Table of Contents
- 1. Product Overview
- 1.1 Core Advantages and Target Market
- 2. In-depth Analysis of Technical Parameters
- 2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
- 2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics
- 3. Uchambuzi wa Mkunjo wa Utendaji
- 3.1 Usambazaji wa Wigo na Uelekeo
- 3.2 Uhusiano wa Umeme na Joto
- 3.3 Utengamano wa Joto
- 4. Mechanical and Packaging Information
- 4.1 Package Dimensions
- 4.2 Polarity Identification
- 5. Mwongozo wa Uchomaji na Usanikishaji
- 5.1 Umbo la Pini
- 5.2 Storage
- 5.3 Welding Process
- 5.4 Cleaning
- 5.5 Usimamizi wa Joto na Kinga ya Umeme
- 6. Ufungaji na Taarifa za Kuagiza
- 6.1 Packaging Specifications
- 6.2 Maelezo ya Lebo
- 7. Mapendekezo ya Matumizi na Mazingatio ya Ubunifu
- 7.1 Mazingira ya Kawaida ya Utumizi
- 7.2 Mambo ya Kukusudiwa
- 8. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Specifications)
- 9. Introduction to Technology and Development Trends
- 9.1 Working Principle
- 9.2 Mienendo ya Sekta
1. Product Overview
本文档提供了一款高亮度亮红色LED灯珠的完整技术规格。该器件属于专为要求卓越光输出和可靠性的应用而设计的系列产品。它采用AlGaInP芯片技术,封装在红色漫射树脂中,可发出独特的亮红色光。该产品设计注重坚固性,并符合现代环保与安全标准,包括无铅、符合RoHS指令、符合欧盟REACH法规,并满足无卤要求(溴含量≤900 ppm,氯含量≤900 ppm,溴+氯总含量≤1500 ppm)。产品提供编带包装,适用于自动化组装流程。<900 ppm,氯<900 ppm,溴+氯<1500 ppm)。产品提供编带包装,适用于自动化组装流程。
1.1 Core Advantages and Target Market
Faida kuu ya LED hii ni mchanganyiko wa nguvu yake ya juu ya mwanga (kawaida hadi 400 mcd) na muundo thabiti na imara. Inatoa chaguo mbalimbali la pembe ya kuona (aina hii maalum ina nusu pembe ya 30°), ikiruhusu wabunifu kuchagua muundo bora wa boriti ya mwanga kwa matumizi yao. Inafuata maagizo ya kimataifa ya mazingira, na inafaa kwa soko la kimataifa. Matumizi yanayolengwa yanajikita hasa katika bidhaa za kielektroniki za watumiaji, zikiwamo televisheni, vionyeshi vya kompyuta, simu, na vifaa vya jumla vya kompyuta vinavyohitaji viashiria vya mwanga au taa ya nyuma.
2. In-depth Analysis of Technical Parameters
Sehemu hii inachambua kwa kina na kwa uwazi vigezo muhimu vya kiufundi vya kifaa, kulingana na hati ya maelezo ya kiufundi.
2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Viwango vya Juu Kabisa vinabainisha mipaka ya mkazo inayoweza kusababisha uharibifu wa kudumu wa kifaa. Haya si hali ya kawaida ya uendeshaji.
- Continuous Forward Current (IF)): 25 mA. Exceeding this current continuously will generate excessive heat, shorten the LED lifespan, and may lead to catastrophic failure.
- Peak Forward Current (IFP)): 60 mA (duty cycle 1/10, frequency 1 kHz). This rating allows for short-duration high-current pulses, suitable for multiplexing or PWM dimming schemes, but the average current must remain within the continuous rating.
- Reverse Voltage (VR)): 5 V. The reverse breakdown voltage of an LED is very low. Applying a reverse voltage exceeding 5V may cause immediate and irreversible junction breakdown.
- Power Dissipation (Pd)): 60 mW. This is at an ambient temperature (Ta) Ni nguvu ya juu ya joto ambayo kifurushi kinaweza kutawanya kwa 25°C. Nguvu halisi inayopatikana hupungua kadri halijoto ya mazingira inavyoongezeka.
- Halijoto ya kufanya kazi na kuhifadhi: -40°C hadi +85°C (kufanya kazi), -40°C hadi +100°C (kuhifadhi). Masafa haya hufafanua hali ya mazingira ambayo kifaa kinaweza kustahimili wakati wa matumizi na wakati usio wa kufanya kazi.
- Halijoto ya kuchomelea: 260°C for 5 seconds. This is critical for wave soldering or reflow soldering processes to avoid thermal damage to the epoxy package and internal wire bonding.
2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics
These characteristics are measured under standard test conditions (Ta=25°C, IF=20mA), which defines the performance of the device.
- Luminous Intensity (Iv)): 250 mcd (min), 400 mcd (typ). This is the primary metric for measuring brightness. A typical value of 400 mcd indicates very bright output for a standard LED lamp bead. Designers should use the minimum value for worst-case brightness calculations.
- Viewing Angle (2θ1/2)): 30° (typical value). This is the full angle at which the luminous intensity drops to half of its peak. The 30° angle produces a relatively focused beam, suitable for directional indicator lights.
- Peak wavelength (λp)): 632 nm (typical value). The wavelength at which spectral emission is strongest. For a bright red color, this falls in the upper red/orange region of the spectrum.
- Wavelength kuu (λd)): 624 nm (kawaida). Hii ndiyo urefu wa wimbi mmoja unaohisiwa na jicho la binadamu na unaolingana na rangi ya taa ya LED. Ni kigezo muhimu cha maelezo ya rangi.
- Voltage ya mbele (VF)): 1.7V (kiwango cha chini), 2.0V (kawaida), 2.4V (kiwango cha juu) kwa 20mA. Hii ndiyo punguzo la voltage kwenye ncha za LED inapofanya kazi. Ni muhimu sana kwa kubuni saketi ya kudhibiti mkondo. Kichocheo lazima kiweze kushughulikia VFya juu zaidi ili kuhakikisha udhibiti sahihi wa mkondo.
- Reverse current (IR)): 10 μA (max) at VR=5V. This is the small leakage current when the diode is reverse-biased within its maximum ratings.
Measurement uncertaintyThe datasheet specifies the specific tolerances for measurement: VFis ±0.1V, Ivis ±10%, λdis ±1.0nm. These tolerances must be considered in high-precision applications.
3. Uchambuzi wa Mkunjo wa Utendaji
The provided characteristic curves offer deeper insights into the device's behavior under various conditions.
3.1 Usambazaji wa Wigo na Uelekeo
Relative Intensity vs. WavelengthThe curve shows a typical Gaussian-like distribution centered at 632 nm, with a spectral bandwidth (Δλ) of approximately 20 nm. This narrow bandwidth is characteristic of AlGaInP LEDs and produces saturated colors.DirectivityCurve inaonyesha wazi mtazamo wa digrii 30, ikionyesha jinsi ukubwa unavyopungua kwa ulinganifu kadiri unavyotoka kwenye mhimili wa kati.
3.2 Uhusiano wa Umeme na Joto
Mwendo wa sasa mbele dhidi ya Voltage mbele (Mkunjo wa I-V)Inaonyesha uhusiano wa kawaida wa diode wa kielelezo. Katika sehemu ya kazi ya kawaida ya 20mA, voltage ni 2.0V. Mkunjo huu ni muhimu kwa kuelewa upinzani wa mwendo wa LED na kufanya uchambuzi wa joto, kwa sababu VFIna mgawo hasi wa joto.
Nguvu ya jamaa dhidi ya mkondo wa mbeleMkunjo unaonyesha kuwa katika anuwai ya chini ya mkondo, pato la mwanga lina uhusiano wa karibu laini na mkondo, lakini kwa mikondo ya juu inaweza kujaa kwa sababu ya athari za joto na kupungua kwa ufanisi. Kufanya kazi kwenye 20mA au chini ni bora zaidi kwa mstari na maisha.
3.3 Utengamano wa Joto
Relative Intensity vs. Ambient TemperatureThe curve indicates that as temperature increases, the light output decreases significantly. This is a critical design factor; compared to laboratory conditions at 25°C, LEDs will dim in high-temperature environments (e.g., inside enclosed electronic devices).
Forward Current vs. Ambient TemperatureThe curve, combined with the power dissipation rating, constitutes theDeratingMsingi. Kadri halijoto ya mazingira inavyoongezeka, ni muhimu kupunguza upeo wa mkondo wa mwendelezo unaoruhusiwa ili kuweka halijoto ya kiungo ndani ya mipaka salama na kuzuia kuzeeka kwa kasi. Uchambuzi wa maelezo unapendekeza kukagua mkunjo maalum wa kupunguza nguvu wa bidhaa.
4. Mechanical and Packaging Information
4.1 Package Dimensions
The datasheet contains detailed dimension drawings of the LED lamp beads. Key mechanical specifications include:
- All dimensions are in millimeters.
- The height of the flange (the edge at the bottom of the dome) must be less than 1.5mm (0.059 inches). This is critical for clearance in the final assembly.
- Toleransi ya kawaida isiyobainishwa kwa ukubwa ni ±0.25mm, ambayo ni toleransi ya kawaida kwa vipengele kama hivi.
- Mchoro unafafanua umbali wa pini, kipenyo cha mwili, urefu wa jumla na umbo la lenzi. Vipimo sahihi ni muhimu kwa muundo wa PCB pad na kuhakikisha kufaa kwa usahihi ndani ya kifurushi au lenzi.
4.2 Polarity Identification
Pini ya cathode (negativ) kawaida hutambuliwa kwa uso wa gorofa kwenye lenzi ya LED, pini fupi, au alama kwenye kifurushi. Michoro ya vipimo inapaswa kuonyesha wazi hili. Upeo sahihi wakati wa usakinishaji ni muhimu sana kwani kutumia voltage ya kinyume kunaweza kuharibu kifaa.
5. Mwongozo wa Uchomaji na Usanikishaji
Uendeshaji sahihi ni muhimu kwa kuegemea. Miongozo hii inatokana na kuzuia uharibifu wa mitambo, joto na umeme tuli.
5.1 Umbo la Pini
- Uinamo lazima utokee angalau 3mm kutoka chini ya taa ya epoxy ili kuzuia mkazo usifikie chipi ya ndani na viunganisho vya waya.
- Umbo lazima litengenezweKabla ya kuchomelea soldering.
- Completed. Pins should be cut at room temperature to prevent thermal shock.
- PCB holes must be perfectly aligned with the LED pins to avoid mounting stress.
5.2 Storage
- Recommended storage conditions: temperature ≤30°C, relative humidity (RH) ≤70%.
- Shelf life after transportation: 3 months under these conditions.
- Kwa uhifadhi wa muda mrefu zaidi (hadi mwaka 1), tafadhali tumia chombo kilichotiwa muhuri chenye nitrojeni na vifaa vya kukausha.
- Epuka mabadiliko ya ghafla ya joto katika mazingira yenye unyevunyevu, ili kuzuia umande.
5.3 Welding Process
Manual Welding: Soldering iron tip temperature ≤300°C (applicable for a maximum 30W iron), soldering time per pin ≤3 seconds. Maintain a minimum distance of 3mm from the solder point to the epoxy resin LED.
Wave Soldering: Preheat ≤100°C, time ≤60 seconds. Solder bath temperature ≤260°C, time ≤5 seconds. Observe the 3mm distance rule.
Key Soldering Considerations:
- Epuka mkazo kwenye pini wakati wa hatua ya joto kali.
- Usifanye uuzaji wa mara nyingi (kwa kuzamisha au kwa mkono) kwenye LED moja.
- Baada ya kuuza, linda LED kutokana na mshtuko wa mitambo hadi ipoe hadi joto la kawaida.
- Ruhusu kupoa polepole; epuka kupoa kwa kasi.
- Daima tumia joto la chini kabisa la ufanisi la kulehemu na muda.
5.4 Cleaning
Iwapo unahitaji kusafisha:
- Tumia isopropanoli kwenye halijoto ya kawaida ya chumba.
- Wakati wa kuzamishwa haupaswi kuzidi dakika moja.
- Kauka kwa hewa kwenye halijoto ya kawaida ya chumba.
- Epuka usafishaji wa mawimbi ya sauti, isipokuwa ikiwa ni lazima kabisa, na tu baada ya majaribio ya utambuzi wa awali yaliyofanywa kikamilifu, kwa sababu athari za cavitation zinaweza kuharibu muundo wa ndani.
5.5 Usimamizi wa Joto na Kinga ya Umeme
Usimamizi wa joto: Ni lazima kufanywa muundo bora wa joto. Ni lazima kupunguzwa kwa sasa kulingana na halijoto ya mazingira, kama inavyoonyeshwa na mkunjo wa kupunguzwa kwa bidhaa. Kudhibiti halijoto ya uendeshaji ya LED ni ufunguo wa kudumisha mwangaza na uaminifu wa muda mrefu.
Utoaji wa umeme tuli (ESD)This LED is sensitive to ESD. Standard ESD precautions must be followed during handling and assembly: use grounded workstations, wrist straps, and conductive containers. ESD can cause latent or catastrophic damage to the semiconductor chip.
6. Ufungaji na Taarifa za Kuagiza
6.1 Packaging Specifications
Ufungaji wa kifaa unalenga kuhakikisha kinga dhidi ya unyevunyevu na kutokwa kwa umeme tuli.
- Ufungaji wa ngazi ya kwanza: Vipande 200-1000 kwa kila mfuko wa kinga ya umeme tuli.
- Secondary packaging: 4 bags per inner box.
- Tertiary packagingKila kisanduku kikuu (cha nje) kina masanduku madogo 10 ndani.
6.2 Maelezo ya Lebo
Lebo kwenye kifurushi ina maelezo muhimu yanayotumika kufuatilia na kutambua:
- CPNCustomer Part Number.
- P/NManufacturer Part Number (e.g., 1254-10SURD/S530-A3).
- QTYQuantity per Bag/Carton.
- CAT: Code ya kiwango au kikundi (mfano, kwa nguvu au urefu wa wimbi).
- HUE: Code ya urefu wa wimbi kuu.
- REF: Reference information.
- LOT NoProduction batch number, used for traceability.
7. Mapendekezo ya Matumizi na Mazingatio ya Ubunifu
7.1 Mazingira ya Kawaida ya Utumizi
LED hii inafaa kabisa kutumika kwa:
- Kiashiria cha hali: Kiashiria cha kuwashwa kwa umeme, kusubiri, au kuamilisha utendakazi kwenye Runinga, Monita, na Kompyuta, mwangaza wa juu unahakikisha kuonekana kwa ufasaha.
- Backlight: Used to control small legends or symbols on panels or telephones.
- General Signal IndicationKwa matumizi yoyote katika vifaa vya umeme vya watumiaji ambayo yanahitaji ishara ya kuona nyekundu iliyo wazi na inayong'aa.
7.2 Mambo ya Kukusudiwa
- Current LimitingAlways drive the LED using a constant current source or a voltage source with a series resistor. Based on the power supply voltage (VCC), the LED's maximum VFand the required IF(Kwa mfano, 20mA) hesabu thamani ya upinzani. R = (VCC- VF_max) / IF.
- Usimamizi wa joto: Hakikisha PCB na muundo unaozunguka unaruhusu upotezaji wa joto. Epuka kuweka LED karibu na vifaa vingine vinavyotoa joto. Ikiwa unatarajia kiwango cha juu cha wakati wa kufanya kazi au joto la mazingira ni la juu, zingatia kutumia mashimo ya kupitishia joto kwenye pedi za PCB.
- Ujumuishaji wa macho: Pembe ya maono ya 30° hutoa mwanga uliolenga. Kwa mwanga mpana zaidi, huenda ikahitajika kifaa cha kutawanya mwanga au lenzi ya nje. Hakikisha kifuniko cha mitambo kinatoa usawazishaji sahihi na hakizuii pembe ya maono.
- Kinga kinga cha umeme tuliKatika matumizi nyeti au yaliyoko wazi, unaweza kuzingatia kuunganisha diode ndogo ya kukandamiza mkazo wa voltage (TVS) au mtandao wa upinzani-uwezo sambamba na LED, ili kulinda kutokana na misokoto ya voltage.
8. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Specifications)
Q1: Naweza kutumia 30mA kuendesha LED hii ili kupata mwangaza wa ziada?
A1: Hapana. Kikomo kamili cha juu cha mkondo endelevu wa mbele ni 25 mA. Kufanya kazi kwa 30 mA kunazidi kikomo hiki, jambo ambalo litaweka kiungo chini ya mkazo mwingi, na kusababisha kupungua kwa haraka kwa mwangaza, mabadiliko ya rangi, na uwezekano wa kushindwa mara moja. Daima endesha kwenye mkondo endelevu wa juu uliobainishwa au chini yake.
Q2: V ya kawaidaFni 2.0V, lakini mzunguko wangu unatumia usambazaji wa umeme wa 5V. Thamani gani ya upinzani ninapaswa kutumia?
A2: Lazima utengeneze kwa hali mbaya zaidi (kubwa zaidi) VFili kuhakikisha mkondo hauzidi kikomo kamwe. Tumia VF_max= 2.4V na IF= 20mA: R = (5V - 2.4V) / 0.02A = 130 ohms. Thamani ya kawaida iliyo karibu zaidi ni 130Ω au 150Ω. Ukitumia 150Ω, IF≈ (5-2.4)/150 = 17.3mA. Hii ni sehemu ya kazi salama na ya kawaida.
Q3: Ikiwa joto la ndani la kifaa changu ni 60°C, mwangaza utapungua kiasi gani?
A3: Kwa kurejelea curve ya Relative Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature, kwa 60°C, nguvu ya jamaa ni takriban 0.8 (au 80%) ya thamani yake kwa 25°C. Kwa hivyo, ikiwa LED inatoa 400 mcd kwa 25°C, basi kwa 60°C itatoa takriban 320 mcd. Hii lazima izingatiwe katika muundo wa optics.
Q4: Je, LED hii inafaa kwa matumizi ya magari?
A4: Safu maalum ya joto la uendeshaji (-40°C hadi +85°C) inashughulikia mahitaji mengi ya mazingira ya magari. Hata hivyo, matumizi ya magari kwa kawaida yanahitaji vipengele kukidhi viwango maalum (kama AEC-Q102), ili kuhakikisha uimara chini ya mtikisiko, unyevunyevu na mizunguko ya joto iliyopanuliwa. Mwongozo huu wa vipimo hauna dalili ya uthibitisho wa namna hiyo. Kwa matumizi ya magari, inapaswa kutafuta nambari maalum ya bidhaa iliyothibitishwa.
9. Introduction to Technology and Development Trends
9.1 Working Principle
LED hii inategemea chipu ya semiconductor ya AlGaInP (Aluminium Gallium Indium Phosphide). Wakati voltage chanya inatumika, elektroni na mashimo huingizwa kwenye eneo lenye uhai la semiconductor na huchanganyika huko. Mchakato huu wa kuunganisha hutoa nishati kwa njia ya fotoni (mwanga). Muundo maalum wa aloi ya AlGaInP huamua nishati ya pengo la bendi, na hivyo kuamua moja kwa moja urefu wa wimbi la mwanga unaotolewa (rangi) — katika mfano huu, nyekundu mkali wa takriban 624-632 nm. Kifurushi cha epoksi nyekundu kinachotawanyika hutumika kulinda chipu, kufanya kama lenzi kuu kuunda mwale wa mwanga (pembe ya 30°), na kutawanya mwanga ili kupunguza mng'aro na kutoa muonekano sawa.
9.2 Mienendo ya Sekta
Sekta ya LED inaendelea kukua, na kuna mielekeo kadhaa wazi inayoathiri vipengele kama hivi:
- Uboreshaji wa ufanisi (lm/W): Ingawa maelezo haya yanabainisha nguvu ya mwanga (mcd), mwelekeo mpana zaidi ni kuboresha ufanisi wa mwanga, yaani kuzalisha pato la mwanga zaidi kwa kila wati ya umeme iliyowekwa, na hivyo kupunguza matumizi ya nishati na mzigo wa joto.
- Miniaturization: The package is continuously shrinking while maintaining or improving light output.
- Enhanced Reliability and LifespanUboreshaji wa muundo wa chip, nyenzo za ufungaji (kama kutumia silicone badala ya epoxy ili kupata mwonekano bora wa joto na UV), na mchakato wa utengenezaji, unaendelea kuongeza maisha ya kiwango hadi zaidi ya saa 50,000.
- Uzingatiaji mkali zaidi wa mazingiraKama inavyoonyeshwa na bidhaa hii, hatua kuelekea kutokuwepo kwa halojeni, RoHS na kufuata REACH, sasa imekuwa mahitaji ya msingi yanayosukumwa na kanuni za kimataifa na mahitaji ya watumiaji.
- Suluhisho za Akili na UshirikianoMwelekeo unabadilika kutoka kwa taa za mwangaza tofauti hadi moduli za LED zilizojengewa ndani za kiendeshi (IC) na vidhibiti, na hivyo kuwezesha udhibiti wa mwangaza, mchanganyiko wa rangi na itifaki za mawasiliano kama vile I2C.
Ingawa LED hii mahususi inawakilisha teknolojia iliyokomaa na imara kwa matumizi ya kawaida ya kiashiria, vipimo vyake vinaonyesha mahitaji endelevu ya soko la vifaa vya elektroniki kwa utendaji, uaminifu na wajibu wa kimazingira.
Ufafanuzi wa Istilahi za Vipimo vya LED
Ufafanuzi kamili wa istilahi za kiteknolojia ya LED
I. Viashiria muhimu vya utendaji wa mwanga na umeme
| Terminology | Unit/Representation | Popular Explanation | Kwa Nini Ni Muhimu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ufanisi wa Mwanga (Luminous Efficacy) | lm/W (lumens per watt) | The luminous flux emitted per watt of electrical power; the higher the value, the more energy-efficient. | It directly determines the energy efficiency rating of the luminaire and the electricity cost. |
| Mfumko wa Mwanga (Luminous Flux) | lm (lumen) | Jumla ya mwanga unaotolewa na chanzo cha mwanga, unaojulikana kwa kawaida kama "mwangaza". | Huamua kama taa inatosha kuwa na mwangaza. |
| Pembe ya kuona mwanga (Viewing Angle) | ° (digrii), kama 120° | Pembe ambayo mwangaza hupungua hadi nusu, huamua upana wa mwale. | Inayoathiri eneo la mwanga na usawa wake. |
| Joto la rangi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), k.m. 2700K/6500K | Joto la rangi ya mwanga, thamani ya chini inaelekea manjano/joto, thamani ya juu inaelekea nyeupe/baridi. | Huamua mazingira ya taa na matumizi yanayofaa. |
| Color Rendering Index (CRI / Ra) | Unitless, 0–100 | The ability of a light source to reproduce the true colors of objects, with Ra≥80 being preferable. | Inaathiri ukweli wa rangi, hutumika katika maeneo yenye mahitaji makubwa kama maduka makubwa, majumba ya sanaa. |
| Tofauti ya uvumilivu wa rangi (SDCM) | MacAdam ellipse steps, such as "5-step" | A quantitative indicator of color consistency; a smaller step number indicates better color consistency. | Ensure no color difference among luminaires from the same batch. |
| Mdomo Mkuu (Dominant Wavelength) | nm (nanomita), k.m. 620nm (nyekundu) | Wavelength values corresponding to the colors of colored LEDs. | Determines the hue of monochromatic LEDs such as red, yellow, and green. |
| Spectral Distribution | Mkunjo wa Urefu wa Mawimbi dhidi ya Ukubwa | Inaonyesha usambazaji wa ukubwa wa mwanga unaotolewa na LED katika urefu wa mawimbi tofauti. | Inapotosha uhalisia wa rangi na ubora wa rangi. |
II. Vigezo vya Umeme
| Terminology | Ishara | Popular Explanation | Mazingatio ya Ubunifu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forward Voltage (Forward Voltage) | Vf | The minimum voltage required to light up an LED, similar to a "starting threshold". | The driving power supply voltage must be ≥ Vf; the voltages add up when multiple LEDs are connected in series. |
| Mwendo wa Mbele (Forward Current) | If | The current value required for the LED to emit light normally. | Constant current drive is commonly used, as the current determines both brightness and lifespan. |
| Maximum Pulse Current | Ifp | Kilele cha mkondo kinachoweza kustahimili kwa muda mfupi, kinachotumika kwa kudimisha au kumulika. | Upanaaji wa upana wa msukumo na uwiano wa kazi unahitaji udhibiti mkali, vinginevyo utaharibika kwa joto kupita kiasi. |
| Reverse Voltage | Vr | Upeo wa voltage ya nyuma ambayo LED inaweza kustahimili, ikiwa unazidi hii inaweza kuharibika. | Katika mzunguko, ni muhimu kuzuia kuunganishwa kinyume au mshtuko wa voltage. |
| Upinzani wa Joto (Thermal Resistance) | Rth (°C/W) | Upinzani wa joto unaopita kutoka kwenye chip hadi kwenye sehemu ya kuunganishia, thamani ya chini inaonyesha usambazaji bora wa joto. | Upinzani wa joto wa juu unahitaji muundo wenye nguvu zaidi wa kupoza joto, vinginevyo joto la kiungo litaongezeka. |
| ESD Immunity | V (HBM), kama 1000V | Uwezo wa kukabiliana na mshtuko wa umeme wa tuli, thamani ya juu zaidi inaonyesha uwezo mkubwa wa kuepusha uharibifu. | Katika uzalishaji, ni muhimu kuchukua hatua za kinga dhidi ya umeme wa tuli, hasa kwa LED zenye usikivu mkubwa. |
III. Thermal Management and Reliability
| Terminology | Key Indicators | Popular Explanation | Athari |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joto la Kiungo (Junction Temperature) | Tj (°C) | The actual operating temperature inside the LED chip. | For every 10°C reduction, the lifespan may double; excessively high temperatures cause lumen depreciation and color shift. |
| Lumen Depreciation | L70 / L80 (hours) | The time required for the brightness to drop to 70% or 80% of its initial value. | Kufafanua moja kwa moja "maisha ya huduma" ya LED. |
| Lumen Maintenance | % (e.g., 70%) | The percentage of remaining brightness after a period of use. | Characterizes the ability to maintain brightness after long-term use. |
| Mabadiliko ya rangi (Color Shift) | Δu′v′ au MacAdam ellipse | Kiwango cha mabadiliko ya rangi wakati wa matumizi. | Huathiri uthabiti wa rangi katika eneo la taa. |
| Thermal Aging | Kupungua kwa utendaji wa nyenzo | Uharibifu wa nyenzo za ufungaji unaosababishwa na joto la juu kwa muda mrefu. | Inaweza kusababisha kupungua kwa mwangaza, mabadiliko ya rangi au kushindwa kwa mzunguko wazi. |
Nne. Ufungaji na Nyenzo
| Terminology | Aina za Kawaida | Popular Explanation | Sifa na Matumizi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aina ya Ufungaji | EMC, PPA, Ceramic | A housing material that protects the chip and provides optical and thermal interfaces. | EMC offers good heat resistance and low cost; ceramic provides superior heat dissipation and long lifespan. |
| Muundo wa Chip | Usakinishaji wa Kawaida, Usakinishaji wa Kichwa-chini (Flip Chip) | Chip electrode arrangement method. | Flip-chip offers better heat dissipation and higher luminous efficacy, suitable for high-power applications. |
| Phosphor coating. | YAG, silicate, nitride | Coated on the blue LED chip, partially converted to yellow/red light, mixed to form white light. | Different phosphors affect luminous efficacy, color temperature, and color rendering. |
| Lens/Optical Design | Planar, microlens, total internal reflection | The optical structure on the packaging surface controls the light distribution. | Determines the emission angle and light distribution curve. |
V. Udhibiti wa Ubora na Uainishaji
| Terminology | Yaliyomo ya Uainishaji | Popular Explanation | Kusudi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kikomo cha mwanga | Msimbo kama 2G, 2H | Group by brightness level, each group has a minimum/maximum lumen value. | Ensure consistent brightness within the same batch of products. |
| Voltage binning | Codes such as 6W, 6X | Grouped by forward voltage range. | Inafaa kwa usawazishaji wa chanzo cha umeme cha kuendesha, kuboresha ufanisi wa mfumo. |
| Kugawanya kwa makundi kulingana na rangi | 5-step MacAdam ellipse | Group by color coordinates to ensure colors fall within an extremely small range. | Ensure color consistency to avoid color unevenness within the same luminaire. |
| Color temperature grading | 2700K, 3000K, etc. | Group by color temperature, each group has a corresponding coordinate range. | Kukidhi mahitaji ya joto la rangi katika mazingira tofauti. |
VI. Upimaji na Uthibitishaji
| Terminology | Standard/Test | Popular Explanation | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Lumens Maintenance Test | Long-term operation under constant temperature conditions, recording brightness attenuation data. | For projecting LED lifetime (in conjunction with TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Lifetime projection standard | Projecting lifespan under actual use conditions based on LM-80 data. | Providing scientific life prediction. |
| IESNA Standard | Illuminating Engineering Society Standard | Covers optical, electrical, and thermal testing methods. | Msingi wa upimaji unaokubalika na tasnia. |
| RoHS / REACH | Uthibitisho wa Mazingira | Hakikisha bidhaa hazina vitu hatari (kama risasi, zebaki). | Masharti ya kuingia kwenye soko la kimataifa. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Uthibitisho wa ufanisi wa nishati | Uthibitishaji wa ufanisi wa nishati na utendaji kwa bidhaa za taa. | Inatumika kwa kawaida katika ununuzi wa serikali na miradi ya ruzuku, kuimarisha ushindani wa soko. |