Table of Contents
- 1. Product Overview
- 2. In-depth and Objective Interpretation of Technical Parameters
- 2.1 Viwango vya juu kabisa
- 2.2 Tabia za kielektroniki na nuru
- 2.3 Thermal and Reliability Characteristics
- 3. Mfumo wa Uainishaji Maelezo
- 3.1 Uainishaji wa Voltage Chanya
- 3.2 Luminous Flux Binning
- 3.3 Chromaticity (Color) Binning
- 4. Performance Curve Analysis
- 4.1 Forward Voltage vs. Forward Current (V-I Curve)
- 4.2 Relative Luminous Flux vs. Forward Current
- 4.3 Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) vs. Forward Current
- 4.4 Spectral Distribution and Radiation Pattern
- 5. Mechanical and Packaging Information
- 6. Mwongozo wa Uchomeaji na Usanikishaji
- 7. Taarifa za Ufungaji na Maagizo
- 8. Application Recommendations
- 8.1 Typical Application Scenarios
- 8.2 Design Considerations
- 9. Ulinganisho wa Teknolojia na Tofauti
- 10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)
- 11. Mfano wa Matumizi Halisi
- 12. Utangulizi wa Kanuni ya Kazi
- 13. Technology Trends
1. Product Overview
This document provides the complete technical specifications for the ELCH07-NB2025J5J7283910-F3H high-performance surface-mount LED. The device utilizes InGaN chip technology to produce warm white light with a correlated color temperature (CCT) range of 2000K to 2500K. Its primary design objective is to achieve high luminous efficacy within a compact package, making it suitable for applications requiring bright, high-quality illumination in space-constrained environments.
The core advantages of this LED include: a typical luminous flux of 210 lumens at a forward current of 1000mA, achieving an optical efficiency of up to 61.7 lumens per watt. It integrates robust ESD protection up to 8KV (Human Body Model) and complies with key industry standards such as RoHS, REACH, and halogen-free. The target markets are diverse, encompassing consumer electronics, automotive lighting, general lighting, and specialty lighting applications where reliability and performance are critical.
2. In-depth and Objective Interpretation of Technical Parameters
2.1 Viwango vya juu kabisa
Viwango vya juu kabisa vinaeleza mipaka ya mkazo inayoweza kusababisha uharibifu wa kudumu wa kifaa. Hivi sio hali zinazopendekezwa za uendeshaji.
- Mkondo wa moja kwa moja wa mbele (hali ya mwanga unaoendelea): 350 mA. Hii ndiyo mkondo wa juu wa moja kwa moja unaoendelea ambao LED inaweza kustahimili.
- Peak Pulse Current: 1200 mA. This high current is only permitted under specific pulse conditions: pulse width 400 ms, off time 3600 ms, up to 30,000 cycles. This is typically used for camera flash applications.
- Junction Temperature (Tj)145 °C. Joto la juu kabisa linaloruhusiwa kwa kiungo cha semiconductor. Kuzidi kikomo hiki kunaharakisha uharibifu wa utendaji au kusababisha hatari ya kushindwa.
- Joto la kufanya kazi na la kuhifadhi-40°C hadi +85°C (kufanya kazi), -40°C hadi +100°C (kuhifadhi).
- Matumizi ya nguvu (hali ya msukumo): 4.74 W. The maximum power that the package can dissipate during pulse operation, which largely depends on thermal management.
- Viewing Angle (2θ1/2): 120 degrees. Hii pembe pana inaonyesha kuwa ina mfumo wa utoaji wa mwanga unaokaribia Lambertian, unaofaa kwa taa za eneo.
Ujumbe Muhimu: Haipendekezwi kabisa kufanya kazi kwa muda mrefu kwa au karibu na viwango hivi vya juu zaidi, kwani hii itasababisha kupungua kwa uaminifu na uharibifu wa kudumu. Haikubalii kutumia viwango vya juu zaidi kadhaa kwa wakati mmoja.
2.2 Tabia za kielektroniki na nuru
Vigezo hivi vilipimwa chini ya hali za kawaida za majaribio (Ts=25°C), na vinawakilisha utendaji wa kawaida wa kifaa.
- Flux ya Mwanga (Iv): Katika IFAt =1000mA, minimum 180 lm, typical 210 lm. Measurement tolerance is ±10%.
- Forward Voltage (VF): Katika IFAt =1000mA, the range is 2.85V to 3.95V. The typical value is approximately 3.2V. Measurement tolerance is ±0.1V. All electrical and optical data are tested using a 50 ms pulse to minimize self-heating effects.
- Correlated Color Temperature (CCT): 2000K hadi 2500K, inafafanua muonekano wake wa mwanga mwenye joto.
Utendaji unahakikishiwa kupitia mtihani wa kuegemea wa saa 1000, kiwango ni kupungua kwa mtiririko wa mwanga chini ya 30%. Majaribio yote ya kuegemea yanadhania utumiaji wa bodi ya mzunguko iliyochapishwa yenye msingi wa chuma (MCPCB) ya 1.0 cm x 1.0 cm kwa usimamizi mzuri wa joto.
2.3 Thermal and Reliability Characteristics
Ufanisi wa usimamizi wa joto ni muhimu kwa utendaji na maisha ya LED. Vigezo muhimu vya joto ni pamoja na:
- Joto la kiungo (Tj max): 145°C.
- Substrate temperature (Ts): Katika IF=1000mA, must be maintained at 70°C or below during operation. This parameter is crucial for the system's thermal design.
- Soldering temperature: can withstand a peak temperature of 260°C during reflow soldering.
- Idadi inayoruhusiwa ya kujirudia: Kwa upeo mara 2.
- Kiwango cha Unyeti wa Unyevu (MSL)Level 1. This is the most robust level, indicating indefinite storage without baking under conditions of ≤30°C/85% RH. This simplifies handling and storage.
3. Mfumo wa Uainishaji Maelezo
To ensure color and brightness consistency in production, LEDs are sorted into different bins. This device employs a three-dimensional binning system.
3.1 Uainishaji wa Voltage Chanya
LEDs are categorized into three bins based on their forward voltage at 1000mA.
- Bin 2832:VF= 2.85V to 3.25V
- Gear 3235:VF= 3.25V to 3.55V
- Gear 3539:VF= 3.55V to 3.95V
This allows designers to select LEDs with similar electrical characteristics to ensure consistent driver performance.
3.2 Luminous Flux Binning
LED zinagawanywa kulingana na pato la jumla la mwanga kwenye 1000mA:
- Gear J5:Iv= 180 lm to 200 lm
- Gear J6:Iv= 200 lm to 250 lm
- Gear J7:Iv= 250 lm to 300 lm
"J5" katika mfano inaashiria kwamba kifaa hiki maalum kiko katika kiwango cha mwangaza cha J5.
3.3 Chromaticity (Color) Binning
Rangi hufafanuliwa ndani ya eneo la mwanga wa joto kwenye chati ya chromaticity ya CIE 1931. Kiwango cha "2025" katika mfano kinalingana na eneo maalum la pembe nne kwenye chati hiyo, kuhakikisha kwamba LED zote ndani ya kiwango hicho zina viwianishi vya rangi (x, y) vinavyofanana sana, na hivyo kuonyesha muonekano thabiti wa mwanga wa joto kati ya 2000K na 2500K. Kipimo cha viwianishi vya rangi kinaruhusu uvumilivu wa ±0.01.
4. Performance Curve Analysis
4.1 Forward Voltage vs. Forward Current (V-I Curve)
V-I curve inaonyesha uhusiano usio wa mstari. Voltage chanya huongezeka kwa kuongezeka kwa mkondo, kuanzia takriban 2.6V chini ya mkondo mdogo sana, na kupanda hadi takriban 3.6V kwenye 1200mA. Mkunjo huu ni muhimu sana kwa kubuni saketi za kudhibiti mkondo au madereva ya mkondo wa kudumu.
4.2 Relative Luminous Flux vs. Forward Current
Pato la mwanga huongezeka kwa kiwango cha chini ya mstari kwa kuongezeka kwa mkondo. Ingawa pato linaongezeka kwa kiasi kikubwa kutoka 0mA hadi 1000mA, kwenye mikondo ya juu zaidi, kiwango cha ongezeko kinaweza kupungua kwa sababu ya ufanisi unaopungua (jambo la kawaida katika LED, ambapo ufanisi wa ndani hupungua chini ya msongamano wa mkondo wa juu). Hii inasisitiza umuhimu wa kufanya kazi kwenye mikondo iliyopendekezwa ili kupata ufanisi bora wa mwanga.
4.3 Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) vs. Forward Current
CCT hubaki imara kiasi katika anuwai yote ya mkondo wa uendeshaji, ikibadilika kidogo tu kati ya takriban 1900K hadi 2400K. Uimara huu ni muhimu kwa matumizi yanayohitaji joto la rangi thabiti, licha ya uwepo wa udimuzi au mabadiliko ya mkondo wa kuendesha.
4.4 Spectral Distribution and Radiation Pattern
The relative spectral distribution plot shows the broad emission spectrum characteristic of phosphor-converted white LEDs, with a peak wavelength (λp) in the blue region (from the InGaN chip) and a broad yellow/red emission from the phosphor. The typical radiation pattern is Lambertian (cosine law), confirmed by the polar plot, which shows a smooth, wide beam with a 120-degree viewing angle. The intensity on the X-axis and Y-axis is nearly identical.
5. Mechanical and Packaging Information
The LED is packaged as a Surface Mount Device (SMD). The package drawing (not reproduced here but referenced on page 8 of the datasheet) provides key dimensions, including length, width, height, and pad layout. Unless otherwise specified, the tolerance is typically ±0.1 mm. The drawing includes key features such as the optical lens shape, cathode marking, and the recommended pad layout for PCB design, which are crucial for ensuring proper soldering, thermal conduction, and optical alignment.
6. Mwongozo wa Uchomeaji na Usanikishaji
- Reflow solderingThis device can withstand a peak soldering temperature of 260°C. It is rated to withstand a maximum of 2 reflow soldering cycles.
- Thermal managementAs specified, the substrate temperature must not exceed 70°C at 1000mA. This requires the use of a suitable PCB (e.g., MCPCB or a design with sufficient thermal vias), and depending on the application's duty cycle and ambient conditions, additional heat dissipation measures may be necessary.
- StorageAs an MSL Level 1 device, no special dry storage is required under normal factory conditions (≤30°C/85% RH).
- Handling: Kwa kuwa imeunganishwa kinga ya ESD (iliyopimwa hadi 8KV, lakini bado inaweza kuharibiwa na matukio yenye nguvu zaidi), tahadhari za kawaida za ESD zinapaswa kuzingatiwa.
7. Taarifa za Ufungaji na Maagizo
LED hutoa kwa umbo la reeli yenye mkanda wa kubeba wenye uso ulioinuka kwa ajili ya usanikishaji wa kiotomatiki wa SMT. Kila reeli ina vipande 2000, na kiwango cha chini cha kuagiza ni vipande 1000. Vipimo vya mkanda wa kubeba vimebainishwa katika maelezo ya vipimo, na ni pamoja na kiashiria cha polarity ili kuhakikisha mwelekeo sahihi wakati wa usanikishaji. Lebo ya bidhaa kwenye reeli inajumuisha nambari ya sehemu ya mteja (CPN), nambari ya sehemu ya mtengenezaji (P/N), nambari ya kundi, idadi, na msimbo wa kugawanya katika vikundi vitatu: CAT (kikomo cha mwanga), HUE (kikomo cha rangi) na REF (kikomo cha voltage ya mbele), pamoja na kiwango cha MSL.
8. Application Recommendations
8.1 Typical Application Scenarios
- Flash ya kamera ya simu: Uwezo wa mkondo wa msukumo wa juu (1200mA) na mwangaza mkubwa wa nuru hufanya iwe bora kutumika kama taa ya flash au tochi katika vifaa vya rununu.
- Taa ya jumlaInterior lighting, decorative lighting, step lights, exit signs, and other architectural or accent lighting.
- BacklightSuitable for TFT display backlight units requiring warm white light.
- Automotive lighting: Inajumuisha matumizi ya ndani (taa za mazingira, taa za dashibodi) na nje (zinategemea mahitaji maalum ya uthibitisho wa gari).
8.2 Design Considerations
- Ubunifu wa Kiendeshi: Tumia kiendeshi cha mkondo wa kudumu kilichobuniwa kulingana na viwango vya voltage vyenye mwelekeo mzuri na mkondo unaohitajika wa uendeshaji (mfano, uendeshaji endelevu wa 350mA, mwanga wa msukumo wa juu hadi 1200mA).
- Ubunifu wa Joto: Hili ndilo jambo muhimu zaidi. Kokotoa upinzani wa joto unaohitajika kutoka kwa kiungo cha LED hadi mazingira ili kudumisha TjAnd TsWithin the specified limits. For high-current applications, the use of MCPCB or Insulated Metal Substrate (IMS) is strongly recommended.
- Optical Design: A 120-degree Lambertian pattern is suitable for broad, uniform illumination. For focused beams, secondary optics (lenses, reflectors) are required.
9. Ulinganisho wa Teknolojia na Tofauti
Ingawa maelezo haya ya kiufundi hayatoi ulinganishaji wa moja kwa moja na aina nyingine, sifa kuu za kipekee za LED hii zinaweza kudhaniwa:
- Ufanisi wa juu wa mwanga chini ya mwanga wa joto: Kufikia 61.7 lm/W katika safu ya CCT ya mwanga wa joto (2000-2500K) ni kiwango cha utendaji cha kuvutia, kwani ufanisi chini ya joto la rangi ya joto kwa kawaida hupungua ikilinganishwa na mwanga wa baridi.
- Uwezo thabiti wa usindikaji wa msukumo: Ukadiriaji wa msukumo wa 1200mA chini ya masharti maalum umekusudiwa hasa kwa matumizi ya flash ya kamera, ambayo ni mahitaji maalum.
- Integrated Advanced ESD Protection: 8KV HBM protection exceeds typical industry levels, providing greater robustness during handling and end-use.
- Comprehensive ComplianceInakidhi na viwango vya RoHS, REACH na halogen-free, jambo muhimu sana kwa vifaa vya kisasa vya elektroniki, hasa katika soko la watumiaji na la magari.
10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)
Swali: Je, naweza kuendesha LED hii kwa 1000mA kwa mfululizo?
A: The absolute maximum rating for DC forward current is 350mA. The 1000mA value is a test condition used for specifying luminous flux, typically associated with pulsed operation (e.g., flashing). For continuous operation, you must not exceed 350mA and must ensure the substrate temperature (Ts) is maintained at 70°C or below through effective thermal management.
Q: What does "2025" in the model number mean?
A: It refers to the chromaticity (color) bin. LEDs in this bin will have chromaticity coordinates within a defined region on the CIE diagram, producing a warm white light with a correlated color temperature between 2000K and 2500K.
Swali: Ninaweza kuunganisha LED ngapi kwenye chanzo cha 12V kwa mfululizo?
Jibu: V ya kawaidaFni takriban 3.2V, kwa nadharia unaweza kuunganisha LED 3 (3 * 3.2V = 9.6V), ukiacha nafasi kwa kirekebishi cha mkondo. Hata hivyo, lazima uzingatie V ya juu na ya chini kwenye kiwangoF(2.85V hadi 3.95V), na kubuni kiredeshaji kushughulikia anuwai hii kwa vifaa vyote kwenye mnyororo wa mfululizo.
Swali: Je, inahitaji radiator?
Jibu: Kwa operesheni yoyote ya juu kuliko ya sasa ya chini, ndio. Uainishaji unasisitiza wazi kuwa kwa 1000mA, joto la msingi la bodi lazima liwe ≤ 70°C, na data zote za kuegemea zinatokana na utumiaji wa MCPCB ya 1cm². Kwa uendeshaji endelevu chini ya sasa ya chini, uchambuzi wa joto bado unahitajika ili kuhakikisha Tj <145°C。
11. Mfano wa Matumizi Halisi
Mfano wa Ubunifu: Taa ya Kufanyia Kazi ya Kubebeka
Mbunifu anabuni taa ya kufanyia kazi yenye pato la juu na inayotumia betri. Wanachagua LED hii kwa sababu ya pato lake la juu la lumens na mwanga mweupe wenye joto, ambao ni raha zaidi kwa macho. Wanapanga kutumia betri ya ioni ya lithiamu ya 3.7V. Ili kuendesha LED, wanachagua kiendeshi cha kuboresha mkondo wa mara kwa mara, kimewekwa kwa 300mA (chini ya kiwango cha juu cha DC cha 350mA), ili kuhakikisha ufanisi na maisha mazuri. Wanabuni PCB ya msingi wa alumini iliyobana, ambayo hutumika kama chombo cha sakiti na pia kama kifaa cha kupoza joto, kuhakikisha pedi ya joto ya LED imesakinishwa kwa usahihi kwenye shaba ya eneo kubwa, na kushikamana kupitia mashimo ya kupoza joto. Pembe ya boriti ya 120 digrii hutoa mipangilio mizuri ya eneo bila vifaa vya ziada vya macho. Ukadiriaji wa Kiwango cha MSL 1 hurahisisha mchakato wa usanikishaji katika kiwanda chao cha utengenezaji.
12. Utangulizi wa Kanuni ya Kazi
Hii ni LED nyeupe ya mabadiliko ya fosforesheni. Kiini chake ni chipu ya semikondukta iliyotengenezwa kwa indiamu-galliamu nitraidi (InGaN). Wakati voltage chanya inatumika, elektroni na mashimo hujumuika ndani ya chipu, ikitoa fotoni hasa katika eneo la bluu la wigo. Kisha, mwanga huu wa bluu unang'aa kwenye mipako ya fosforesheni (kawaida YAG:Ce au kitu kama hicho) iliyowekwa kwenye chipu au karibu nayo. Fosforesheni hufyonza sehemu ya mwanga wa bluu na kuutoa tena kama mwanga wa manjano na nyekundu. Mwanga wa bluu uliobaki unachanganywa na mwanga wa manjano/nyekundu wenye wigo mpana kutoka kwa fosforesheni na kutambuliwa na jicho la mwanadamu kama mwanga mweupe. Uwiano halisi wa mwanga wa bluu na mwanga uliobadilishwa na fosforesheni huamua joto la rangi linalohusiana (CCT); maudhui makubwa ya nyekundu/manjano hutoa mwanga mweupe "wenye joto" zaidi, kama ilivyo kwa kifaa hiki cha 2000-2500K.
13. Technology Trends
Sekta ya LED inaendelea kuelekea kwenye mwelekeo muhimu kadhaa unaohusiana na vifaa hivi:
- Uboreshaji wa ufanisi (lm/W)Uboreshaji endelevu katika chip epitaxy, teknolojia ya fosfori na muundo wa ufungashaji umeongeza ufanisi wa mwanga, na hivyo kupunguza matumizi ya nishati na mzigo wa joto kwa pato sawa la mwanga.
- Uboreshaji wa Ubora na Uthabiti wa Rangi: Maendeleo katika mifumo ya fosforasi na mchakato wa kugawa daraja yameleta uvumilivu madhubuti zaidi wa rangi (maeneo madogo ya kugawa daraja) na viwango vya juu vya faharasa ya uonyeshaji rangi (CRI), hata kwa taa za LED zenye mwanga wa joto.
- Msongamano wa Nguvu wa Juu na UthabitiNyenzo za ufungashaji na teknolojia ya kiolesura cha joto zinaboreshwa, zikiruhusu mkondo wa kuendesha wa juu zaidi na matumizi ya nguvu, huku zikidumisha au kuboresha maisha ya taa (viashiria L70, L90).
- Ujumuishaji na UdogoKuna mwelekeo wa kuunganisha chipi nyingi za LED, viendeshi, na saketi za udhibiti katika moduli moja yenye akili zaidi. Hata hivyo, LED zenye nguvu kubwa tofauti kama hizi bado ni muhimu sana kwa matumizi yanayohitaji urahisi mkubwa katika muundo wa mwanga na joto.
- Utendaji wa Pigo kwa KihisiKwa matumizi mengine zaidi ya taa, kama vile LiDAR au mwanga wa muundo kwa kusikia 3D, uwezo wa kushughulikia mapigo mafupi sana, ya mkondo wa juu na wakati sahihi unakuwa muhimu zaidi.
Maelezo ya Istilahi za Vipimo vya LED
Maelezo Kamili ya Istilahi za Teknolojia ya LED
I. Viashiria Muhimu vya Utendaji wa Umeme na Mwanga
| Istilahi | Unit/Representation | Layman's Explanation | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ufanisi wa Mwanga (Luminous Efficacy) | lm/W (lumen kwa watt) | Kiasi cha mwanga kinachotolewa kwa kila wati wa umeme, cha juu zaidi ndivyo kinachoweka nishati. | Huamua moja kwa moja kiwango cha ufanisi wa nishati ya taa na gharama ya umeme. |
| Luminous Flux | lm (lumen) | Jumla ya kiasi cha mwanga kinachotolewa na chanzo cha mwanga, kinachojulikana kwa kawaida kama "mwangaza". | Kuamua kama taa inatoa mwanga wa kutosha. |
| Pembe ya kuangazia (Viewing Angle) | ° (digrii), kama 120° | Pembe wakati ukali wa mwanga unapungua kwa nusu, huamua upana wa boriti ya mwanga. | Huathiri eneo la mwangaza na usawa wake. |
| Joto la rangi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), k.m. 2700K/6500K | Joto la rangi la mwanga, thamani ya chini inaelekea manjano/joto, thamani ya juu inaelekea nyeupe/baridi. | Huamua mazingira ya taa na matumizi yanayofaa. |
| Kielelezo cha Uonyeshaji Rangi (CRI / Ra) | No unit, 0–100 | The ability of a light source to reproduce the true colors of objects, Ra≥80 is recommended. | Affects color fidelity, used in high-demand places such as shopping malls and art galleries. |
| Tofauti ya uvumilivu wa rangi (SDCM) | Hatua za duaradufu za MacAdam, k.m. "5-step" | Kipimo cha nambari cha usawa wa rangi, hatua ndogo zaidi inaonyesha usawa mkubwa wa rangi. | Hakikisha hakuna tofauti ya rangi kati ya taa za kundi moja. |
| Dominant Wavelength | nm (nanomita), k.m. 620nm (nyekundu) | Thamani ya wavelength inayolingana na rangi ya LED ya rangi. | Amua rangi ya LED za rangi moja kama nyekundu, manjano, kijani, n.k. |
| Spectral Distribution | Wavelength vs. Intensity Curve | Inaonyesha usambazaji wa ukubwa wa mwanga unaotolewa na LED katika urefu mbalimbali wa mawimbi. | Inaathiri uhalisi wa kuonyesha rangi na ubora wa rangi. |
II. Vigezo vya Umeme
| Istilahi | Ishara | Layman's Explanation | Mazingatio ya Ubunifu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forward Voltage | Vf | Voltage ya chini inayohitajika kuwasha LED, kama "kizingiti cha kuanzisha". | Voltage ya chanzo cha usukumaji lazima iwe ≥ Vf, voltage inajumlishwa wakati LED nyingi zimeunganishwa mfululizo. |
| Forward Current | If | The current value that allows the LED to emit light normally. | Mara nyingi hutumia usukumaji wa mkondo wa mara kwa mara, mkondo huamua mwangaza na maisha ya taa. |
| Mkondo wa juu zaidi wa msukumo (Pulse Current) | Ifp | Kilele cha mkondo kinachoweza kustahimili kwa muda mfupi, kinachotumika kwa kudimisha au kumulika. | Upana wa msukumo na uwiano wa wakati wa kazi lazima udhibitiwe kwa uangalifu, vinginevyo kuna uharibifu wa joto kupita kiasi. |
| Reverse Voltage | Vr | The maximum reverse voltage that an LED can withstand; exceeding it may cause breakdown. | Mzunguko unahitaji kuzuia uunganishaji wa nyuma au mshtuko wa voltage. |
| Thermal Resistance | Rth (°C/W) | Upinzani wa joto kutoka kwenye chip hadi kwenye sehemu ya kuunganishia, thamani ya chini inaonyesha usambazaji bora wa joto. | Upinzani wa juu wa joto unahitaji muundo wa nguvu zaidi wa kupoza joto, vinginevyo joto la kiungo litaongezeka. |
| Uvumilivu wa kutokwa umeme tuli (ESD Immunity) | V (HBM), k.m. 1000V | Uwezo wa kupiga umeme wa tuli, thamani ya juu zaidi haifai kuharibiwa na umeme wa tuli. | Hatua za kinga za umeme wa tuli zinahitajika katika uzalishaji, hasa kwa LED zenye usikivu mkubwa. |
Tatu, Usimamizi wa Joto na Uaminifu
| Istilahi | Viashiria Muhimu | Layman's Explanation | Athari |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joto la Kiungo (Junction Temperature) | Tj (°C) | Joto halisi la kufanya kazi ndani ya Chip ya LED. | For every 10°C reduction, the lifespan may double; excessively high temperatures lead to lumen depreciation and color shift. |
| Lumen Depreciation | L70 / L80 (saa) | Muda unaohitajika ili mwangaza upunguke hadi 70% au 80% ya thamani ya awali. | Kufafanua moja kwa moja "maisha ya huduma" ya LED. |
| Lumen Maintenance | % (e.g., 70%) | Asilimia ya mwangaza uliobaki baada ya kutumia kwa muda fulani. | Inaonyesha uwezo wa kudumisha mwangaza baada ya matumizi ya muda mrefu. |
| Color Shift | Δu′v′ or MacAdam Ellipse | The degree of color change during use. | Inaathiri usawa wa rangi katika mandhari ya taa. |
| Uzeefu wa joto (Thermal Aging) | Kupungua kwa utendaji wa nyenzo | Uharibifu wa nyenzo za ufungaji unaosababishwa na joto la muda mrefu. | Inaweza kusababisha kupungua kwa mwangaza, mabadiliko ya rangi, au kushindwa kwa mzunguko wazi. |
IV. Encapsulation and Materials
| Istilahi | Common Types | Layman's Explanation | Characteristics and Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Package Type | EMC, PPA, Ceramic | Nyenzo za kifuniko zinazolinda chip na kutoa mwingiliano wa mwanga na joto. | EMC ina msimamo mzuri wa joto na gharama nafuu; kauri ina usambazaji bora wa joto na maisha marefu. |
| Muundo wa chip | Front-side, Flip Chip | Chip Electrode Layout. | Inverted mounting offers better heat dissipation and higher luminous efficacy, making it suitable for high-power applications. |
| Phosphor coating | YAG, silicate, nitride | Coated on the blue LED chip, partially converted to yellow/red light, mixed to form white light. | Different phosphors affect luminous efficacy, color temperature, and color rendering. |
| Lens/Optical Design | Flat, Microlens, Total Internal Reflection | Optical structures on the encapsulation surface to control light distribution. | Determines the emission angle and light distribution curve. |
V. Quality Control and Binning
| Istilahi | Bin Contents | Layman's Explanation | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luminous Flux Binning | Codes such as 2G, 2H | Grouped by brightness level, each group has a minimum/maximum lumen value. | Hakikisha mwangaza wa bidhaa za kundi moja unaolingana. |
| Voltage binning | Codes such as 6W, 6X | Grouped by forward voltage range. | Facilitates driver power supply matching and improves system efficiency. |
| Color Grading | 5-step MacAdam ellipse | Group by color coordinates to ensure colors fall within a minimal range. | Ensure color consistency to avoid uneven colors within the same luminaire. |
| Color temperature binning | 2700K, 3000K, n.k. | Pangawianishwa kulingana na joto la rangi, kila kikundi kina safu maalum ya kuratibu. | Kukidhi mahitaji ya joto la rangi kwa matukio tofauti. |
Sita, Uchunguzi na Uthibitishaji
| Istilahi | Kigezo/Uchunguzi | Layman's Explanation | Maana |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Upimaji wa Udumishaji wa Lumeni | Long-term operation under constant temperature conditions, recording brightness attenuation data. | Used to estimate LED lifetime (in conjunction with TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Life Projection Standard | Estimating the lifespan under actual operating conditions based on LM-80 data. | Toa utabiri wa kisayansi wa maisha. |
| IESNA standard | Illuminating Engineering Society Standards | Covers optical, electrical, and thermal test methods. | Industry-recognized testing basis. |
| RoHS / REACH | Environmental certification | Hakikisha bidhaa haina vitu hatari (kama risasi, zebaki). | Masharti ya kuingia katika soko la kimataifa. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Uthibitisho wa Ufanisi wa Nishati | Uthibitisho wa Ufanisi wa Nishati na Utendaji kwa Bidhaa za Taa. | Inatumiwa kwa kawaida katika ununuzi wa serikali na miradi ya ruzuku, kuimarisha ushindani wa soko. |