Karatasi ya Data ya LED ya Nguvu ya Kati ya 3030 - Ukubwa 3.0x3.0mm - Voltage 5.0-5.4V - Nguvu 1.2W - Baridi/Neutral/Joto Nyeupe - Hati ya Kiufundi ya Kiswahili

1. Muhtasari wa Bidhaa

Hati hii inaelezea kwa kina vipimo vya mfululizo wa LED za nguvu ya kati zinazotumia umbo la 3030 (3.0mm x 3.0mm) na ufungaji wa kisasa wa EMC (Epoxy Molding Compound). Mfululizo huu umeundwa kutoa usawa bora wa ufanisi wa mwangaza, uaminifu, na ufanisi wa gharama, na kufanya iwe chaguo bora katika sehemu ya nguvu ya kati. Falsafa kuu ya muundo inazingatia usimamizi wa joto na utendaji wa mwanga, na kuwezesha uendeshaji katika viwango vya nguvu hadi 1.5W.

Soko kuu la lengo la mfululizo huu wa LED ni pamoja na suluhisho za taa za kurekebisha zilizoundwa kuchukua nafasi ya taa za kawaida za incandescent au fluorescent, mwanga wa jumla kwa nafasi za makazi na biashara, mwanga wa nyuma kwa alama za ndani na nje, na matumizi ya taa ya usanifu au mapambo ambapo utendaji na ubora wa urembo ni muhimu zaidi.

2. Uchambuzi wa kina wa Vigezo vya Kiufundi

2.1 Sifa za Umeme na Mwanga

All measurements are standardized at a forward current (I_F) of 25mA and an ambient temperature (T_a) of 25°C with 60% relative humidity. The product line offers a range of Correlated Color Temperatures (CCT) from warm white (2725K) to cool white (6530K), catering to diverse lighting needs. A minimum Color Rendering Index (CRI or R_a) of 80 ensures good color fidelity for general lighting applications.

The luminous flux output is categorized by both color bin and flux rank. Typical luminous flux values range from approximately 122 lumens to 156 lumens at the test condition of 25mA, depending on the specific CCT and flux bin. It is critical to note the stated measurement tolerances: ±7% for luminous flux and ±2 for CRI. The forward voltage (V_F) typically falls between 5.0V and 5.4V at 25mA, with a specified measurement tolerance of ±0.5V.

2.2 Vigezo vya Umeme na Joto

The absolute maximum ratings define the operational boundaries for reliable performance. The maximum continuous forward current (I_F) is 30mA, with a pulsed forward current (I_FP) of 40mA allowed under specific conditions (pulse width ≤ 100µs, duty cycle ≤ 1/10). The maximum power dissipation (P_D) is 1.5W. Exceeding these ratings may cause permanent degradation or failure.

Thermal management is a key strength of the EMC package. The thermal resistance from the junction to the solder point (R_{th j-sp}) is specified at a typical value of 11 °C/W. This low thermal resistance facilitates efficient heat transfer from the LED chip to the printed circuit board (PCB), helping to maintain a lower junction temperature (T_j), which is critical for long-term lumen maintenance and reliability. The maximum allowable junction temperature is 115°C.

3. Maelezo ya Mfumo wa Kugawa

3.1 Kugawa Rangi (CCT)

LED hizi zimepangwa kwa makini katika makundi madogo ya rangi kulingana na viwianishi vya rangi kwenye mchoro wa CIE 1931. Muundo wa kugawa kwa CCT kati ya 2600K na 7000K unafuata kiwango cha Energy Star, na kuhakikisha uthabiti wa rangi ndani ya eneo lililofafanuliwa. Kila msimbo wa rangi (k.m., 27M5, 30M5) unalingana na sehemu maalum ya katikati (viwianishi x, y) na eneo la uvumilivu la duaradufu lililofafanuliwa na mhimili mkuu/mdogo (a, b) na pembe (φ). Kutokuwa na uhakika wa kipimo kwa viwianishi vya rangi ni ±0.007.

3.2 Kugawa Mwangaza

Mbali na rangi, LED pia hupangwa kulingana na pato lao la mwangaza kwenye mkondo wa kawaida wa majaribio. Viwango vya mwangaza vimepewa majina kwa misimbo (k.m., 2E, 2F, 2G, 2H), kila moja ikiwakilisha safu maalum ya lumen (k.m., 122-130 lm, 130-139 lm). Kugawa huku kwa pande mbili (rangi na mwangaza) kunawaruhusu wabunifu kuchagua vipengele vinavyokidhi mahitaji ya rangi na mwangaza ya matumizi yao, na kuhakikisha usawa katika bidhaa ya mwisho ya taa.

3.3 Kugawa Voltage ya Mbele

Forward voltage is also categorized to aid in circuit design, particularly for applications involving multiple LEDs in series. Voltage bins are defined by codes (e.g., 1, 2) with specified minimum and maximum voltage ranges (e.g., 4.6-4.8V, 4.8-5.0V). Matching V_F bins can help achieve more uniform current distribution and simplified driver design.

4. Uchambuzi wa Mviringo wa Utendaji

4.1 Sifa za IV na Mwangaza

Kielelezo 3 kinaonyesha uhusiano kati ya mkondo wa mbele na mwangaza wa jamaa. Pato halifuati uwiano wa moja kwa moja; kuongeza mkondo zaidi ya safu ya kupendekezwa ya 25-30mA kunaleta ongezeko dogo la pato la mwanga huku likiongeza kwa kiasi kikubwa uzalishaji wa joto na msongo kwenye kifaa. Kielelezo 4 kinaonyesha mviringo wa voltage ya mbele dhidi ya mkondo, ambayo ni muhimu kwa kubuni mzunguko unaofaa wa kudhibiti mkondo.

4.2 Utegemezi wa Joto

The performance of LEDs is highly temperature-sensitive. Figure 6 demonstrates that relative luminous flux decreases as ambient temperature (T_a) increases. Figure 7 shows that forward voltage typically decreases with rising temperature. Figure 5 details the shift in chromaticity coordinates (CIE x, y) with temperature, which is crucial for applications requiring stable color points across operating conditions. Figure 8 is critical for thermal design, showing the derating curve for maximum allowable forward current as a function of ambient temperature for two different junction-to-ambient thermal resistance scenarios (35°C/W and 55°C/W).

4.3 Usambazaji wa Wigo na Pembe ya Kuona

Figure 1 provides the relative spectral power distribution, which defines the light's color quality. Figure 2 depicts the spatial radiation pattern (viewing angle distribution). The typical viewing angle (2θ_1/2), where intensity is half the peak value, is 110 degrees, indicating a wide, Lambertian-like emission pattern suitable for general diffuse lighting.

5. Miongozo ya Usanikishaji na Ushughulikiaji

5.1 Kuuza kwa Reflow

LED hizi zinaendana na michakato ya kuuza kwa reflow isiyo na risasi. Profaili ya joto ya juu ya kuuza haipaswi kuzidi 230°C au 260°C kwa muda wa sekunde 10, kama ilivyobainishwa katika viwango vya juu kabisa. Ni muhimu kufuata profaili ya reflow iliyopendekezwa na mtengenezaji ili kuzuia mshtuko wa joto au uharibifu kwa ufungaji wa EMC na kiambatisho cha ndani cha die.

5.2 Uhifadhi na Ushughulikiaji

Safu ya joto ya uhifadhi inayopendekezwa ni -40°C hadi +85°C. Ili kuzuia kunyonya unyevu, ambao unaweza kusababisha "popcorning" wakati wa reflow, LED zinapaswa kuhifadhiwa katika mazingira kavu, kwa kawaida katika mifuko iliyofungwa ya kuzuia unyevu na dawa ya kukausha. Tahadhari za kawaida za ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) zinapaswa kuzingatiwa wakati wa kushughulikia, kwani vifaa hivi vina voltage ya kustahimili ESD ya 1000V (Human Body Model).

6. Vidokezo vya Utumizi na Mazingatio ya Ubunifu

6.1 Usimamizi wa Joto

Kupata joto kwa ufanisi ndio sababu moja muhimu zaidi ya kufikia utendaji uliokadiriwa na umri mrefu. Upinzani wa chini wa joto wa 11 °C/W kutoka kwa kiungo hadi sehemu ya kuuza ni wa ufanisi tu ikiwa ubunifu wa PCB na mfumo unarahisisha upotezaji wa joto. Matumizi ya PCB zenye kiini cha chuma (MCPCBs) au bodi zenye njia za kutosha za joto yanapendekezwa sana kwa matumizi yanayoendeshwa kwenye au karibu na mkondo/nguvu ya juu kabisa. Mviringo wa kupunguza nguvu (Kielelezo 8) lazima utumike kubainisha mkondo salama wa uendeshaji kwa mazingira halisi ya joto ya matumizi.

6.2 Kuendesha Umeme

A constant current driver is mandatory for reliable operation. The driver should be designed to supply a stable current up to the maximum of 30mA, accounting for the forward voltage bin and its negative temperature coefficient. For designs using multiple LEDs in series, consider the voltage binning to ensure the total string voltage is within the driver's output range. Parallel connections are generally not recommended without additional balancing circuitry due to V_F variations.

6.3 Ujumuishaji wa Mwanga

Pembe pana ya kuona ya digrii 110 hufanya LED hizi ziweze kutumika kwa matumizi yanayohitaji mwanga mpana na sawa bila optiki ya sekondari. Kwa taa ya mwelekeo, optiki ya msingi inayofaa (lenzi) au vikumbusho vinaweza kutumika. CRI ya juu (≥80) huzifanya bora kwa taa ya maduka, taa ya kazi, na mazingira mengine ambapo mtazamo sahihi wa rangi ni muhimu.

7. Ulinganisho wa Kiufundi na Faida

Tofauti kuu ya mfululizo huu wa EMC ya 3030 iko katika teknolojia ya ufungaji wake. Ikilinganishwa na plastiki za jadi za PPA (Polyphthalamide) au PCT, nyenzo za EMC hutoa conductivity bora ya joto, ustahimilivu wa joto wa juu, na upinzani bora wa kugeuka manjano na uharibifu kutokana na mionzi ya UV na joto. Hii inasababisha utendaji thabiti zaidi wa mwanga kwa muda wote wa maisha ya LED, na kudumisha pato la lumen na nukta ya rangi bora kuliko mbadala zilizofungwa kwa plastiki.

Mchanganyiko wa ufungaji thabiti wa EMC, ufanisi wa juu wa mwangaza, na kugawa kwa kina kwa pande nyingi hutoa faida kubwa katika matumizi yanayohitaji uaminifu wa juu, maisha marefu, na ubora thabiti, kama vile vifaa vya taa vya kibiashara na alama za nje.

8. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (FAQs)

Q: What is the actual power consumption at the typical operating point?
A: At the test condition of I_F=25mA and V_F=5.4V (typical max), the power is 25mA * 5.4V = 135mW. The "1.2W Series" designation refers to its capability and thermal package rating, not the standard operating point.

Q: How does the luminous flux change if I drive the LED at 30mA instead of 25mA?
A: Refer to Figure 3. The relative luminous flux increases with current but not linearly. Driving at 30mA will yield more light but also generate significantly more heat. You must ensure the junction temperature remains below 115°C by implementing excellent thermal management, as per the derating curve in Figure 8.

Q: Can I use these LEDs for outdoor applications?
A: Yes, the EMC package offers good environmental resistance. However, for outdoor use, the entire luminaire must be properly sealed and designed to manage condensation and environmental stresses. The operating temperature range of -40°C to +85°C supports most outdoor conditions.

Q: Why is the forward voltage tolerance ±0.5V important?
A: This tolerance impacts the design of the power supply, especially when connecting multiple LEDs in series. The driver must accommodate the total possible voltage range of the string. Selecting LEDs from the same voltage bin (Table 7) can simplify driver design and improve system efficiency.

9. Utafiti wa Kesi ya Ubunifu na Matumizi

Scenario: Designing a 1200lm LED Panel Light for Office Use.
A designer aims to create a 600mm x 600mm LED panel light with a neutral white color (4000K, CRI>80) and an output of 1200 lumens.

Component Selection: The designer selects the T3C40821C-**AA model (Neutral White, 3985K typical). From Table 6, for the 40M5 color bin, a flux rank of 2H offers 148-156 lumens at 25mA. Choosing the typical value of 152 lm for calculation.

Quantity Calculation: To achieve 1200 lm, approximately 1200 lm / 152 lm per LED ≈ 8 LEDs are needed at 25mA each.

Thermal & Electrical Design: The 8 LEDs will be arranged on an aluminum MCPCB. Total power at 25mA and typical V_F (5.2V): 8 * (0.025A * 5.2V) = 1.04W. The thermal design must ensure the LED solder point temperature remains low enough to keep the junction below 115°C, utilizing the R_{th j-sp} of 11°C/W. A constant current driver outputting 25mA with a voltage compliance covering 8 * V_F (considering bin 2: 4.8-5.0V) is selected.

Outcome: This design leverages the LED's high efficacy and EMC thermal performance to create a reliable, efficient, and uniform office lighting fixture.

10. Kanuni za Kiufundi na Mienendo

10.1 Kanuni ya Uendeshaji

LED hizi zinategemea teknolojia ya semiconductor. Wakati voltage ya mbele inatumiwa kwenye kiunganishi cha p-n, elektroni na mashimo hujumuika tena, na kutolea nishati kwa njia ya fotoni (mwanga). Nyenzo maalum na muundo wa tabaka za semiconductor hubainisha urefu wa wimbi (rangi) ya mwanga unaotolewa. Mipako ya fosfori hutumiwa kwenye chip inayotoa bluu kubadilisha sehemu ya mwanga wa bluu kuwa urefu wa wimbi mrefu zaidi, na kuunda wigo mpana wa mwanga mweupe wenye CCT na CRI inayotakiwa.

10.2 Mienendo ya Sekta

Sehemu ya LED ya nguvu ya kati inaendelea kubadilika kuelekea ufanisi wa juu zaidi (lumen kwa watt) na uaminifu ulioboreshwa kwa viwango vya gharama vinavyoshindana. Mienendo mikuu ni pamoja na kupitishwa kwa wingi kwa EMC na nyenzo zingine za ufungaji zinazofanana na kauri kwa utendaji bora wa joto na umri mrefu. Pia kuna msisitizo mkubwa wa kuboresha ubora na uthabiti wa rangi, na viwango vikali vya kugawa na chaguzi za CRI za juu zinazokuwa za kawaida. Zaidi ya hayo, ujumuishaji wa kiendeshi na udhibiti mzima wa akili unakuwa muhimu zaidi kwa mifumo ya taa ya kizazi kijacho. Jukwaa la EMC ya 3030 linawakilisha suluhisho lililokomaa na lililoboreshwa ndani ya maendeleo haya ya sekta yanayoendelea.