Table of Contents
- 1. Product Overview
- 2. Detailed Technical Specifications
- 2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
- 2.2 Electrical and Optical Characteristics (Under Ta=25°C, IF=5mA)
- 3. Maelezo ya Mfumo wa Kugawa Daraja
- 3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning
- 4. Performance Curve Analysis
- 5. Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungashaji
- 5.1 Vipimo vya Ufungashaji
- 5.2 Pin Assignment and Polarity
- 6. Mwongozo wa Uchomeaji na Usanikishaji
- 6.1 Vigezo vya Uchomeaji wa Reflow (Mchakato usio na Risasi)
- 6.2 Manual Soldering
- 6.3 Storage and Handling
- 7. Ufungaji na Taarifa za Kuagiza
- 8. Mapendekezo ya Utumiaji
- 8.1 Mandhari ya Kawaida ya Utumiaji
- 8.2 Design Considerations
- 9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation
- 10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara
- 11. Uchambuzi wa Kesi ya Usanifu wa Vitendo
- 12. Utangulizi wa Kanuni za Kiufundi
- 13. Mienendo ya Sekta na Maendeleo
1. Product Overview
The LTST-S326KSTGKT-5A is a compact surface-mount bicolor LED designed for modern electronic applications requiring reliable indicator illumination within a small footprint. The device integrates two distinct semiconductor chips within a single package: an AlInGaP chip for emitting yellow light and an InGaN chip for emitting green light. This configuration allows for dual-color indication from a single component, thereby saving valuable PCB space. The LED features an EIA-compliant package with a transparent lens, ensuring high luminous output and a wide viewing angle. It is specifically engineered for compatibility with automated pick-and-place assembly systems and standard infrared reflow soldering processes, making it suitable for high-volume production environments.
The core advantages of this LED include RoHS compliance, the use of ultra-high-brightness chip technology for high luminous intensity, and a design optimized for robustness on automated assembly lines. Its primary target markets encompass telecommunications equipment, office automation devices, home appliances, industrial control panels, and various consumer electronics requiring status indication or backlighting.
2. Detailed Technical Specifications
2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Uendeshaji wa kifaa zaidi ya mipaka hii unaweza kusababisha uharibifu wa kudumu.
- Power Consumption:Yellow: 62.5 mW, Green: 76 mW
- Peak Forward Current (1/10 duty cycle, 0.1ms pulse):Yellow: 60 mA, Green: 100 mA
- Continuous DC forward current (IF):Yellow: 25 mA, Green: 20 mA
- Operating temperature range (Ta):-20°C to +80°C
- Storage temperature range:-30°C to +100°C
- Infrared Welding Conditions:Peak temperature 260°C, maximum 10 seconds.
2.2 Electrical and Optical Characteristics (at Ta=25°C, IF(under the condition of =5mA)
These are typical performance parameters under standard test conditions.
- Luminous intensity (IV):
- Yellow: Min 7.1 mcd, Typ -, Max 71.0 mcd
- Kijani: kiwango cha chini 28.0 mcd, kiwango cha kawaida -, kiwango cha juu 280.0 mcd
- Kupima kwa kutumia sensoru/chujio kinachokaribia mkunjo wa msikivu wa kuona wa mwanga wa CIE.
- Angle of View (2θ1/2):130 degrees (typical value for two colors). This is the full angle at which the light intensity drops to half of the axial value.
- Peak Wavelength (λP):Yellow: 591 nm (typical value), Green: 530 nm (typical value).
- Dominant Wavelength (λd):
- Yellow: Min 582.0 nm, Max 596.0 nm
- Green: Min 520.0 nm, Max 540.0 nm
- Upana wa wigo (Δλ):Manjano: 15 nm (kiasi cha kawaida), Kijani: 35 nm (kiasi cha kawaida).
- Voltage ya mbele (VF):
- Njano: Thamani ya kawaida 2.0 V, thamani ya juu zaidi 2.3 V
- Kijani: Thamani ya kawaida 2.8 V, thamani ya juu zaidi 3.2 V
- Mkondo wa kinyume (IR):Katika VR=5V, rangi zote mbili zina kiwango cha juu cha 10 µA. Kumbuka: Kifaa hiki hakikusudiwa kwa uendeshaji wa nyuma; parameta hii inatumika tu kwa madhumuni ya majaribio.
3. Maelezo ya Mfumo wa Kugawa Daraja
Bidhaa hizi zinagawanywa katika makundi kulingana na nguvu ya mwanga ili kuhakikisha usawa wa rangi na mwangaza ndani ya matumizi. Kivumishi cha kila kundi ni +/-15%.
3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning
Kwa rangi ya manjano (IF=5mA):
- K grade: 7.1 – 11.2 mcd
- L grade: 11.2 – 18.0 mcd
- M grade: 18.0 – 28.0 mcd
- N grade: 28.0 – 45.0 mcd
- P grade: 45.0 – 71.0 mcd
For green (IF=5mA):
- N grade: 28.0 – 45.0 mcd
- P grade: 45.0 – 71.0 mcd
- Q bin: 71.0 – 112.0 mcd
- R bin: 112.0 – 180.0 mcd
- S bin: 180.0 – 280.0 mcd
Model LTST-S326KSTGKT-5A indicates a specific bin selection for the yellow (K) and green (S) chips. Designers should specify the required bin for their application to ensure visual uniformity, especially when multiple LEDs are used adjacent to each other.
4. Performance Curve Analysis
Ingawa PDF inarejelea mikunjo ya kawaida, sifa zake zinaweza kudokezwa kutoka kwa data iliyotolewa:
- I-V (Umeme-Voltage) Curve:Voltage ya mbele (VF) unaonyesha uwepo wa uhusiano wa kielelezo wa kawaida. Chipi ya manjano yenye V ya kawaida ya chiniF(2.0V), umbo la curve lake litakuwa tofauti kidogo na chipi ya kijani (V ya kawaidaF2.8V). Kwa kuwa VFina mgawo hasi wa joto, kizuizi sahihi cha mkondo ni muhimu sana.
- Mwangaza dhidi ya sasa:Ndani ya safu ya kazi iliyopimwa, ukubwa (IV) unakaribia kuwa sawia na sasa ya mwelekeo (IF). Hata hivyo, kwenye sasa kubwa sana, ufanisi unaweza kupungua kwa sababu ya athari za joto.
- Sifa za Joto:Mwanga unaotolewa na LED za AlInGaP (manjano) na InGaN (kijani) kwa kawaida hupungua kadri joto la makutano linavyoongezeka. Safu ya joto la uendeshaji ya -20°C hadi +80°C inafafanua hali ya mazingira inayohakikisha utendakazi maalum uliobainishwa.
- Usambazaji wa Wigo:Peak wavelength and dominant wavelength, along with spectral bandwidth (Δλ), collectively define color purity. The broader Δλ (35 nm) of the green chip compared to the yellow chip (15 nm) is a typical characteristic of InGaN-based green LEDs.
5. Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungashaji
5.1 Vipimo vya Ufungashaji
LED hii inafuata umbo la kifurushi cha kawaida cha EIA la kusakinishwa kwenye uso. Isipokuwa imebainishwa vinginevyo, vipimo vyote viko kwenye milimita, na uvumilivu wa kawaida ni ±0.1 mm. Kifurushi hiki kina muundo nyembamba, unaofaa kwa matumizi yenye nafasi iliyozuiwa.
5.2 Pin Assignment and Polarity
Kifaa hiki kina anode mbili (moja kwa kila chip) na cathode moja ya pamoja. Usambazaji wa pini ni kama ifuatavyo:
- Katodi 1 (C1):Imeunganishwa kwenye chip ya kijani ya InGaN.
- Katodi 2 (C2):Connected to the yellow AlInGaP chip.
Correct polarity must be observed during PCB layout and assembly. Recommended PCB pad layouts are provided to ensure proper soldering and mechanical stability.
6. Mwongozo wa Uchomeaji na Usanikishaji
6.1 Vigezo vya Uchomeaji wa Reflow (Mchakato usio na Risasi)
Kifaa hiki kinaendana na uchimbaji wa reflow wa infrared. Mkunjo wa joto unaopendekezwa unaolingana na viwango vya JEDEC ni kama ifuatavyo:
- Joto la kukausha:150°C hadi 200°C
- Muda wa kukausha:Urefu wa juu wa sekunde 120
- Kiwango cha juu cha joto la mwili:Kiwango cha juu cha 260°C
- Muda uliozidi 260°C:Kwa upeo wa sekunde 10
- Idadi ya upakiaji tena:Kwa upeo wa mara mbili.
Kumbuka: Ni lazima kubainisha mkunjo halisi wa joto kulingana na muundo maalum wa PCB, mchanga wa kuuza na tanuru inayotumika.
6.2 Manual Soldering
Ikiwa ni lazima kufanya uuzaji wa mikono:
- Joto la chuma cha kuuza:Kiwango cha juu cha 300°C
- Muda wa kufunga:Maximum 3 seconds per pad
- Number of welds:Only once.
6.3 Storage and Handling
- ESD Precautions:This device is sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). Use wrist straps, antistatic mats, and properly grounded equipment when handling.
- Unyeti kwa unyevu:Kama kifaa kilichounganishwa kwenye uso, kina unyeti kwa unyevu.
- Mfuko uliofungwa kwa hermetically:Hifadhi chini ya hali ya ≤30°C na ≤60% RH. Tumia ndani ya mwaka mmoja baada ya kufungua mfuko.
- Baada ya kufungua mfuko:Kwa vipengee vilivyotoka kwenye ufungashaji asili kwa zaidi ya wiki moja, inashauriwa kuvipika kwa angalau saa 20 kwenye 60°C kabla ya reflow soldering, ili kuzuia "popcorn" effect.
- Usafishaji:Tumia tu vimumunyisho vya aina ya pombe vilivyoidhinishwa, kama vile Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA) au Ethanol. Wakati wa kuzamishwa kwa joto la kawaida usizidi dakika moja. Epuka kutumia kemikali zisizotajwa.
7. Ufungaji na Taarifa za Kuagiza
Ufungaji wa kawaida unaotumika kwa usanikishaji wa kiotomatiki ni:
- Carrier tape:8mm wide embossed carrier tape.
- Reel:7-inch (178mm) diameter reel.
- Quantity per reel:3000 pieces.
- Minimum Order Quantity (MOQ):Minimum order quantity is 500 pieces remaining.
- Packaging complies with ANSI/EIA-481 specification. Empty positions are sealed with cover tape, with a maximum of two consecutive missing components allowed.
8. Mapendekezo ya Utumiaji
8.1 Mandhari ya Kawaida ya Utumiaji
- Kiashiria cha Hali:Viasho vya kuwashwa kwa umeme, kusubiri, hali, kuchaji betri au shughuli za mtandao katika ruta, modem, vituo vya msingi na vifaa vya mawasiliano.
- Mwanga wa Nyuma wa Kibodi/Vitufe:Kutoa maoni ya rangi mbili katika paneli za viwanda, vifaa vya matibabu au bidhaa za umeme za watumiaji (k.m., kijani kibichi kinachoashiria kuamilishwa, manjano kinachoashiria onyo).
- Panel Indicator Lights:Used on control panels for household appliances (ovens, washing machines) and office automation equipment (printers, scanners).
- Symbol Illumination:Uwashi wa alama ndogo au ikoni.
8.2 Design Considerations
- Kizuizi cha mtiririko:Tumia daima upinzani wa kudhibiti mfululizo kwa kila njia ya rangi. Kulingana na voltage ya usambazaji (VCC), mkondo wa mbele unaohitajika (IF) na voltage ya mbele ya LED (VF) Calculate the resistance value. For robust design, please use the maximum VF: R = (VCC- VF_max) / IF.
- Usimamizi wa joto:Ingawa matumizi ya nguvu ni ya chini, ikiwa inafanya kazi katika hali ya joto ya juu ya mazingira au karibu na mkondo wa juu zaidi, eneo la kutosha la shaba la PCB au mashimo ya upoaji joto yanapaswa kuhakikishwa ili kudumisha utendaji na maisha ya huduma.
- Ubunifu wa macho:The 130-degree viewing angle provides wide visibility. For directional light, external lenses or light guides may be required.
- Drive Circuit:This LED is logic-level compatible and can be driven directly by a microcontroller GPIO pin (with a current-limiting resistor) or controlled for higher currents via a transistor/MOSFET switch.
9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation
LTST-S326KSTGKT-5A inatoa faida maalum katika kategoria yake:
- Rangi Mbili kwenye Kifurushi Kimoja:Eliminates the need for two separate SMD LEDs, saving PCB space, reducing placement time/cost, and simplifying the Bill of Materials (BOM).
- High Brightness:Utilizes ultra-high brightness AlInGaP and InGaN chips to deliver high luminous intensity, making it suitable for applications requiring good visibility even under well-lit conditions.
- Standardized Packaging:EIA standard packaging ensures compatibility with a wide range of existing PCB layouts, pick-and-place nozzle systems, and feeder systems.
- Robust Process Compatibility:Iliyoundaliwa kwa Infrared Reflow Soldering na usanidi wa otomatiki, kuhakikisha mavuno ya juu na uaminifu katika uzalishaji wa kiwango kikubwa.
10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara
Q1: Je, naweza kuendesha LED ya manjano na ya kijani kwa wakati mmoja kwa mkondo wa moja kwa moja wa kiwango cha juu?
A1: Hapana. Thamani za juu kabisa za kiwango cha juu zinaainisha mkondo wa moja kwa moja unaofanana wa mbele (manjano: 25mA, kijani: 20mA). Kuendesha zote mbili kwa viwango hivi kwa wakati mmoja kunaweza kuzidi kiwango cha jumla cha nguvu kinachoruhusiwa cha kifurushi. Kwa uendeshaji wa wakati mmoja, mkondo unapaswa kupunguzwa ipasavyo kulingana na mazingatio ya joto.
Q2: Je, ni tofauti gani kati ya urefu wa wimbi la kilele (λP) na urefu wa wimbi kuu (λd)?
A2: Urefu wa wimbi la kilele ni urefu wa wimbi mmoja ambao una nguvu zaidi ya wigo wa mionzi. Urefu wa wimbi kuu ni urefu wa wimbi wa mwanga wa rangi moja ambao unalingana na rangi inayohisiwa ya LED inapochanganywa na mwanga maalum wa kumbukumbu mweupe. λdInahusiana zaidi na utambuzi wa rangi wa binadamu.
Q3: Kwa nini bado inabidi kubainisha masharti ya majaribio ya mkondo wa nyuma (IR) ikiwa kifaa hakitumiki kwa uendeshaji wa nyuma?
A3: Jaribio la IRni jaribio la kawaida la ubora na uhakika, linalotumika kuangalia ukamilifu wa kiungo na uvujaji. Linathibitisha kuwa chipu ya LED na ufungaji hazina kasoro kubwa. Kutumia voltage ya nyuma katika mzunguko halisi hakupendekezwi na kunaweza kuharibu kifaa.
Q4: Je, kikomo cha wiki moja baada ya kufungua mfuko wa kuzuia unyevu ni muhimu kiasi gani?
A4: Hii ni kanuni ya utunzaji iliyokusudiwa kuzuia uharibifu kutokana na unyevu wakati wa upakiaji tena wa solder ("jambo la popcorn"). Ikiwa muda wa mfiduo umezidi, kuchoma vipengele chini ya hali maalum (60°C, zaidi ya saa 20) kunaweza kuondosha unyevu uliokithiri kwa ufanisi na kuwarejesha katika hali inayoweza kutia solder.
11. Uchambuzi wa Kesi ya Usanifu wa Vitendo
Scene:Design a dual-state indicator light for a wireless router. Green indicates a stable internet connection, yellow indicates connection attempts or signal degradation.
Implementation:
- Weka LED kwenye PCB ya paneli ya mbele. Cathode ya pamoja iunganishwe na ardhi.
- Anodi ya kijani (C1) huunganishwa na pini ya GPIO ya microcontroller kupitia resistor ya kudhibiti mkondo (mfano, 3.3V). R_green = (3.3V - 3.2V_max) / 0.005A = 20Ω (tumia thamani ya kawaida ya 22Ω).
- Anodi ya manjano (C2) huunganishwa na pini nyingine ya GPIO kupitia resistor nyingine. R_yellow = (3.3V - 2.3V_max) / 0.005A = 200Ω (tumia thamani ya kawaida ya 220Ω).
- Programu thabiti ya microcontroller inadhibiti pini: inaendesha pini ya kijani kuwa ya juu wakati muunganisho umetulia, inaendesha pini ya manjano kuwa ya juu wakati wa kutafuta/kushuka daraja, na inaendesha pini zote mbili kuwa za chini wakati imezimwa.
- Pembe ya kuona ya 130° inayofunguka inahakikisha taa ya kiashiria inaonekana kutoka kila pembe ndani ya chumba cha kawaida.
12. Utangulizi wa Kanuni za Kiufundi
LTST-S326KSTGKT-5A inategemea kanuni ya mwanga wa semiconductor imara. Kifurushi chake kina aina mbili tofauti za nyenzo za semiconductor:
- Mwangaza wa manjano (AlInGaP):Mwanga wa manjano hutolewa na chipi ya alumini-indiamu-galiadi fosfidi (AlInGaP). Unapotumia voltage chanya, elektroni na mashimo hujiunga katika eneo lenye uwezo la chipi, na kutolewa kwa nishati kwa njia ya fotoni. Muundo maalum wa aloi ya AlInGaP huamua nishati ya pengo la bendi, ambayo inalingana na urefu wa wimbi la manjano (takriban 590 nm).
- Mwangaza wa kijani (InGaN):Mwanga wa kijani hutokana na chipu ya indiamu-galiamu-nitrojeni (InGaN). Kanuni ya uendeshaji ni sawa (umeme-chanza mwangaza), lakini mfumo wa nyenzo wa InGaN una uwezo mpana wa kurekebisha pengo la bendi. Kwa kurekebisha kiwango cha indiamu, urefu wa wimbi la utoaji unaweza kubadilika katika anuwai ya wigo wa bluu, kijani na samawati. Kufikia ufanisi wa juu wa mwanga wa kijani kwa kutumia InGaN ni changamoto zaidi kuliko mwanga wa bluu, jambo hili linaonyeshwa kwa upana mpana wa wigo.
Lens ya epoksi resin wazi hufunga chipu, hutoa ulinzi wa kiufundi, huunda boriti ya mwanga inayotolewa, na hutoa mfumo wa kufunga wa mazingira.
13. Mienendo ya Sekta na Maendeleo
Soko la SMD LED kama LTST-S326KSTGKT-5A linaendelea kukua linalimwa na mwelekeo muhimu kadhaa:
- Kuongezeka kwa udogo:Mahitaji ya ukubwa mdogo wa ufungashaji (k.m. 0402, 0201 metric) yanaendelea, ili kufikia bidhaa za elektroniki zenye msongamano mkubwa na umbo mpya kama vifaa vinavyovaliwa.
- Ufanisi na Mwangaza Zaidi:Uboreshaji endelevu wa ukuaji wa epitaxial na usanifu wa chipi umepata LED zenye ufanisi mkubwa wa kutolea mwanga (kutolea mwanga zaidi kwa kila watt ya nguvu ya umeme), na hivyo kuruhusu matumizi ya nguvu ya chini au viashiria vya mwanga mkubwa zaidi chini ya mkondo sawa.
- Uthabiti wa Rangi na Daraja la Juu:Tolerances ya madhubiti zaidi kwa urefu wa wimbi (rangi) na ukubwa wa mwanga zinakuwa kiwango, hasa katika matumizi ambapo LED nyingi lazima zilingane kikamilifu, kama vile skrini za rangi kamili au safu za viashiria.
- Ujumuishaji na Utendaji wa Akili:Mwelekeo unapanuka kutoka kwa LED rahisi zilizotengwa hadi kwenye suluhisho zilizojumuishwa, kama vile LED zenye kizuizi cha mkondo kilichojengwa ndani, IC ya kuendesha na hata vikokotoo vidogo, kwa ajili ya LED zinazoweza kuanzishwa za RGB (k.m., WS2812).
- Uthabiti na Ufanisi wa Mazingira Magumu:Lengo la ukuzaji ni kuboresha utendaji na uimara katika hali ya joto, unyevu na mazingira yenye kemikali za juu, na kupanua matumizi kwa mazingira ya magari, viwanda na nje.
Vifaa kama LTST-S326KSTGKT-5A vinawakilisha suluhisho zima, thabiti na la gharama nafuu kwa matumizi ya kawaida ya viashiria, huku teknolojia mpya zaidi ikisukuma mipaka ya matumizi maalum ya utendaji wa hali ya juu.
Maelezo ya Istilahi za Vipimo vya LED
Maelezo kamili ya istilahi za kiteknolojia ya LED
I. Viashiria muhimu vya utendaji wa mwanga na umeme
| Terminology | Unit/Representation | Layman's Explanation | Kwa Nini Ni Muhimu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ufanisi wa Mwanga (Luminous Efficacy) | lm/W (lumens per watt) | The luminous flux emitted per watt of electrical power; the higher the value, the more energy-efficient. | It directly determines the energy efficiency rating of the luminaire and the electricity cost. |
| Mfumko wa Mwanga (Luminous Flux) | lm (lumeni) | Jumla ya mwanga unaotolewa na chanzo cha mwanga, unaojulikana kwa jina la "mwangaza". | Huamua kama taa inatosha kuwa na mwangaza. |
| Pembe ya kutazama (Viewing Angle) | ° (digrii), kama 120° | Pembe ambayo nguvu ya mwanga hupungua hadi nusu, inayoamua upana wa boriti ya mwanga. | Inapata ushawishi kwenye upeo na usawa wa mwanga. |
| Joto la rangi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), kama 2700K/6500K | Joto la rangi ya mwanga, thamani ya chini inaelekea manjano/joto, thamani ya juu inaelekea nyeupe/baridi. | Huamua mazingira ya taa na matumizi yanayofaa. |
| Color Rendering Index (CRI / Ra) | Unitless, 0–100 | The ability of a light source to reproduce the true colors of objects, with Ra≥80 being preferable. | Inaathiri ukweli wa rangi, hutumika katika maeneo yenye mahitaji makubwa kama maduka makubwa, majumba ya sanaa. |
| Tofauti ya uvumilivu wa rangi (SDCM) | MacAdam ellipse steps, such as "5-step" | A quantitative indicator of color consistency; a smaller step number indicates better color consistency. | Ensure no color difference among luminaires from the same batch. |
| Mdomo mkuu (Dominant Wavelength) | nm (nanomita), k.m. 620nm (nyekundu) | Wavelength values corresponding to the colors of colored LEDs. | Determines the hue of monochromatic LEDs such as red, yellow, and green. |
| Spectral Distribution | Mkunjo wa Urefu wa Mawimbi dhidi ya Ukubwa | Inaonyesha usambazaji wa ukubwa wa mwanga unaotolewa na LED katika urefu wa mawimbi tofauti. | Inapotosha uhalisi wa rangi na ubora wa rangi. |
II. Vigezo vya Umeme
| Terminology | Ishara | Layman's Explanation | Mazingatio ya Ubunifu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forward Voltage (Forward Voltage) | Vf | The minimum voltage required to light up an LED, similar to a "starting threshold". | The driving power supply voltage must be ≥ Vf; the voltages add up when multiple LEDs are connected in series. |
| Mwendo wa Umeme wa Mbele (Forward Current) | If | The current value required for the LED to emit light normally. | Constant current drive is commonly used, as the current determines brightness and lifespan. |
| Maximum Pulse Current | Ifp | Kilele cha mkondo kinachoweza kustahimili kwa muda mfupi, kinachotumika kwa kudimisha au kumulika. | Upanaaji wa upana wa msukumo na uwiano wa kazi unahitaji udhibiti mkali, vinginevyo utaharibika kwa joto kupita kiasi. |
| Reverse Voltage | Vr | Upeo wa voltage ya nyuma ambayo LED inaweza kustahimili, ikiwa unazidi hii inaweza kuharibika. | Katika mzunguko, ni muhimu kuzuia kuunganishwa kinyume au mshtuko wa voltage. |
| Upinzani wa Joto (Thermal Resistance) | Rth (°C/W) | Upinzani wa joto unapopita kutoka kwenye chip hadi kwenye sehemu ya kuunganishia, thamani ya chini inaonyesha usambazaji bora wa joto. | Upinzani wa juu wa joto unahitaji muundo wenye nguvu zaidi wa kupoza joto, vinginevyo joto la kiungo litaongezeka. |
| ESD Immunity | V (HBM), kama 1000V | Uwezo wa kukabiliana na mshtuko wa umeme wa tuli, thamani ya juu zaidi inaonyesha uwezo mkubwa wa kuepusha uharibifu. | Katika uzalishaji, ni muhimu kuchukua hatua za kinga dhidi ya umeme wa tuli, hasa kwa LED zenye usikivu mkubwa. |
III. Usimamizi wa Joto na Uthabiti
| Terminology | Viashiria Muhimu | Layman's Explanation | Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Junction Temperature | Tj (°C) | The actual operating temperature inside the LED chip. | For every 10°C reduction, the lifespan may double; excessively high temperatures cause lumen depreciation and color shift. |
| Kupungua kwa Mwangaza (Lumen Depreciation) | L70 / L80 (saa) | Muda unaohitajika kwa mwangaza kushuka hadi 70% au 80% ya thamani ya awali. | Kufafanua moja kwa moja "maisha ya huduma" ya LED. |
| Lumen Maintenance | % (e.g., 70%) | The percentage of remaining brightness after a period of use. | Characterizes the ability to maintain brightness after long-term use. |
| Mabadiliko ya rangi (Color Shift) | Δu′v′ au MacAdam ellipses | Kiwango cha mabadiliko ya rangi wakati wa matumizi. | Inaathiri uthabiti wa rangi katika eneo la taa. |
| Thermal Aging | Deterioration of material properties | Degradation of packaging materials due to prolonged high temperatures. | Inaweza kusababisha kupungua kwa mwangaza, mabadiliko ya rangi au kushindwa kwa mzunguko wazi. |
Nne. Ufungaji na Nyenzo
| Terminology | Aina za Kawaida | Layman's Explanation | Sifa na Matumizi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aina ya Ufungaji | EMC, PPA, Ceramic | A housing material that protects the chip and provides optical and thermal interfaces. | EMC offers good heat resistance and low cost; ceramic provides superior heat dissipation and long lifespan. |
| Muundo wa Chip | Usakinishaji wa Kawaida, Usakinishaji wa Kugeuzwa (Flip Chip) | Chip electrode arrangement method. | Flip-chip offers better heat dissipation and higher luminous efficacy, suitable for high-power applications. |
| Phosphor coating. | YAG, silicate, nitride | Coated on the blue LED chip, partially converted to yellow/red light, mixed to form white light. | Different phosphors affect luminous efficacy, color temperature, and color rendering. |
| Lens/Optical Design | Planar, microlens, total internal reflection | Optical structure on the packaging surface controls light distribution. | Determines the emission angle and light distribution curve. |
V. Udhibiti wa Ubora na Uainishaji
| Terminology | Yaliyomo ya Uainishaji | Layman's Explanation | Kusudi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kugawanya kwa kiwango cha mwanga | Msimbo kama 2G, 2H | Group by brightness level, each group has a minimum/maximum lumen value. | Ensure consistent brightness within the same batch of products. |
| Voltage binning | Codes such as 6W, 6X | Grouped by forward voltage range. | Inafaa kwa kuendana na chanzo cha umeme cha kuendesha, kuboresha ufanisi wa mfumo. |
| Kugawanya kwa makundi kulingana na rangi | 5-step MacAdam ellipse | Group by color coordinates to ensure colors fall within an extremely small range. | Ensure color consistency to avoid color unevenness within the same luminaire. |
| Kugawa joto | 2700K, 3000K, n.k. | Pangwa kulingana na joto la rangi, kila kikundi kina safu maalum ya kuratibu. | Kukidhi mahitaji ya joto la rangi katika hali mbalimbali. |
6. Uchunguzi na Uthibitisho
| Terminology | Standard/Test | Layman's Explanation | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Lumen Maintenance Test | Long-term operation under constant temperature conditions, recording luminance attenuation data. | For estimating LED lifetime (in conjunction with TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Lifetime projection standard | Projecting lifespan under actual use conditions based on LM-80 data. | Providing scientific life prediction. |
| IESNA Standard | Illuminating Engineering Society Standard | Covers optical, electrical, and thermal testing methods. | Msingi wa vipimo unaokubaliwa na tasnia. |
| RoHS / REACH | Uthibitisho wa Mazingira | Hakikisha bidhaa hazina vitu hatari (kama risasi, zebaki). | Masharti ya kuingia kwenye soko la kimataifa. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Uthibitisho wa ufanisi wa nishati | Uthibitishaji wa ufanisi wa nishati na utendaji wa bidhaa za taa. | Inatumika kwa kawaida katika ununuzi wa serikali na miradi ya ruzuku, kuimarisha ushindani wa soko. |