Table of Contents
- 1. Product Overview
- 1.1 Core Advantages
- 2. Uchambuzi wa kina wa Vigezo vya Kiufundi
- 2.1 Viwango vya Juu Kabisa
- 2.2 Electrical and Optical Characteristics
- 3. Mfumo wa Uainishaji Maelezo
- 4. Uchambuzi wa Mkunjo wa Utendaji
- Chati inayoonyesha nguvu ya mwanga ya jamaa kwa kila urefu wa wimbi, urefu wa wimbi wa kati ni takriban 639 nm, upana wa nusu ni takriban 20 nm. Hii inafafanua sifa za rangi.
- Kifurushi kinaweza kuwa na alama ya kimwili (nukta, pengo au ukingo uliopindika) ili kutambua pini 1. Mwelekeo sahihi ni muhimu ili kuzuia uharibifu wakati wa kuunganisha na uendeshaji.
- Hifadhi katika mazingira yaliyokauka na yasiyo na umeme wa tuli ndani ya anuwai maalum ya joto (-35°C hadi +85°C). Kwa vifaa vyenye usikivu wa unyevu, ikiwa havikukaushwa kabla ya matumizi, zihifadhi kwenye mfuko uliofungwa na dawa ya kukausha.
- 7. Mapendekezo ya Utumizi
- Chaguo bora kwa miradi ya kujifunza elektroniki inayohusisha maonyesho ya multiplexing na interface ya microcontroller.
- 8. Ulinganishi wa Kiufundi na Tofauti
- 9. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)
- 9.1 Je, naweza kutumia microcontroller ya 3.3V kuendesha onyesho hili moja kwa moja, bila kibadilishaji cha kiwango cha umeme?
- 9.2 Kwa nini nguvu ya mwanga inatolewa kama safu (200-600 μcd)? Vipi kuhakikisha mwangaza unaolingana?
- 9.3 "L1, L2, L3" muunganisho unaotajwa pamoja na baadhi ya cathode zina matumizi gani?
- 9.4 Ninawezaje kuhesabu matumizi ya nishati ya muundo wangu wa onyesho?
- 10. Uchunguzi wa Kesi ya Ubunifu
- 11. Technical Principle Introduction
- 12. Mwenendo wa Teknolojia
1. Product Overview
LTC-2621JR ni moduli ya kuonyesha yenye muundo mdogo, yenye nafasi mbili, yenye sehemu saba za LED. Kazi yake kuu ni kutoa matokeo ya nambari wazi na yanayoweza kusomeka kwa urahisi katika vifaa vingi vya elektroniki na vyombo vya kupima. Teknolojia yake ya msingi inategemea nyenzo za semiconductor za AlInGaP, ambazo zimeundwa kutoa mwanga mwekundu wenye mwangaza mkubwa na ufanisi wa juu wa kutolea mwanga. Kifaa hiki kina sifa ya kutumia mkondo wa chini wa uendeshaji, na kufaa kwa matumizi yanayotumia betri au yanayohitaji usikivu wa matumizi ya nishati, ambapo kupunguza matumizi ya nguvu ni muhimu sana. Moduli hii ya kuonyesha inatumia paneli ya kijivu na sehemu nyeupe, ambayo inaboresha tofauti na uwezo wa kusomeka chini ya hali mbalimbali za mwanga.
1.1 Core Advantages
- Mahitaji ya Matumizi ya Nishati ya Chini:Imebuniwa kwa ajili ya kufanya kazi chini ya mkondo wa chini sana, na sehemu za maandishi zinaweza kudhibitiwa kwa ufanisi hata chini ya mkondo wa 1 mA. Hii inapunguza kwa kiasi kikubwa matumizi ya nguvu ya mfumo mzima.
- Mwangaza wa juu na tofauti ya juu:Inatumia teknolojia ya AlInGaP, inatoa nguvu ya mwanga ya juu, na kuhakikisha kuonekana kwa ubora. Muundo wa jopo la kijivu/maandishi mekundu zaidi huongeza tofauti.
- Bora la Muonekano wa Herufi:Ina sehemu za maandishi zinazofuatana na zenye usawa (urefu wa herufi inchi 0.28/mm 7.0), inaweza kuwasilisha tarakimu zenye muundo thabiti na kitaalamu.
- Pembe ya Kuona Pana:Inatoa mwonekano wazi kutoka kwa pembe pana, jambo muhimu kwa interface ya mtumiaji.
- Uthabiti wa hali ngumu:Kama kifaa kinachotegemea LED, kina maisha marefu zaidi, kustahimili mshtuko na uthabati ikilinganishwa na teknolojia za kuonyesha za mitambo au nyingine.
- Kupangwa kulingana na nguvu ya mwanga:Vifaa vinapangwa au kugawanywa kulingana na pato lao la mwanga, hivyo kufanikisha usawa bora katika matumizi yanayohitaji mwangaza sawa kwa maonyesho mengi.
2. Uchambuzi wa kina wa Vigezo vya Kiufundi
Sehemu hii inatoa uchambuzi wa kina na usio na upendeleo wa vigezo muhimu vya umeme na mwanga vilivyofafanuliwa kwenye hati ya maelezo. Kuelewa vigezo hivi ni muhimu kwa usanifu sahihi wa saketi na kuhakikisha utendaji bora wa maonyesho.
2.1 Viwango vya Juu Kabisa
Viwango hivi vinabainisha mipaka ya mkazo inayoweza kusababisha uharibifu wa kudumu wa kifaa. Uendeshaji zaidi ya mipaka hii hauhakikishiwi na unapaswa kuepukwa.
- Power consumption per segment:Maximum 70 mW. This limit is determined by the heat dissipation capability of the LED chip. Exceeding this value may lead to thermal runaway and failure.
- Peak forward current per segment:Upeo wa 100 mA, lakini tu chini ya hali ya msukumo (1/10 kazi ya mzunguko, upana wa msukumo 0.1 ms). Ukadiriaji huu unatumika kwa hali za kuzidisha njia nyingi au kudhibiti kwa muda mfupi, sio kwa uendeshaji endelevu wa DC.
- Yaendelevu ya sasa ya mbele kwa kila sehemu:Upeo wa 25 mA kwenye 25°C. Wakati joto la mazingira (Ta) linazidi 25°C, sasa hii hupungua kwa mstari kwa kiwango cha 0.33 mA/°C. Kwa mfano, kwenye 85°C, upeo wa sasa endelevu unaoruhusiwa ni takriban: 25 mA - ((85°C - 25°C) * 0.33 mA/°C) = ~5.2 mA. Kupunguzwa huku kwa nguvu ni muhimu kwa usimamizi wa joto.
- Voltage ya nyuma kwa kila sehemu:Maximum 5 V. LEDs have a low reverse breakdown voltage. Applying a reverse voltage exceeding this value may cause immediate catastrophic failure of the PN junction.
- Operating and storage temperature range:-35°C to +85°C. This device is suitable for the industrial temperature range.
- Joto la Uchomaji:Kiwango cha juu cha 260°C, kwa muda wa sekunde 3 kwa upeo, sehemu ya kipimo iko chini ya 1.6 mm ya ndege ya usakinishaji. Hii ni mwongozo wa kiwango cha mkunjo wa joto wa reflow, unakusudiwa kuzuia uharibifu wa kifuniko cha plastiki na waya za ndani za kuunganisha.
2.2 Electrical and Optical Characteristics
Hizi ni vigezo vya kawaida vya uendeshaji vilivyopimwa kwa Ta=25°C. Wabunifu wanapaswa kutumia maadili haya kwa hesabu za mzunguko.
- Nguvu ya wastani ya mwanga (IV):Katika IFCurve):
- Peak Emission Wavelength (λp):Katika IF= 20 mA, 639 nm (typical). This is the wavelength at which the optical power output is maximum. It defines the color of "Ultra High Brightness Red".
- Spectral Line Half-Width (Δλ):Katika IFAt I_F = 20 mA, 20 nm (typical). This measures the spectral purity or bandwidth of the emitted light. A value of 20 nm is typical for AlInGaP red LEDs, indicating relatively pure color.
- Dominant Wavelength (λ_D)d):Katika IFAt I_F = 20 mA, 631 nm (typical). This is the single wavelength that most closely matches the color perceived by the human eye. It is slightly shorter than the peak wavelength.
- Forward Voltage per Segment (V_F)F):Katika IFAt I_F = 20 mA, 2.0 V (min), 2.6 V (typical). This is the voltage drop across the LED when it is conducting. It is crucial for calculating the series resistor value. The typical 2.6V is higher than that of standard GaAsP red LEDs, which is characteristic of AlInGaP technology.
- Reverse current per segment (IR):At VR= 5 V, 100 μA (max). This is the small leakage current that flows when the LED is reverse-biased at its maximum rating.
- Luminous intensity matching ratio (IV-m):2:1 (maximum). This parameter specifies the maximum allowable ratio between the brightest and darkest segments within a single device or between devices. A ratio of 2:1 means the brightness of the darkest segment must not be less than half that of the brightest segment, thereby ensuring uniformity.
3. Mfumo wa Uainishaji Maelezo
The datasheet indicates that the device is "graded by luminous intensity." This refers to a grading process.
- Upangaji wa nguvu ya mwanga:Baada ya utengenezaji, LED hupimwa kulingana na pato la mwanga linalopimwa chini ya mkondo wa kawaida wa majaribio (k.m., 1 mA au 20 mA) na kuainishwa katika viwango tofauti. IVSafu (200-600 μcd) inaweza kujumuisha viwango vingi. Kutumia LED kutoka kiwango kimoja katika matumizi yenye tarakimu nyingi au seli nyingi kuhakikisha mwangaza sawa kwenye onyesho lote, jambo muhimu kwa uzuri wa bidhaa na uwezo wa kusomeka. Waundaji wanaweza kwa kawaida kubainisha msimbo maalum wa kiwango cha nguvu ya mwanga wakati wa kuagiza.
- Forward Voltage Binning:Although not explicitly mentioned for this device, voltage binning is also common. Grouping LEDs with similar VFfacilitates the design of simpler and more uniform current-limiting networks, especially in parallel or multiplexed configurations.
4. Uchambuzi wa Mkunjo wa Utendaji
Mwongozo unarejelea "Mikunjo ya Kawaida ya Tabia ya Umeme/Optiki". Ingawa hakuna chati maalum iliyotolewa katika maandishi, tunaweza kukisia yaliyomo yake ya kawaida na umuhimu wake.
- Mkunjo wa Uhusiano kati ya Ukubwa wa Mwanga wa Jamaa na Mkondo wa Mbele (IV/ IFCurve):This chart will show how the light output increases with current. For LEDs, the relationship is typically linear at lower currents but may saturate at higher currents due to thermal effects. This curve confirms the device's usability at extremely low currents (1 mA).
- Forward Voltage vs. Forward Current curve (VF/ IFCurve):This exponential curve is crucial for determining the LED's dynamic resistance and designing constant-current drivers. It shows VFWith IF.
- Increase.Relative luminous intensity vs. ambient temperature curve:
- This curve illustrates the thermal derating characteristics of light output. For AlInGaP LEDs, luminous intensity typically decreases as temperature increases. This is a key consideration for applications operating in high-temperature environments.Usambazaji wa wigo:
Chati inayoonyesha nguvu ya mwanga ya jamaa kwa kila urefu wa wimbi, urefu wa wimbi wa kati ni takriban 639 nm, upana wa nusu ni takriban 20 nm. Hii inafafanua sifa za rangi.
Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungaji
- The LTC-2621JR utilizes a standard dual-digit seven-segment LED package.Character Height:
- 0.28 inch (7.0 mm).Vipimo vya kifurushi:
- Mwongozo una mchoro wa kina wa vipimo (haijakopwa hapa). Toleransi muhimu ni ±0.25 mm (0.01 inchi), ambayo ni toleransi ya kawaida kwa vipengele kama hivi. Wabunifu lazima watumie vipimo hivi kwa kubuni pedi za PCB na ufunguzi wa paneli.Usanidi wa pini:
- Kifaa hiki kinatumia usanidi wa pini 16 (baadhi ya pini ni "hakuna muunganisho" au "hakuna pini"). Ni aina ya anodi ya pamoja yenye kuzidisha. Mpangilio wa pini ni kama ifuatavyo:
- Anodi ya pamoja: pini 2 (bit 1), pini 5 (bit 2), pini 8 (bit 3) na pini 13 (L1, L2, L3).
- Kathodi ya sehemu: pini 1 (D), pini 3 (D.P.), pini 4 (E), pini 6 (C, L3), pini 7 (G), pini 12 (B, L2), pini 15 (A, L1), pini 16 (F).
- Pins 9, 10, 11, and 14 are marked as No Connection or No Pin.Internal circuit diagram:
- The datasheet shows the internal electrical connections. It confirms a common-anode multiplexed structure: all anodes for a given digit (and optionally LEDs L1-L3) are internally connected together, while the cathode for each segment is separate. This allows the three digits to be controlled sequentially (multiplexed) using only one set of segment drivers.Kitambulisho cha polarity:
Kifurushi kinaweza kuwa na alama ya kimwili (nukta, pengo au ukingo uliopindika) ili kutambua pini 1. Mwelekeo sahihi ni muhimu ili kuzuia uharibifu wakati wa kuunganisha na uendeshaji.
Mwongozo wa Kuunganisha na Usanikishaji
- Kufuata miongozo hii ni muhimu ili kuzuia uharibifu wa joto wakati wa usanikishaji wa PCB.Mkunjo wa joto wa reflow soldering:
- Hali ya juu inayopendekezwa ni kiwango cha juu cha joto cha 260°C, kwa sekunde 3 kwa upeo. Hii inapimwa chini ya 1.6 mm (1/16 inchi) ya ndege ya usakinishaji wa kifurushi (yaani, kwenye PCB). Mkunjo wa kawaida wa reflow soldering isiyo na risasi kwa kawaida uko ndani ya kikomo hiki, lakini wakati juu ya mstari wa kioevu (TAL) unapaswa kudhibitiwa.手工焊接：<如果必须进行手工焊接，应使用温控烙铁。每个引脚的接触时间应最小化（通常
- 3 seconds), and a heat sink (e.g., tweezers) can be used on the pin between the iron and the package body.Cleaning:
- Tumia tu vifaa vya kusafisha vinavyolingana na nyenzo za lenzi za plastiki za LED, ili kuzuia kufunguka kwa mvuke au uharibifu wa kemikali.Masharti ya uhifadhi:
Hifadhi katika mazingira yaliyokauka na yasiyo na umeme wa tuli ndani ya anuwai maalum ya joto (-35°C hadi +85°C). Kwa vifaa vyenye usikivu wa unyevu, ikiwa havikukaushwa kabla ya matumizi, zihifadhi kwenye mfuko uliofungwa na dawa ya kukausha.
7. Mapendekezo ya Utumizi
- 7.1 Mandhari ya Kawaida ya UtumiziBidhaa za Kielektroniki za Matumizi ya Kibinafsi zinazobebeka:
- Digital multimeters, handheld test equipment, compact audio players, or fitness trackers, where low power consumption is critical.Industrial Instrumentation:
- Panel meters, process controllers, timer displays, and sensor readings, requiring reliability and a wide operating temperature range.Display for Automotive Aftermarket:
- Auxiliary instrument for interior (voltmeter, clock), but may require environmental sealing.Household Appliances:
- Display for microwave oven, coffee machine, or thermostat.Kifurushi cha Elimu:
Chaguo bora kwa miradi ya kujifunza elektroniki inayohusisha maonyesho ya multiplexing na interface ya microcontroller.
- 7.2 Design ConsiderationsCurrent Limiting:A series current-limiting resistor (or constant current driver) must be used for each segment cathode line. The formula for calculating the resistor value is: R = (VPower SupplyF- VVoltage Drop Across the Driver) / IF. For a 5V power supply, VFThe voltage is 2.6V, and the desired current IFis 10 mA: R = (5 - 2.6) / 0.01 = 240 Ω. For a conservative design, please use the maximum VFvalue from the datasheet.
- Multiplexed Drive:由于它是共阳极多路复用显示器，微控制器或驱动器IC必须顺序使能每个数字位的共阳极（引脚2、5、8），同时在阴极线上输出相应的段码图案。刷新率必须足够高（>60 Hz）以避免可见闪烁。
- Upeo wa sasa katika uchanganyaji:Wakati wa kuchanganya nafasi N za tarakimu, sasa ya papo hapo ya kila sehemu wakati wa kuwashwa kwa kawaida ni mara N ya sasa ya wastani inayohitajika. Kwa uchanganyaji wa tarakimu 3, sasa ya wastani ya kila sehemu ni 3 mA, na sasa ya kilele ni takriban ~9 mA. Lazima ukaguzi ufanyike dhidi ya viwango vya juu kabisa (25 mA endelevu, 100 mA msukumo).
- Pembe ya mtazamo:Kwa kuzingatia mtazamo wake mpana, weka kioleza ili kuhakikisha mtumiaji wa mwisho anapata usomaji bora zaidi.
- Ulinzi wa ESD:LED ni nyeti kwa kutokwa kwa umeme tuli. Tekeleza taratibu za kawaida za usindikaji wa ESD wakati wa usanikishaji.
8. Ulinganishi wa Kiufundi na Tofauti
LTC-2621JR inafanikisha utofautishaji katika soko kupitia uchaguzi maalum wa teknolojia.
- Ulinganisho wa AlInGaP na GaAsP/GaP ya kawaida:Older red LEDs use GaAsP or GaP substrates, which are less efficient and produce a more orange-red light. AlInGaP technology offers significantly higher luminous efficiency (more light output per mA), better color purity (saturated red around 631-639 nm), and superior temperature stability. This translates to brighter displays, lower power consumption, or longer battery life.
- Low Current Optimization:Many seven-segment displays are characterized at 20 mA. The LTC-2621JR is explicitly tested and screened for excellent performance at very low currents (typically 1 mA), making it a specialized component for ultra-low-power designs.
- Grey Panel/White Segment:This aesthetic choice enhances contrast when the display is off (black/grey appearance) and improves segment clarity when lit, compared to fully black or grey packages.
9. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)
9.1 Je, naweza kutumia microcontroller ya 3.3V kuendesha onyesho hili moja kwa moja, bila kibadilishaji cha kiwango cha umeme?
Kwa kawaida inawezekana. Katika 20 mA, voltage ya mbele ya kawaida (VF) ni 2.6V. Katika mkondo wa chini wa kuendesha (kwa mfano 5-10 mA), VFitakuwa chini kidogo (kwa mfano 2.4V). Pini ya GPIO ya 3.3V inaweza kuwasha sehemu moja kwa moja kwa kuingiza mkondo kupitia upinzani uliosanidiwa mfululizo. Hesabu: Kwa kuingiza mkondo wa 5 mA, VFFor a 2.4V GPIO pin, the resistor value is (3.3V - 2.4V) / 0.005A = 180 Ω. Ensure the total sink current capability of the microcontroller is not exceeded.
9.2 Kwa nini nguvu ya mwanga inatolewa kama safu (200-600 μcd)? Vipi kuhakikisha mwangaza unaolingana?
This range represents a binning distribution. To ensure consistency, you have two options: 1) Design your circuit to function correctly across the entire range (e.g., ensure readability even at the minimum 200 μcd). 2) Specify a tighter luminous intensity binning code when ordering components for production, ensuring all units in your batch have similar output. Please consult the manufacturer's complete binning documentation.
9.3 "L1, L2, L3" muunganisho unaotajwa pamoja na baadhi ya cathode zina matumizi gani?
These are connections to optional, independent LED indicators (which may be small dots or icons) that are part of the same package but are electrically independent from the seven-segment digit. They share a common anode (pin 13) but have independent cathodes (pin 15/L1, 12/L2, 6/L3). They can be used for symbols such as a colon, decimal points for other digits, or status indicators.
9.4 Ninawezaje kuhesabu matumizi ya nishati ya muundo wangu wa onyesho?
For a multiplexed design with N digit positions, each digit position lighting an average of M segments, and a peak segment current IPeak, the approximate average power is: PWastani≈ N * (M / 7) * IPeak* VF* (1/N) = (M / 7) * IPeak* VFThe (1/N) factor comes from the duty cycle of multiplexing. Example: Displaying "88.8" (M=7 segments), IPeak=10 mA, VF=2.6V: PWastani≈ (7/7) * 0.01 * 2.6 = 0.026 W, meaning the power consumption for the entire 3-digit display is 26 mW.
10. Uchunguzi wa Kesi ya Ubunifu
Scenario:Design a low-power, 3-bit battery-powered digital thermometer.
- Microcontroller:A low-power MCU operating at 3.3V, whose GPIO pins can sink 10 mA of current.
- Driving Method:Multiplexing. Three GPIO pins are configured as outputs to drive the common anodes (digits 1, 2, 3) via small NPN transistors or MOSFETs (to handle the combined segment current). Another seven GPIO pins drive the segment cathodes through current-limiting resistors.
- Current Setting:The target average segment current is 2 mA for good visibility and long battery life. Using 3-way multiplexing, the peak current per segment is approximately ~6 mA. Using VF= 2.5V (estimated at 6 mA), with a driver saturation voltage drop of 0.2V, the series resistor value is: R = (3.3V - 2.5V - 0.2V) / 0.006A ≈ 100 Ω.
- Software:The MCU timer triggers an interrupt at 180 Hz (60 Hz per digit * 3 digits). In the Interrupt Service Routine, it turns off the anode of the previous digit, updates the segment pattern for the next digit, and then turns on the anode of the new digit.
- Results:This display consumes less than 15 mW, provides flicker-free readability, and utilizes the LTC-2621JR's optimized low-current performance to maximize battery runtime.
11. Technical Principle Introduction
LTC-2621JR is based on solid-state lighting technology. Each segment contains one or more AlInGaP LED chips. When a forward voltage exceeding the diode's threshold is applied, electrons and holes recombine in the semiconductor active region, releasing energy in the form of photons (light). The specific composition of the AlInGaP layer determines the bandgap energy, which directly defines the wavelength (color) of the emitted light—in this case, red at approximately 639 nm. Light is emitted from the top of the chip and shaped by the plastic package lens to form uniform segments. The common-anode multiplexing configuration is an internal wiring scheme that reduces the number of required external drive pins from (7 segments + 1 decimal point) * 3 digits = 24 to 7 segment lines + 3 digit lines = 10, plus a few pins for optional LEDs, making its interface with a microcontroller more practical.
12. Mwenendo wa Teknolojia
While the LTC-2621JR represents a mature and reliable technology, the broader display field is evolving. The trend in information display is toward higher integration and flexibility. Organic LED (OLED) and micro-LED displays offer self-emission, high contrast, and flexible form factors. However, for simple numeric readouts, traditional segmented LED displays remain highly competitive due to their minimalism, ruggedness, low cost, high brightness, and wide operating temperature range. Specific trends within this segment are toward lower power consumption, more efficient materials (such as improved AlInGaP or InGaN for other colors), and the direct integration of driving electronics (like I2C or SPI interfaces) into the display module, thereby reducing external component count and simplifying design. The LTC-2621JR's focus on ultra-low current operation aligns well with the enduring demand for highly energy-efficient components in portable and IoT devices.
Detailed Explanation of LED Specification Terminology
Kamusi Kamili ya Istilahi za Teknolojia ya LED
I. Viashiria Muhimu vya Utendaji wa Kielektroniki na Mwanga
| Istilahi | Unit/Penyataan | Penjelasan Awam | Kwa nini ni muhimu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ufanisi wa Mwanga (Luminous Efficacy) | lm/W (lumen/watt) | The luminous flux emitted per watt of electrical power; the higher the value, the more energy-efficient. | Directly determines the energy efficiency rating and electricity cost of the luminaire. |
| Fluxi Mwangaza (Luminous Flux) | lm (lumen) | Jumla ya kiasi cha mwanga kinachotolewa na chanzo cha mwanga, kinachojulikana kwa kawaida kama "mwangaza". | Huamua kama taa inatosha kuwa na mwangaza. |
| Pembe ya kuona mwanga (Viewing Angle) | ° (degree), such as 120° | The angle at which light intensity drops to half, determining the beam width. | Affects the illumination range and uniformity. |
| Joto la rangi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), k.m. 2700K/6500K | Joto la rangi ya mwanga, thamani ya chini huelekea manjano/joto, thamani ya juu huelekea nyeupe/baridi. | Huamua mazingira ya taa na matumizi yanayofaa. |
| Kielelezo cha Uonyeshaji Rangi (CRI / Ra) | Unitless, 0–100 | The ability of a light source to reproduce the true colors of objects, with Ra≥80 being preferable. | Inaathiri usahihi wa rangi, hutumika katika maeneo yenye mahitaji makubwa kama vile maduka makubwa, majumba ya sanaa. |
| Tofauti ya uvumilivu wa rangi (SDCM) | Idadi ya hatua za duaradufu ya MacAdam, kama vile "5-step" | A quantitative indicator of color consistency; the smaller the step number, the better the color consistency. | Ensure no color difference among luminaires from the same batch. |
| Wavelengthu Kuu (Dominant Wavelength) | nm (nanomita), k.m. 620nm (nyekundu) | Thamani ya wavelength inayolingana na rangi ya LED ya rangi. | Determines the hue of monochromatic LEDs such as red, yellow, and green. |
| Spectral Distribution | Wavelength vs. Intensity Curve | It shows the intensity distribution of light emitted by an LED across various wavelengths. | It affects color rendering and color quality. |
Vigezo vya Umeme
| Istilahi | Ishara | Penjelasan Awam | Vidokezo vya Ubunifu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Voltage ya Mbele (Forward Voltage) | Vf | Voltage ya chini inayohitajika kuwasha LED, kama "kizingiti cha kuanzisha". | Voltage ya chanzo cha umeme inahitaji kuwa ≥ Vf, voltage inajumlishwa wakati LED nyingi zimeunganishwa mfululizo. |
| Forward Current | If | The current value that enables the LED to emit light normally. | Inatumika kwa kawaida kuendesha kwa mkondo wa kudumu, mkondo huamua mwangaza na maisha ya huduma. |
| Maximum Pulse Current | Ifp | Peak current that can be withstood for a short period, used for dimming or flashing. | Pulse width and duty cycle must be strictly controlled, otherwise overheating damage will occur. |
| Reverse Voltage | Vr | Upeo wa juu wa voltage ya nyuma ambayo LED inaweza kustahimili, ukizidi huo unaweza kusababisha kuvunjika. | Katika mzunguko, ni muhimu kuzuia uunganishaji wa kinyume au mshtuko wa voltage. |
| Thermal Resistance | Rth (°C/W) | Upinzani wa joto kutoka kwenye chip hadi kwenye sehemu ya kuuza, thamani ya chini inaonyesha usambazaji bora wa joto. | Upeo wa juu wa upinzani wa joto unahitaji muundo wa upunguzaji joto wenye nguvu zaidi, vinginevyo joto la kiungo litaongezeka. |
| Uvumilivu wa Utoaji Umeme wa Tuli (ESD Immunity) | V (HBM), kama vile 1000V | Uwezo wa kukabiliana na mshtuko wa umeme wa tuli, thamani ya juu zaidi inamaanisha uwezekano mdogo wa kuharibika kwa umeme wa tuli. | Katika uzalishaji, ni muhimu kuchukua hatua za kinga dhidi ya umeme wa tuli, hasa kwa LED zenye usikivu mkubwa. |
III. Usimamizi wa Joto na Uaminifu
| Istilahi | Viashiria Muhimu | Penjelasan Awam | Athari |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joto la Kiungo (Junction Temperature) | Tj (°C) | The actual operating temperature inside the LED chip. | For every 10°C reduction, the lifespan may double; excessively high temperatures lead to lumen depreciation and color shift. |
| Lumen Depreciation | L70 / L80 (masaa) | Muda unaohitajika kwa mwangaza kupungua hadi 70% au 80% ya thamani ya awali. | Define the "useful life" of an LED directly. |
| Lumen Maintenance | % (e.g., 70%) | Asilimia ya mwangaza uliobaki baada ya kutumia kwa muda fulani. | Inaonyesha uwezo wa kudumisha mwangaza baada ya matumizi ya muda mrefu. |
| Mabadiliko ya Rangi (Color Shift) | Δu′v′ au Ellipse ya MacAdam | Kiwango cha mabadiliko ya rangi wakati wa matumizi. | Inaathiri usawa wa rangi katika eneo la taa. |
| Uzeefu wa joto (Thermal Aging) | Deterioration of material properties | Degradation of packaging materials due to prolonged high temperatures. | May lead to decreased brightness, color shift, or open-circuit failure. |
Nne. Ufungaji na Nyenzo
| Istilahi | Aina za Kawaida | Penjelasan Awam | Sifa na Matumizi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aina ya Ufungashaji | EMC, PPA, Ceramic | A housing material that protects the chip and provides optical and thermal interfaces. | EMC offers good heat resistance and low cost; ceramics provide superior heat dissipation and long lifespan. |
| Chip Architecture | Face-up, Flip Chip | Chip Electrode Layout. | Flip-chip offers better heat dissipation and higher luminous efficacy, suitable for high-power applications. |
| Phosphor coating | YAG, silicates, nitrides | Coated on the blue LED chip, partially converted to yellow/red light, mixed to form white light. | Different phosphors affect luminous efficacy, color temperature, and color rendering. |
| Lens/Usanifu wa Optics | Uso wa gorofa, microlens, kutafakari kwa jumla | Optical structure on the encapsulation surface, controlling light distribution. | Determines the emission angle and light distribution curve. |
V. Quality Control and Binning
| Istilahi | Yaliyomo ya Uainishaji | Penjelasan Awam | Kusudi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luminous flux binning | Codes such as 2G, 2H | Grouped by brightness level, each group has a minimum/maximum lumen value. | Ensure consistent brightness within the same batch of products. |
| Voltage binning | Codes such as 6W, 6X | Group by forward voltage range. | Facilitates driver power matching and improves system efficiency. |
| Kugawanya kwa makundi kulingana na rangi | 5-step MacAdam ellipse | Group by color coordinates to ensure colors fall within an extremely narrow range. | Ensure color consistency to avoid uneven color within the same luminaire. |
| Color temperature binning | 2700K, 3000K, n.k. | Pangilia kwa makundi kulingana na joto la rangi, kila kundi lina anuwai maalum ya kuratibu. | Inakidhi mahitaji ya joto la rangi katika mazingira tofauti. |
Sita, Uchunguzi na Uthibitishaji
| Istilahi | Kigezo/Uchunguzi | Penjelasan Awam | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Lumen Maintenance Test | Long-term operation under constant temperature conditions, recording luminance attenuation data. | Used for estimating LED lifetime (in conjunction with TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Lifetime projection standard | Kuhesabu maisha ya matumizi halisi kulingana na data ya LM-80. | Kutoa utabiri wa maisha wa kisayansi. |
| IESNA standard | Illuminating Engineering Society Standard | Covers optical, electrical, and thermal test methods. | Misingizo ya upimaji inayokubaliwa na tasnia. |
| RoHS / REACH | Uthibitisho wa mazingira | Hakikisha bidhaa hazina vitu hatari (kama risasi, zebaki). | Masharti ya kuingia kwenye soko la kimataifa. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Energy Efficiency Certification | Energy efficiency and performance certification for lighting products. | Inatumika kwa kawaida katika miradi ya ununuzi wa serikali na ruzuku, kuimarisha ushindani wa soko. |