Table of Contents
- 1. Product Overview
- 1.1 Core Features and Advantages
- 1.2 Matumizi Lengwa
- 2. Vipimo vya Kiufundi na Ufafanuzi wa Kina
- 2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
- 2.2 Photoelectric Characteristics (Ta=25°C)
- 3. Binning System Description
- 3.1 Kugawanya kwa Flux ya Mwanga
- 3.2 Kugawanya kwa Voltage ya Mbele
- 3.3 Dominant Wavelength Binning
- 4. Uchambuzi wa Mkunjo wa Utendaji
- 4.1 Usambazaji wa Wigo
- 4.2 Radiation Pattern
- 4.3 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)
- 4.4 Dominant Wavelength vs. Forward Current
- 4.5 Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current
- 4.6 Maximum Allowable Forward Current vs. Temperature
- 5. Mechanical and Package Information
- 5.1 Package Dimensions
- 5.2 Pin Arrangement and Polarity Identification
- 6. Mwongozo wa Uchomeaji na Usanikishaji
- 6.1 Vigezo vya Reflow Soldering
- 6.2 Manual Soldering
- 6.3 Storage Conditions
- 7. Ufungaji na Taarifa za Kuagiza
- 7.1 Reel and Carrier Tape Specifications
- 7.2 Label Description
- 8. Mazingatio ya Ubunifu wa Matumizi
- 8.1 Ubunifu wa Saketi ya Kuendesha
- Muundo wa PCB: Tumia PCB yenye eneo la kutosha la shaba (pedi za kupoza joto) na uiunganishe na pedi za kupoza joto za LED (ikiwepo) au pini, ili kuhamisha joto.
- 9. Ulinganisho wa Teknolojia na Tofauti
- 10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)
- 10.1 Can I drive all three colors using a single 5V power supply and one resistor?
- 10.2 What is the difference between luminous flux (lm) and luminous intensity (mcd)?
- 10.3 How to use this RGB LED to achieve white light?
- 10.4 Kwa nini joto la juu la kiungo ni 115°C tu?
- 11. Mifano ya Uundaji na Matumizi Halisi
- 11.1 Example: Status Indicator Light for Consumer Electronic Devices
- 11.2 Example: Backlight for Small Signage
- 12. Kanuni ya Uendeshaji
- 13. Technology Trends
1. Product Overview
Hii hati inaelezea kwa kina vipimo vya kiufundi vya LED ya utendaji wa juu ya rangi nzima ya SMT. Kifaa hiki kinachanganya chipi za semiconductor nyekundu, kijani, na bluu zilizojitegemea ndani ya kifurushi kimoja cha 5050, na kupitia kanuni ya mchanganyiko wa rangi wa kuongeza, kinaweza kutoa wigo mpana wa rangi. Malengo yake makuu ya muundo ni kufikia mwanga wa juu, pembe ya mtazamo pana, na kufaa kwa mchakato wa usanikishaji wa kiotomatiki.
1.1 Core Features and Advantages
- Chipi ya Mwangaza wa Juu:Utilizes advanced semiconductor materials (GaInAlP for red light, InGaN for green and blue light) to achieve exceptional light output.
- SMT Package:White plastic SMT package, designed to be compatible with standard infrared (IR) reflow soldering processes, facilitating high-volume, automated PCB assembly.
- Independent Chip Control:It adopts a 6-pin lead frame package, allowing independent access to the anode and cathode of each color (red, green, blue). This enables precise independent driving and control of each color channel, which is crucial for color calibration and series connection of multiple LEDs.
- Wide Viewing Angle:Encapsulation design achieves a typical viewing angle of 120 degrees (2θ1/2), ensuring good visibility from a wide range of viewing angles.
- Environmental Compliance:产品为无铅（Pb-free）设计，符合欧盟REACH法规，并满足无卤标准（Br < 900ppm, Cl < 900ppm, Br+Cl < 1500ppm）。产品本身符合RoHS指令。
- Kuaminika:Utayarishaji wa awali unategemea kiwango cha JEDEC J-STD-020D Level 3, unaonyesha uwezo wake wa kukabiliana na mkazo unaosababishwa na unyevu wakati wa kuchomelea.
1.2 Matumizi Lengwa
The combination of high brightness, full-color capability, and SMT form factor makes this LED suitable for a variety of applications requiring vibrant, controllable illumination.
- Entertainment and Gaming Devices:Inatumika kwa taa za mapambo, viashiria vya hali, na athari za taa zinazoshirikiana.
- Bodi ya Kuonyesha Habari:Inatumika kwa alama, bodi za habari na vionyeshi vingine vinavyohitaji viashiria vya rangi nyingi.
- Flash ya Kifaa cha Mkononi:Kwa ukubwa wake mdogo na uwezo wa rangi, inafaa kutumika kama flash ya kamera au taa ya nyongeza kwenye simu za mkononi na kamera za dijiti.
- Matumizi ya Mfereji wa Mwanga:Upana wake wa pana na sifa za chanzo cha mwanga cha nukta, hufanya iwe chaguo bora la kuunganishwa kwenye sahani ya kuongoza mwanga au bomba la kuongoza mwanga, kwa ajili ya paneli za mwanga wa upande au mifumo ya viashiria.
2. Vipimo vya Kiufundi na Ufafanuzi wa Kina
2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Hizo viwango hivi vinaelezea mipaka ambayo inaweza kusababisha uharibifu wa kudumu wa kifaa. Uendeshaji chini ya hali hizi hauhakikishwi.
- Mto wa sasa wa mbele (IF):Kila rangi (nyekundu, kijani, bluu) ni 150 mA. Hii ndiyo mkondo wa moja kwa moja unaopendekezwa kwa uendeshaji thabiti.
- Peak Forward Current (IFP):Each color is 200 mA, allowed only under pulse conditions (duty cycle 1/10, frequency 1 kHz). Even briefly exceeding the continuous rating may lead to chip performance degradation.
- Power Dissipation (Pd):Red light: 420 mW; green/blue light: 555 mW. This is the maximum heat the package can dissipate at an ambient temperature of 25°C. Proper PCB thermal design is crucial to ensure this limit is not exceeded during operation.
- Junction temperature (Tj):Maximum 115°C. The temperature of the semiconductor chip itself must not exceed this value.
- Operating and storage temperature:-40°C to +85°C (operating), -40°C to +100°C (storage).
- Soldering temperature:Reflow soldering: peak temperature 260°C, maximum 10 seconds. Hand soldering: 350°C, maximum 3 seconds. These temperature profiles are critical to prevent package cracking or internal bond wire damage.
2.2 Photoelectric Characteristics (Ta=25°C)
Hizi ni vigezo vya kawaida vya utendaji vilivyopimwa chini ya hali ya kawaida ya majaribio (joto la mazingira 25°C, kila rangi IF=150mA).
- Flux ya Mwanga (Iv):Mwanga unaoonekana wa jumla unaotolewa.
- Red light: Typical value 25 lumens (lm), range 13.9-39.8 lm.
- Green light: Typical value 40 lm, range 13.9-51.7 lm.
- Blue light: Typical value 8.5 lm, range 4.9-18.1 lm.
- Nguvu ya mwanga (Iv):Pato la mwanga katika mwelekeo maalum (candela). Thamani za kawaida ni 7550 mcd (nyekundu), 12100 mcd (kijani) na 2550 mcd (bluu).
- Pembe ya mtazamo (2θ1/2):Thamani ya kawaida ni digrii 120 (masafa digrii 110-130). Hii ni pembe kamili wakati nguvu ya mwanga ni angalau nusu ya kilele.
- Urefu wa wimbi kuu (λd):Rangi inayohisiwa ya mwanga.
- Mwanga mwekundu: Thamani ya kawaida 622 nm (617-629 nm).
- Mwanga wa kijani: Thamani ya kawaida 525 nm (518-530 nm).
- Mwanga wa bluu: Thamani ya kawaida 457 nm (455-470 nm).
- Voltage ya mwelekeo mzuri (VF):Voltage drop across the LED under test current.
- Red: Typical value 2.3V (1.8-2.8V).
- Green: Typical value 3.4V (2.7-3.7V).
- Bluu: Thamani ya kawaida 3.2V (2.7-3.7V).
- Mkondo wa kinyume (IR):) ukiwa na upeo wa 10 μA chini ya upendeleo wa kinyume wa 5V. LED haijundwa kufanya kazi kwa voltage ya kinyume.
3. Binning System Description
Ili kuhakikisha uthabiti katika uzalishaji wa wingi, LED zinachaguliwa (kuainishwa) kulingana na vigezo muhimu vya mwanga na umeme. Hii inawawezesha wabunifu kuchagua vipengee vinavyokidhi mahitaji maalum ya matumizi kwa usawa wa rangi na mwangaza.
3.1 Kugawanya kwa Flux ya Mwanga
LEDs are classified based on their light output measured at 150mA. The binning range for each color overlaps to cover the full min-max specification range.
- Red (R):Grading from R1 to R4, covering 13.9 lm to 39.8 lm.
- Green light (G):Grading from G1 to G5, covering 13.9 lm to 51.7 lm.
- Blue light (B):Viwango vya B1 hadi B5, vinashughulikia 4.9 lm hadi 18.1 lm.
Thamani ya mtiririko wa mwanga ndani ya kila kiwango inaruhusu upungufu wa ±11%.
3.2 Kugawanya kwa Voltage ya Mbele
LEDs are binned according to their forward voltage to assist in circuit design and power supply selection.
- Red Light:Single bin "1828", covering 1.8V to 2.8V.
- 绿光 & Blue light:Single bin "2737", covering 2.7V to 3.7V.
A tolerance of ±0.1V is allowed.
3.3 Dominant Wavelength Binning
Kwa matumizi yanayohitaji usahihi wa rangi, huu ndio mpangilio muhimu zaidi, unaohakikisha uthabiti wa tone la rangi.
- Red Light:Binning RA (617-621 nm), RB (621-625 nm), RC (625-629 nm).
- Green light:Binning GA to GD (518-530 nm, with approximately 3nm steps).
- Blue light:Binning BA to BE (455-470 nm, approximately in 3nm steps).
A tolerance of ±1nm is allowed for the dominant wavelength.
4. Uchambuzi wa Mkunjo wa Utendaji
4.1 Usambazaji wa Wigo
Mkunjo wa kawaida wa usambazaji wa wigo unaonyesha nguvu ya jamaa ya mwanga unaotolewa na kila chip katika urefu wa wigo tofauti. Chip ya mwanga nyekundu hutoa mwanga ndani ya bendi nyembamba yenye urefu wa wigo wa katikati wa takriban 622nm. Chip ya mwanga kijani hutoa mwanga kwenye takriban 525nm, na chip ya mwanga bluu hutoa mwanga kwenye takriban 457nm. Usafi wa vilele hivi vya wigo ni muhimu sana kwa kufikia rangi zilizojaa. Mkunjo huu unapaswa kulinganishwa na mkunjo wa kiwango cha majibu ya jicho la mwanadamu (V(λ)) ili kuelewa mwangaza unaohisiwa.
4.2 Radiation Pattern
The radiation pattern illustrates the spatial distribution of light intensity (relative intensity vs. angle). The curve confirms its broad, Lambertian-like emission pattern, with a typical viewing angle of 120 degrees, fairly uniform intensity in the central region, and attenuation towards the edges.
4.3 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)
The I-V curve of blue chips (and other chips) shows an exponential relationship between current and voltage. Below the turn-on voltage (approximately 2.7V for blue/green, 1.8V for red), almost no current flows. Beyond this threshold, current increases rapidly with a small increase in voltage. This characteristic necessitates the use of a constant current driver, not a constant voltage source, to prevent thermal runaway and ensure stable light output.
4.4 Dominant Wavelength vs. Forward Current
Miongozo huu wa chipi nyekundu, kijani na buluu unaonyesha jinsi rangi ya miongozo (wavelength kuu) inavyobadilika kulingana na mkondo wa kuendesha. Kwa kawaida, kadri mkondo unavyoongezeka, halijoto ya kiungo huongezeka, na kusababisha mabadiliko madogo ya wavelength (kwa LED za kijani/buluu zenye msingi wa InGaN, kwa kawaida huwa kuelekea wavelength ndefu zaidi). Athari hii ni muhimu sana kwa matumizi yanayohitaji udumifu sahihi wa rangi katika viwango tofauti vya mwangaza.
4.5 Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current
Miongozo huu inaelezea pato la mwanga (kuhusiana na thamani ya kumbukumbu) kama utendakazi wa mkondo wa kuendesha. Kwa kawaida huwa laini katika mikondo ya chini, lakini katika mikondo ya juu, kutokana na athari za joto na kupungua kwa ufanisi, kunaweza kutokea kujaa au kushuka. Miongozo huu inafunua usawazishaji kati ya mwangaza na ufanisi/joto.
4.6 Maximum Allowable Forward Current vs. Temperature
Mkunjo huu wa kupunguza mzigo ni muhimu sana kwa usimamizi wa joto. Unaonyesha uhusiano kati ya mkondo wa juu unaoruhusiwa wa mwendelezo wa mbele na joto la mazingira (au kifuniko). Kadiri joto linavyoongezeka, mkondo wa juu unaoruhusiwa hupungua kwa mstari. Kwa mfano, kwenye 85°C, mkondo unaoruhusiwa ni chini sana kuliko thamani ya kawaida ya 150mA kwenye 25°C. Wabunifu lazima watumie mchoro huu kuhakikisha kuwa LED haitakuwa imeendeshwa kupita kiasi katika mazingira ya kazi ya matumizi.
5. Mechanical and Package Information
5.1 Package Dimensions
The LED uses a standard 5050 SMT package. Key dimensions are as follows:
- Package Length: 5.0 mm
- Package Width: 5.0 mm
- Package Height (Typical): 1.6 mm
5.2 Pin Arrangement and Polarity Identification
This package has six pins arranged in two rows of three each. When viewed from the top, pins are typically numbered counterclockwise. The datasheet diagram clearly marks the anode and cathode pins for the red, green, and blue chips. Correct polarity identification is crucial to prevent reverse biasing of the LED during assembly. The bottom view usually includes a polarity mark (such as a notch or a dot) to aid in orientation on the PCB.
6. Mwongozo wa Uchomeaji na Usanikishaji
6.1 Vigezo vya Reflow Soldering
Mchakato uliokubaliwa wa joto wa kulehemu kwa njia ya mionzi ya infrared (IR) ni kigezo muhimu cha kiteknolojia.
- Kiwango cha juu cha joto:Kiwango cha juu cha 260°C.
- Muda wa kuwa juu ya mstari wa kioevu (TAL):The time the solder joint spends above its melting point should be controlled, typically recommending a dwell time of 10 seconds at peak temperature.
- Ramp-up/Ramp-down Rate:It is recommended to control the heating and cooling rates (e.g., 1-3°C/second) to minimize thermal shock to the plastic package and internal bond wires.
6.2 Manual Soldering
If hand soldering is required, extreme care must be taken:
- Limit the soldering iron tip temperature to a maximum of 350°C.
- Weka muda wa kugusa wa kila pini hadi kiwango cha juu cha sekunde 3.
- Tumia kifaa cha kupoza joto (kama vile koleo) kwenye pini kati ya sehemu ya kuunganishia na mwili wa kifurushi, ili kuzuia joto nyingi kuingia kwenye LED.
6.3 Storage Conditions
Vifaa vinapaswa kuhifadhiwa kwenye mfuko wao asilia wa kuzuia unyevunyevu, wenye dawa ya kukausha ndani, kwa halijoto kati ya -40°C hadi +100°C, katika mazingira yasiyo na umande. Mara tu mfuko uliofungwa kwa muhuri ufumbuliwe, muda ambao kifaa kitakavyokuwa wazi kwa unyevunyevu wa mazingira umepunguzwa na kiwango chake cha MSL (Level 3).
7. Ufungaji na Taarifa za Kuagiza
7.1 Reel and Carrier Tape Specifications
LEDs are supplied in embossed carrier tape reels, suitable for automated placement machines.
- Carrier tape dimensions:Pocket dimensions (Dimension A): 5.70±0.10 mm, (Dimension B): 5.38±0.10 mm, depth (Dimension C): 1.60±0.10 mm.
- Reel dimensions:Standard 13-inch (330mm) reel dimensions are provided.
- Idadi kwa kila sahani:Ufungashaji wa kawaida ni chembe 1000 kwa kila sahani. Kiasi cha chini cha kuagiza kinaweza kuwa chembe 250 au 500 kwa kila sahani.
7.2 Label Description
Reel label contains code specifying LED binning on the reel:
- CAT:Luminous intensity class (based on luminous flux binning).
- HUE:Primary Wavelength Grade (Wavelength Binning Code).
- REF:Forward Voltage Grade (Voltage Binning Code).
- LOT No:Nambari ya kundi inayoweza kufuatiliwa.
- P/N:Nambari kamili ya bidhaa.
- QTY:Idadi kwenye reeli.
8. Mazingatio ya Ubunifu wa Matumizi
8.1 Ubunifu wa Saketi ya Kuendesha
Due to the different forward voltages of red light (∼2.3V) and green/blue light (∼3.4V) chips, a simple series connection using a single current-limiting resistor is not optimal if uniform current is desired. The recommended approach is to use independent current-limiting resistors for each color channel, or better yet, to use a dedicated multi-channel constant-current LED driver IC. This ensures that regardless of power supply voltage variations or VFRegardless of binning differences, consistent brightness and color can be maintained. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is the preferred method for dimming and color mixing, as it allows for changing the duty cycle while maintaining a constant current (and thus a stable color point).
8.2 Thermal Management
The power consumption of each LED can be up to 0.555W (green/blue at 150mA). When multiple LEDs are used on a single board, the total heat generation can be significant. Proper thermal design is crucial:
- PCB Layout:Tumia PCB yenye eneo la kutosha la shaba (pedi ya kupoza joto) na uiunganishe na pedi ya kupoza joto ya LED (ikiwepo) au pini, ili kuhamisha joto.
- Vipenyo vya kupoza joto:Weka kikundi cha vipenyo vya kupoza joto chini ya pedi ya LED, ili kuhamisha joto kwa safu ya ardhini ya ndani au upande wa nyuma wa bodi.
- Kupunguza rating:Always refer to the derating curve for maximum current versus temperature. In applications with high ambient temperatures, the drive current should be reduced accordingly to ensure the junction temperature remains below 115°C.
8.3 Optical Design
The 120-degree wide viewing angle is beneficial for general lighting, but for applications requiring a focused beam, secondary optics (lenses, reflectors) may be necessary. For light guide tube applications, its small light-emitting area and wide viewing angle facilitate efficient coupling. When designing color mixing, the spatial overlap of the red, green, and blue emission patterns must be considered to achieve uniform mixed color at the target location.
9. Ulinganisho wa Teknolojia na Tofauti
Compared to earlier RGB LED packages or discrete monochromatic LEDs, this device offers several key advantages:
- Integration Level:Vipande vitatu vimeunganishwa katika kifurushi kimoja cha SMT, ikihifadhi nafasi ya PCB na kurahisisha usanikishaji ikilinganishwa na kutumia LED tatu tofauti.
- Udhibiti wa Kujitegemea:Muundo wa pini 6 hutoa ufikiaji wa kweli wa anode/cathode kujitegemea kwa kila rangi, ukitoa umbali mkubwa zaidi ikilinganishwa na LED ya RGB yenye pini 4 ya anode ya pamoja au cathode ya pamoja. Hii inaruhusu utekelezaji wa miradi changamano zaidi ya kuendesha, kama vile muunganisho wa mfululizo kwa ajili ya uendeshaji wa voltage ya juu.
- Utendaji:Inatumia chipi za "mwangaza wa juu sana", zinaonyesha ufanisi na pato la mwanga bora zaidi kuliko bidhaa za kawaida kwa ukubwa sawa wa ufungaji.
- Uzingatiaji:Kufuata kikamilifu kanuni za kisasa za mazingira (RoHS, REACH, halojeni-bure) ni mahitaji ya msingi, lakini hapa inathibitishwa wazi.
10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)
10.1 Can I drive all three colors using a single 5V power supply and one resistor?
Not optimal. The forward voltage of green and blue LEDs (∼3.4V) leaves only ∼1.6V for the current-limiting resistor under a 5V supply, which allows for stable current control. However, the red LED (∼2.3V) will have ∼2.7V dropped across its resistor. Using the same resistor value for all three colors will result in vastly different currents and brightness levels due to the different VFvalues. Independent resistors or constant current drivers are required.
10.2 What is the difference between luminous flux (lm) and luminous intensity (mcd)?
Luminous flux (lumens) measures the total amount of visible light emitted by a light source in all directions. Luminous intensity (candelas) measures how bright a light source appears in a specific direction. For wide-viewing-angle LEDs like this one, the intensity value is typically the peak measured on-axis. Total luminous flux better reflects the overall light output for illumination, while luminous intensity is relevant for indicator lights viewed from a specific angle.
10.3 How to use this RGB LED to achieve white light?
White light is produced by mixing red, green, and blue light at appropriate intensities. The exact ratio depends on the specific chromaticity target (e.g., cool white, warm white) and the spectral characteristics of the individual LEDs. Due to variations in chip efficiency and binning, achieving a consistent, high-quality white point typically requires individual calibration within the system or the use of a color sensor for feedback. This is more complex than using a dedicated white LED phosphor.
10.4 Kwa nini joto la juu la kiungo ni 115°C tu?
The junction temperature limit is determined by the materials used in the LED chip, bond wires, and package. Overheating accelerates performance degradation mechanisms, reduces light output (lumen depreciation), and may lead to catastrophic failure. Operating at the maximum Tjor near the maximum T
will significantly shorten the device's service life. Good thermal design aims to keep the junction temperature as low as possible during operation.
11. Mifano ya Uundaji na Matumizi Halisi
11.1 Example: Status Indicator Light for Consumer Electronic Devices
Katika vifaa vya nyumba za kisasa, LED ya 5050 RGB inaweza kutoa misimbo mbalimbali ya hali: nyekundu inaashiria hitilafu, kijani inaashiria tayari, bluu inaashiria kuunganishwa kwa Bluetooth, manjano (nyekundu+kijani) inaashiria kusubiri, n.k. Pembe pana ya mtazamo inahakikisha inaonekana kutoka upande wowote. Mdhibiti mdogo rahisi wenye pini tatu za GPIO zenye uwezo wa PWM na vipinga vitatu vya kudhibiti mkondo (kwa mfano, tumia 15-20Ω wakati wa kuendesha takriban 20mA kutoka kwa chanzo cha 3.3V au 5V) unaweza kuendesha LED hiyo. Mkondo mdogo unaongeza maisha na kupunguza joto.
11.2 Example: Backlight for Small Signage
Kwa mwanga wa ukingo wa alama za akriliki, LED kadhaa kama hizi zinaweza kuwekwa kando ya ukingo. Mtazamo wao mpana husaidia kuunganisha mwanga ndani ya akriliki. Kwa kuzipanga katika mfululizo wa mfululizo (kwa mfano, nyekundu zote mfululizo, kijani zote mfululizo, bluu zote mfululizo), kinaendesha vya voltage ya juu zaidi, ya sasa ya chini vinaweza kutumika, na hivyo kuongeza ufanisi. Udhibiti huru huruhusu upangaji wa nguvu wa rangi ya alama. Usimamizi wa joto unahusisha kuhakikisha kuwa akriliki au msingi wa usakinishaji unaweza kutawanya joto kutoka kwa safu nzima ya LED.
12. Kanuni ya Uendeshaji
Kifaa hiki kinatumia kanuni ya umeme-utangazaji katika nyenzo za semikondukta. Unapotumia voltage chanya kwenye mpaka wa p-n inayozidi nishati ya pengo la bendi ya chip, elektroni na mashimo hujumlishwa na kutolea nishati kwa njia ya fotoni (mwanga). Rangi (urefu wa wimbi) ya mwanga unaotolewa imedhamiriwa na nishati ya pengo la bendi ya nyenzo za semikondukta: mwanga mwekundu (∼622 nm) hutumia nyenzo za GaInAlP, mwanga kijani (∼525 nm) na mwanga wa bluu (∼457 nm) hutumia nyenzo za InGaN. Chipi tatu za semikondukta, zilizotengenezwa kwa nyenzo hizi tofauti, zimewekwa ndani ya kikombe cha kutafakari na kufungwa kwenye resini ya uwazi au iliyotawanyika, na kuunda kifurushi kamili cha LED.
13. Technology Trends
Maelezo ya Istilahi za Vipimo vya LED
Ufafanuzi Kamili wa Istilahi za Teknolojia ya LED
I. Viashiria Muhimu vya Utendaji wa Kielektroniki na Mwanga
| Terminology | Unit/Representation | Layman's Explanation | Kwa Nini Ni Muhimu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ufanisi wa Mwanga (Luminous Efficacy) | lm/W (lumens per watt) | The luminous flux emitted per watt of electrical power; the higher the value, the more energy-efficient. | It directly determines the energy efficiency rating of the luminaire and the electricity cost. |
| Mfereji wa Mwanga (Luminous Flux) | lm (lumeni) | Jumla ya mwanga unaotolewa na chanzo cha mwanga, unaojulikana kwa kawaida kama "mwangaza". | Huamua kama taa inatosha kuwa na mwangaza. |
| Pembe ya kuona mwanga (Viewing Angle) | ° (digrii), kama 120° | Pembe ambayo nguvu ya mwanga hupungua hadi nusu, inayoamua upana wa boriti ya mwanga. | Inayoathiri eneo la mwanga na usawa wake. |
| Joto la rangi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), kama 2700K/6500K | Joto la rangi ya mwanga, thamani ya chini inaelekea manjano/joto, thamani ya juu inaelekea nyeupe/baridi. | Huamua mazingira ya taa na matumizi yanayofaa. |
| Color Rendering Index (CRI / Ra) | Unitless, 0–100 | The ability of a light source to reproduce the true colors of objects, with Ra≥80 being preferable. | Inaathiri ukweli wa rangi, hutumika katika maeneo yenye mahitaji makubwa kama maduka makubwa, majumba ya sanaa. |
| Tofauti ya uvumilivu wa rangi (SDCM) | MacAdam ellipse steps, such as "5-step" | A quantitative indicator of color consistency; the smaller the step number, the better the color consistency. | Ensure no color difference among luminaires from the same batch. |
| Mdomo Mkuu (Dominant Wavelength) | nm (nanomita), k.m. 620nm (nyekundu) | Wavelength values corresponding to the colors of colored LEDs. | Determines the hue of monochromatic LEDs such as red, yellow, and green. |
| Spectral Distribution | Mkunjo wa Muda wa Mwamba dhidi ya Nguvu | Inaonyesha usambazaji wa nguvu za mwanga unaotolewa na LED katika kila muda wa mwamba. | Inapotosha uhalisia wa rangi na ubora wa rangi. |
II. Vigezo vya Umeme
| Terminology | Ishara | Layman's Explanation | Mazingatio ya Ubunifu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forward Voltage (Forward Voltage) | Vf | The minimum voltage required to light up an LED, similar to a "starting threshold". | The driving power supply voltage must be ≥ Vf; voltages add up when multiple LEDs are connected in series. |
| Mfuko wa Umeme wa Mbele (Forward Current) | If | The current value required for the LED to emit light normally. | Constant current drive is commonly used, as the current determines both brightness and lifespan. |
| Maximum Pulse Current | Ifp | Kilele cha mkondo kinachoweza kustahimili kwa muda mfupi, kinachotumika kwa kudimisha au kumulika. | Upanaaji wa upana wa msukumo na uwiano wa kazi unahitaji udhibiti mkali, vinginevyo utaharibika kwa joto kupita kiasi. |
| Reverse Voltage | Vr | Upeo wa voltage ya nyuma ambayo LED inaweza kustahimili, inapozidi hii thamani inaweza kuharibika. | Katika mzunguko, ni muhimu kuzuia uunganishaji kinyume au mshtuko wa voltage. |
| Upinzani wa Joto (Thermal Resistance) | Rth (°C/W) | Upinzani wa joto unaposogea kutoka kwenye chip hadi kwenye sehemu ya kuunganishia, thamani ya chini inaonyesha usambazaji bora wa joto. | Upinzani wa juu wa joto unahitaji muundo wenye nguvu zaidi wa kupoza joto, vinginevyo joto la kiungo litaongezeka. |
| ESD Immunity | V (HBM), kama 1000V | Uwezo wa kupiga umeme wa tuli, thamani ya juu inamaanisha uwezo mdogo wa kuharibika na umeme wa tuli. | Hatua za kinga dhidi ya umeme wa tuli zinahitajika katika uzalishaji, hasa kwa LED zenye usikivu mkubwa. |
III. Thermal Management and Reliability
| Terminology | Key Indicators | Layman's Explanation | Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Junction Temperature | Tj (°C) | The actual operating temperature inside the LED chip. | For every 10°C reduction, the lifespan may double; excessively high temperatures cause lumen depreciation and color shift. |
| Kupungua kwa Mwangaza (Lumen Depreciation) | L70 / L80 (saa) | Muda unaohitajika kwa mwangaza kushuka hadi 70% au 80% ya thamani ya awali. | Kufafanua moja kwa moja "maisha ya huduma" ya LED. |
| Lumen Maintenance | % (e.g., 70%) | The percentage of remaining brightness after a period of use. | Characterizes the ability to maintain brightness after long-term use. |
| Mabadiliko ya rangi (Color Shift) | Δu′v′ au MacAdam Ellipse | Kiwango cha mabadiliko ya rangi wakati wa matumizi. | Inaathiri uthabiti wa rangi katika eneo la taa. |
| Thermal Aging | Kupungua kwa utendaji wa nyenzo | Uharibifu wa nyenzo za ufungaji unaosababishwa na joto la juu kwa muda mrefu. | Inaweza kusababisha kupungua kwa mwangaza, mabadiliko ya rangi au kushindwa kwa mzunguko wazi. |
Nne. Ufungaji na Nyenzo
| Terminology | Aina za Kawaida | Layman's Explanation | Sifa na Matumizi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aina ya Ufungaji | EMC, PPA, Ceramic | A housing material that protects the chip and provides optical and thermal interfaces. | EMC offers good heat resistance and low cost; ceramic provides superior heat dissipation and long lifespan. |
| Muundo wa Chip | Usanidi wa Kawaida, Usanidi wa Kugeuzwa (Flip Chip) | Chip electrode arrangement method. | Flip-chip offers better heat dissipation and higher luminous efficacy, suitable for high-power applications. |
| Phosphor coating. | YAG, silicate, nitride | Coated on the blue LED chip, partially converted to yellow/red light, mixed to form white light. | Different phosphors affect luminous efficacy, color temperature, and color rendering. |
| Lens/Optical Design | Planar, microlens, total internal reflection | The optical structure on the packaging surface controls the light distribution. | Determines the emission angle and light distribution curve. |
V. Udhibiti wa Ubora na Uainishaji
| Terminology | Yaliyomo ya Uainishaji | Layman's Explanation | Kusudi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kikomo cha Flux ya Mwanga | Msimbo kama 2G, 2H | Group by brightness level, each group has a minimum/maximum lumen value. | Ensure consistent brightness for products in the same batch. |
| Voltage binning | Codes such as 6W, 6X | Grouped by forward voltage range. | Inafaa kwa usawazishaji wa chanzo cha umeme cha kuendesha, kuboresha ufanisi wa mfumo. |
| Kugawanya kwa makundi kulingana na rangi | 5-step MacAdam ellipse | Group by color coordinates to ensure colors fall within a minimal range. | Ensure color consistency to avoid uneven colors within the same luminaire. |
| Color Temperature Grading | 2700K, 3000K, etc. | Group by color temperature, each group has a corresponding coordinate range. | Kukidhi mahitaji ya joto la rangi katika hali tofauti. |
6. Uchunguzi na Uthibitisho
| Terminology | Standard/Test | Layman's Explanation | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Lumen Maintenance Test | Long-term operation under constant temperature conditions, recording luminance attenuation data. | For estimating LED lifetime (in conjunction with TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Lifetime extrapolation standard | Projecting lifespan under actual use conditions based on LM-80 data. | Providing scientific life prediction. |
| IESNA Standard | Illuminating Engineering Society Standard | Covers optical, electrical, and thermal testing methods. | Msingi wa upimaji unaokubalika na tasnia. |
| RoHS / REACH | Uthibitisho wa Mazingira | Hakikisha bidhaa hazina vitu hatari (kama risasi, zebaki). | Masharti ya kuingia kwenye soko la kimataifa. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Uthibitisho wa ufanisi wa nishati | Uthibitishaji wa ufanisi wa nishati na utendaji kazi wa bidhaa za taa. | Inatumika kwa kawaida katika ununuzi wa serikali na miradi ya ruzuku, kuimarisha ushindani wa soko. |