the corresponding pin, and all cathodes connected together to the common cathode pins.6. Mwongozo wa Uchomeaji na UsanikishajiKikomo cha juu kabisa cha viwango kinaweka mkunjo wa uchomeaji: Wakati wa usanikishaji, joto la mwili wa kipengele halipaswi kuzidi kikomo cha juu kabisa. Hasa, inabainisha kuwa joto la uchomeaji linapaswa kuwa 260°C kwa sekunde 3, kipimo kinachukuliwa 1/16 inchi (1.6mm) chini ya ndege ya usakinishaji. Hii ndio kiwango cha kumbukumbu cha uchomeaji wa wimbi. Kwa uchomeaji wa reflow, mkunjo wa kawaida usio na risasi wenye kilele cha joto cha 260°C unafaa, ukihakikisha udhibiti wa muda juu ya mstari wa kioevu (TAL) na muda wa kudumu wa kilele cha joto kwenye pini za kipengele, ili kuzuia uharibifu wa joto wa kifuniko cha plastiki au waya za ndani za kuunganisha.
Masharti ya Uhifadhi
Anuwai maalum ya joto la uhifadhi ya -35°C hadi +105°C inapaswa kuzingatiwa. Inashauriwa kuhifadhi vipengele katika mazingira yaliyokauka, yasiyo na umeme wa tuli, ili kuzuia unyevunyevu (ambao unaweza kusababisha athari ya "popcorn" wakati wa uchomeaji wa reflow) na uharibifu wa kutokwa na umeme wa tuli, ingawa hatari kwa LED ni chini kuliko baadhi ya IC.
7. Ufungaji na Taarifa ya KuagizaNambari ya sehemu ni LTS-5703AJF. Kiambishi "AJF" kinaweza kuweka sifa maalum, kama rangi (manjano-machungwa), aina ya kifuniko, na pengo la mwangaza. Toleo la maelezo ya uainishaji limeonyeshwa, na hati imewekwa alama kama ya mtengenezaji. Ufungaji wa kawaida wa vipengele vya aina hii vya kupenya kwenye tundu kwa kawaida ni mrija usio na umeme wa tuli au mkanda ulioandikwa kwa mkanda, kwa kuingizwa kiotomatiki. Idadi kamili kwa kila mrija/mkanda na nyenzo za ufungaji hazijabainishwa katika dondoo hii, lakini zinaweza kupatikana katika maelezo tofauti ya ufungaji.
8. Mapendekezo ya Matumizi
Mzunguko wa Kawaida wa Matumizi:
Kama kionyeshi cha cathode ya pamoja, kwa kawaida huendeshwa na microcontroller au IC maalum ya kuendesha maonyesho (kama vile kusogeza rejista ya 74HC595 yenye upinzani wa kikomo cha sasa au MAX7219). Kila sehemu ya anode inahitaji upinzani wa kikomo cha sasa. Thamani ya upinzani inaweza kukokotolewa kwa kutumia R = (Vcc - VF) / IF. Kwa usambazaji wa umeme wa 5V (Vcc), VF=2.6V, IF=20mA, R = (5 - 2.6) / 0.02 = 120 ohms. Kwa kawaida hutumia thamani ya juu kidogo (kwa mfano, 150-220 ohms) ili kuongeza maisha na kupunguza matumizi ya nguvu, huku ukidumisha mwangaza mzuri.
Mambo ya Kuzingatia katika Ubunifu:Current Drive:
Do not exceed the absolute maximum continuous current of 25 mA per segment. Use derating factors in high-temperature environments.
- Multiplexing:Kwa maonyesho ya tarakimu nyingi, kutumia njia nyingi (multiplexing) ni jambo la kawaida. Kipimo cha kilele cha sasa (60 mA, 1/10 duty cycle) huruhusu matumizi ya sasa la papo hapo la juu zaidi wakati wa muda wa kuwashwa kwa njia nyingi, ili kufikia mwangaza unaohisiwa wa juu zaidi. Hakikisha sasa la wastani la muda mrefu hauzidi kipimo cha mfululizo.
- Pembe ya mtazamo:Mwongozo wa maelezo unataja pembe pana ya mtazamo, ambayo ni sifa ya maonyesho ya LED yenye lenzi zenye kutawanyika. Wakati wa kusanikisha kionyeshi, zingatia mahali pa kutazamiwa penye lengo.
- Mpangilio wa PCB:Follow the recommended pad pattern in the dimension drawing. Ensure the hole size is suitable for the lead diameter and provide sufficient clearance.
- 9. Technical Comparison and AdvantagesCompared to older red GaAsP or standard GaP yellow/green LEDs, the AlInGaP technology employed in the LTS-5703AJF offers significant advantages:
Mwangaza na Ufanisi Bora:
AlInGaP hutoa ufanisi bora wa utoaji mwanga, na hivyo kufanya skrini iwe na mwangaza zaidi chini ya mkondo wa kuendesha sawa, au kufikia mwangaza sawa kwa matumizi ya nguvu kidogo.
- Ujazaji Rangi Bora:Tabia za wigo hutoa rangi ya manjano-machungwa yenye uhai na thabiti zaidi.
- Uaminifu wa Kisasa:LED hazina filamenti au vipengele vya glasi vinavyoweza kuvunjika, zina uwezo wa kukabiliana na mshtuko na mtikisiko, na maisha marefu sana (kwa kawaida maelfu ya saa).
- Mahitaji ya Nguvu ya Chini:Inafanya kazi kwa voltage ya chini na mkondo mdogo, inafaa kwa vifaa vinavyotumia betri.
- Ufungaji bila risasi:Inakubaliana na amri ya RoHS (Vizuizi vya Vitu hatari), inafaa kwa soko la kimataifa lenye kanuni za kuhifadhi mazingira.
- Ikilinganishwa na vifaa vya kisasa vya kushikamana kwenye uso (SMD) vya sehemu saba za nambari, toleo hili la mashimo ya kupita linafaa zaidi kwa utengenezaji wa mfano, usanikishaji wa mikono, na matumizi ambayo yanaweza kuhitaji kubadilisha kionyeshi.10. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Specifications)
A1: They are internally connected. Having two pins helps distribute the total cathode current (the sum of currents from all lit segments) across two physical leads, reducing the current density and thermal stress on each solder joint and lead frame, thereby improving reliability.
Q2: Can I drive this display directly from a 3.3V microcontroller pin?
A2: Inawezekana, lakini lazima ukagalie voltage ya mbele. VF ya kawaida ni 2.6V, kwa hivyo chanzo cha 3.3V kinabaki na 0.7V tu kwa upinzani wa kudhibiti mkondo. Kulingana na sheria ya Ohm, kwa mkondo unaotarajiwa wa 10mA, R = (3.3 - 2.6) / 0.01 = 70 ohms. Hii inawezekana, lakini mwangaza unaweza kuwa chini kidogo kuliko thamani ya kiwango cha 20mA. Hakikisha pini ya microcontroller inaweza kutoa mkondo unaohitajika.
Q3: "Uwiano wa kulinganisha nguvu ya mwanga 2:1" linamaanisha nini kwa muundo wangu?
A3: Inahakikisha kuwa ndani ya kifaa kimoja, chini ya hali sawa za kuendesha, mwangaza wa sehemu yoyote hautazidi mara mbili mwangaza wa sehemu nyingine yoyote. Hii inazuia nambari zionekane zisizo sawa (kwa mfano, sehemu A ni giza sana na sehemu G ni angavu sana). Kwa muundo wa tarakimu nyingi, taja vifaa kutoka kwa kikundi sawa cha nguvu ya mwanga ili kuhakikisha uthabiti kati ya tarakimu.
Q4: How to calculate the total power consumption of the entire display?
A4: For the worst-case scenario, where all 8 segments (7 segments + decimal point DP) are continuously lit at the maximum continuous current of 25 mA per segment, with a typical VF of 2.6V. Power consumption per segment = VF * IF = 2.6V * 0.025A = 65 mW. Total power consumption = 8 * 65 mW = 520 mW. This is the power dissipated as heat by the LED package itself, which must be considered in the thermal management of enclosed spaces.
11. Practical Design and Usage Examples
Mfano 1: Usomaji wa Kipimajio cha Umeme Dijitali.
Katika mfano wa kwanza wa kipimajio cha aina ya meza rahisi, LTS-5703AJF inaweza kutumika kuonyesha usomaji wa voltage. Kigeuzi cha Analog-to-Digital (ADC) cha microcontroller husoma voltage, kisha kichakata, na kuendesha onyesho kupitia kigeuzi cha mabadilisho kama vile 74HC595. Upinzani wa kuzuia mkondo umewekwa katika mfululizo na kila anode ya sehemu. Ikiwa nambari nyingi zitumiwa, cathode ya pamoja hubadilishwa na transistor inayoongozwa na microcontroller ili kufanya uwezekano wa kutumia njia nyingi. Utofautishaji mkali na mwangaza wa juu unahakikisha usomaji katika mazingira ya maabara yenye mwanga wa kutosha.
Mfano 2: Onyesho la Kihesabu cha Viwanda.Kwa kihesabu cha idadi ya vipande kwenye mstari wa uzalishaji, onyesho linahitaji kuwa thabiti na kuonekana wazi kutoka mbali. LTS-5703AJF ina urefu wa herufi ya inchi 0.56, inayofaa kabisa. Inaweza kuendeshwa na moduli ya pato la Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) iliyoundwa kwa ajili ya onyesho za LED au kupitia IC rahisi ya kihesabu. Anuwai pana ya joto la kufanya kazi (-35°C hadi +105°C) inafanya iweze kukabiliana na mazingira ya karakana ya kiwanda ambapo halijoto inaweza kubadilika.
12. Introduction to Technical PrinciplesLTS-5703AJF is based on
Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide (AlInGaP)
semiconductor heterostructure, which is epitaxially grown onGallium Arsenide (GaAs)On the substrate. Light emission is achieved through electroluminescence. When a forward voltage exceeding the diode's bandgap voltage is applied, electrons from the n-type region and holes from the p-type region are injected into the active region (quantum well). There, they undergo radiative recombination, releasing energy in the form of photons. The specific alloy composition of AlInGaP determines the bandgap energy, which directly corresponds to the wavelength (color) of the emitted light. For yellow-orange light, the bandgap energy is approximately 2.0-2.1 electron volts (eV). The GaAs substrate is opaque to the emitted light, so the chip is designed to emit light from the top surface. The plastic package contains a molded lens to shape the light output, provide environmental protection, and form the distinctive segment shapes.13. Technology Development TrendsIngawa hii ni kipengele cha kina kilichokomaa, mwelekeo wa maendeleo ya teknolojia ya kuonyesha unaathiri mazingira yake. Sekta pana ya LED inaendelea kulenga:
Kuboresha ufanisi (lm/W):
Utafiti endelevu wa sayansi ya nyenzo unalenga kupunguza mchanganyiko usio na mnururisho na kuboresha uchimbaji wa mwanga kutoka kwenye chipu ya semikondukta, na hivyo kufikia maonyesho makali zaidi kwa matumizi ya nguvu ya chini.
- Udogo na udhibiti wa SMD:Soko kimsingi imegeukia kwenye ufungaji wa vifaa vya kushikamana kwenye uso (SMD) kwa ajili ya usanikishaji wa kiotomatiki, kupunguza nafasi kwenye bodi ya mzunguko na kupunguza urefu. Vionyeshi vya kupitia-tundu kama hivi bado vina umuhimu katika soko maalum lenye mahitaji ya uthabiti, urahisi wa kuuziwa kwa mkono au kubadilishwa.
- Suluhisho zilizounganishwa:Kuna mwelekeo wa kutumia vionyeshi vyenye IC ya kuendesha iliyounganishwa ("vionyeshi vya akili"), vinavyorahisisha kiolesura cha mtawala kuu wa kompyuta ndogo kwa kushughulikia ndani mwingiliano mwingi, usimbuaji na udhibiti wa mkondo.
- Kupanua anuwai ya rangi na RGB:Kwa vionyeshi vinavyoweza kuonyesha rangi kamili, ukuzaji wa LED zenye ufanisi za nyekundu, kijani, na bluu, pamoja na LED ndogo ndogo, ni mwelekeo mkuu. Ingawa hii ni kifaa cha rangi moja, uboreshaji wa nyenzo za msingi unafaa kwa rangi zote za LED.
- Substrate laini na uwazi:Utafiti wa vionyeshi kwenye substrate laini au uwazi unaendelea kikamilifu, ingawa hii inatumika zaidi kwa vionyeshi vya paneli ya hali ya juu, badala ya vitengo vya nambari vilivyogawanywa kwa jadi.
- LTS-5703AJF inawakilisha suluhisho thabiti na la gharama nafuu katika maendeleo haya ya kiteknolojia yanayoendelea.Utafiti kuhusu maonyesho kwenye vifaa vya msingi vinavyoweza kunyumbulika au kuwa wazi unaendelea, ingawa hii inahusika zaidi na maonyesho ya jopo ya hali ya juu kuliko vitengo vya jadi vya nambari zilizogawanywa.
Maelezo ya kina ya istilahi za vipimo vya LED.
Ufafanuzi Kamili wa Istilahi za Teknolojia ya LED
I. Viashiria Muhimu vya Utendaji wa Kielektroniki na Mwanga
| Terminology | Unit/Representation | Layman's Explanation | Kwa Nini Ni Muhimu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ufanisi wa Mwanga (Luminous Efficacy) | lm/W (lumens per watt) | The luminous flux emitted per watt of electrical power; the higher the value, the more energy-efficient. | It directly determines the energy efficiency rating of the luminaire and the electricity cost. |
| Mfumuko wa Mwanga (Luminous Flux) | lm (lumeni) | Jumla ya mwanga unaotolewa na chanzo cha mwanga, unaojulikana kwa kawaida kama "mwangaza". | Huamua kama taa inatosha kuwa na mwangaza. |
| Pembe ya kuona mwanga (Viewing Angle) | ° (digrii), kama 120° | Pembe ambayo mwangaza hupungua hadi nusu, huamua upana wa mwale. | Inapata ushawishi kwenye eneo la mwanga na usawa wake. |
| Joto la rangi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), kama 2700K/6500K | Joto la rangi ya mwanga, thamani ya chini inaelekea manjano/joto, thamani ya juu inaelekea nyeupe/baridi. | Huamua mazingira ya taa na matumizi yanayofaa. |
| Color Rendering Index (CRI / Ra) | Unitless, 0–100 | The ability of a light source to reproduce the true colors of objects, with Ra≥80 being preferable. | Inaathiri ukweli wa rangi, hutumika katika maeneo yenye mahitaji makubwa kama maduka makubwa, majumba ya sanaa. |
| Tofauti ya uvumilivu wa rangi (SDCM) | MacAdam ellipse steps, such as "5-step" | A quantitative indicator of color consistency; a smaller step number indicates better color consistency. | Ensure no color difference among luminaires from the same batch. |
| Mdomo mkuu (Dominant Wavelength) | nm (nanomita), k.m. 620nm (nyekundu) | Wavelength values corresponding to the colors of colored LEDs. | Determines the hue of monochromatic LEDs such as red, yellow, and green. |
| Spectral Distribution | Mkunjo wa Urefu wa Mawimbi dhidi ya Ukubwa | Inaonyesha usambazaji wa ukubwa wa mwanga unaotolewa na LED katika urefu wa mawimbi mbalimbali. | Inapotosha uhalisi wa rangi na ubora wa rangi. |
II. Vigezo vya Umeme
| Terminology | Ishara | Layman's Explanation | Mazingatio ya Ubunifu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forward Voltage (Forward Voltage) | Vf | The minimum voltage required to light up an LED, similar to a "starting threshold". | The driving power supply voltage must be ≥ Vf; the voltages add up when multiple LEDs are connected in series. |
| Mwendo wa Mbele (Forward Current) | If | The current value required for the LED to emit light normally. | Constant current drive is commonly used, as the current determines brightness and lifespan. |
| Maximum Pulse Current | Ifp | Kilele cha mkondo kinachoweza kustahimili kwa muda mfupi, kinachotumika kwa kudimisha au kumulika. | Upanaaji wa upana wa msukumo na uwiano wa kazi unahitaji udhibiti mkali, vinginevyo utaharibika kwa joto kupita kiasi. |
| Reverse Voltage | Vr | Upeo wa voltage ya nyuma ambayo LED inaweza kustahimili, ikiwa unazidi hii inaweza kuvunjika. | Katika mzunguko, ni muhimu kuzuia kuzungushwa kinyume au mshtuko wa voltage. |
| Upinzani wa Joto (Thermal Resistance) | Rth (°C/W) | Upinzani wa joto unaopita kutoka kwenye chip hadi kwenye sehemu ya kuuza, thamani ya chini inaonyesha usambazaji bora wa joto. | Upinzani wa joto wa juu unahitaji muundo wa nguvu zaidi wa kupoza joto, vinginevyo joto la kiungo litaongezeka. |
| ESD Immunity | V (HBM), kama 1000V | Uwezo wa kupiga umeme tuli, thamani ya juu inamaanisha uwezo mkubwa wa kuzuia uharibifu wa umeme tuli. | Hatua za kinga dhidi ya umeme tuli zinahitajika katika uzalishaji, hasa kwa LED zenye usikivu mkubwa. |
III. Thermal Management and Reliability
| Terminology | Key Indicators | Layman's Explanation | Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Junction Temperature | Tj (°C) | The actual operating temperature inside the LED chip. | For every 10°C reduction, the lifespan may double; excessively high temperatures cause lumen depreciation and color shift. |
| Lumen Depreciation | L70 / L80 (hours) | The time required for the brightness to drop to 70% or 80% of its initial value. | Kufafanua moja kwa moja "maisha ya huduma" ya LED. |
| Lumen Maintenance | % (e.g., 70%) | The percentage of remaining brightness after a period of use. | Characterizes the ability to maintain brightness after long-term use. |
| Mabadiliko ya rangi (Color Shift) | Δu′v′ au MacAdam ellipse | Kiwango cha mabadiliko ya rangi wakati wa matumizi. | Inaathiri uthabiti wa rangi katika eneo la taa. |
| Thermal Aging | Kupungua kwa sifa za nyenzo | Uharibifu wa nyenzo za ufungaji unaosababishwa na joto la juu kwa muda mrefu. | Inaweza kusababisha kupungua kwa mwangaza, mabadiliko ya rangi au kushindwa kwa mzunguko wazi. |
Nne. Ufungaji na Nyenzo
| Terminology | Aina za Kawaida | Layman's Explanation | Sifa na Matumizi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aina za Ufungaji | EMC, PPA, Ceramic | A housing material that protects the chip and provides optical and thermal interfaces. | EMC offers good heat resistance and low cost; ceramic provides superior heat dissipation and long lifespan. |
| Muundo wa Chip | Usakinishaji wa Kawaida, Usakinishaji wa Kugeuzwa (Flip Chip) | Chip electrode arrangement method. | Flip-chip offers better heat dissipation and higher luminous efficacy, suitable for high-power applications. |
| Phosphor coating | YAG, silicate, nitride | Coated on the blue LED chip, partially converted to yellow/red light, mixed to form white light. | Different phosphors affect luminous efficacy, color temperature, and color rendering. |
| Lens/Optical Design | Flat, microlens, total internal reflection | The optical structure on the packaging surface controls the light distribution. | Determines the emission angle and light distribution curve. |
V. Udhibiti wa Ubora na Uainishaji
| Terminology | Yaliyomo ya Uainishaji | Layman's Explanation | Kusudi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mgawanyiko wa Flux ya Mwanga | Msimbo kama 2G, 2H | Group by brightness level, each group has a minimum/maximum lumen value. | Ensure consistent brightness for products in the same batch. |
| Voltage binning | Codes such as 6W, 6X | Grouped by forward voltage range. | Inafaa kwa usawazishaji wa chanzo cha umeme cha kuendesha, kuboresha ufanisi wa mfumo. |
| Kugawanya kwa makundi kulingana na rangi | 5-step MacAdam ellipse | Group by color coordinates to ensure colors fall within an extremely narrow range. | Ensure color consistency to avoid color variation within the same luminaire. |
| Color temperature grading | 2700K, 3000K, etc. | Group by color temperature, each group has a corresponding coordinate range. | Kukidhi mahitaji ya joto la rangi katika hali tofauti. |
Sita, Upimaji na Uthibitishaji
| Terminology | Standard/Test | Layman's Explanation | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Lumen Maintenance Test | Long-term operation under constant temperature conditions, recording luminance attenuation data. | For projecting LED lifetime (in conjunction with TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Lifetime projection standard | Projecting lifespan under actual use conditions based on LM-80 data. | Providing scientific life prediction. |
| IESNA Standard | Illuminating Engineering Society Standard | Covers optical, electrical, and thermal testing methods. | Msingi wa upimaji unaokubalika na tasnia. |
| RoHS / REACH | Uthibitisho wa Mazingira | Hakikisha bidhaa hazina vitu hatari (kama risasi, zebaki). | Masharti ya kuingia kwenye soko la kimataifa. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Uthibitisho wa ufanisi wa nishati | Uthibitishaji wa ufanisi wa nishati na utendaji wa bidhaa za taa. | Hutumiwa kwa kawaida katika ununuzi wa serikali na miradi ya ruzuku, kuimarisha ushindani wa soko. |