Table of Contents
- 1. Product Overview
- 1.1 Core Advantages
- 1.2 Target Markets and Applications
- 2. In-depth Technical Parameter Analysis
- 2.1 Photoelectric Characteristics
- 2.2 Absolute Maximum Ratings
- 3. Grading System Description
- 3.1 Ufafanuzi wa Nambari ya Bidhaa
- 3.2 Kugawa Daraja la Kiashiria cha Rangi (CRI)
- 3.3 Luminous Flux Grading
- 3.4 Forward Voltage Binning
- 3.5 Chromaticity Binning (MacAdam Ellipse)
- 4. Performance Curve Analysis
- 4.1 Forward Voltage vs. Junction Temperature (Figure 1)
- 4.2 Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current (Figure 2)
- 4.3 Relative Luminous Flux vs. Junction Temperature (Figure 3)
- 4.4 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (IV Curve) (Figure 4)
- 4.5 Maximum Drive Current vs. Solder Point Temperature (Figure 5)
- 4.6 Radiation Pattern (Figure 6)
- 4.7 Spectral Distribution
- 5. Mwongozo wa Uchomeaji na Usanikishaji
- 5.1 Vigezo vya Uchomeaji wa Reflow
- 5.2 Manual Soldering
- 5.3 Storage Conditions
- 6. Application Design Considerations
- 6.1 Uchaguzi wa Kiendeshi
- 6.2 Usimamizi wa Joto
- 6.3 Ubunifu wa Optics
- 7. Ulinganishi wa Kiufundi na Tofauti
- 8. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)
- 9. Design and Use Case Studies
- 10. Introduction to Technical Principles
- 11. Industry Trends
1. Product Overview
XI3030P is a mid-power LED in a Surface Mount Device (SMD) package utilizing PLCC-2 (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier). It is designed as a top-view white LED, integrating high luminous efficacy, excellent color rendering, and a compact form factor. Its primary design objective is to deliver high energy efficiency and reliable performance for a wide range of lighting applications.
1.1 Core Advantages
Faida kuu za ufungaji huu wa LED ni pamoja na:
- Ufanisi wa juu wa mwanga:Katika 65mA na joto la rangi la 5000K, ufanisi wa kawaida wa mwanga unaweza kufikia 225 lm/W, hii inasaidia kupunguza matumizi ya nishati.
- Kielelezo cha juu cha uwasilishaji rangi (CRI):Provides a minimum color rendering index of 80 (Ra), with models offering up to 90 available, ensuring accurate and pleasing color reproduction.
- Wide Viewing Angle:The typical viewing angle (2θ1/2) is 120 degrees, providing uniform and wide illumination.
- Umbo la Kompakt:Eneo dogo la 3.0mm x 3.0mm, linaruhusu muundo wa PCB wenye ubunifu na msongamano mkubwa.
- Uzingatiaji wa Mazingira:产品无铅，符合RoHS、欧盟REACH及无卤标准（Br<900ppm， Cl<900ppm， Br+Cl<1500ppm）。
1.2 Target Markets and Applications
This LED is an ideal solution for various lighting applications that require a balance between performance, efficiency, and cost. The main application areas include:
- General Lighting:Inafaa kwa taa za makazi, biashara na viwanda.
- Taa za Mapambo na Burudani:Kwa ubora wake mzuri wa rangi, inaweza kutumika kwa taa za msisitizo, taa za majengo na taa za jukwaa.
- Mwanga wa Kiashiria na Mwanga wa Nyuma:Inafaa kwa mwanga wa nyuma, alama, na mwanga wa kiashiria cha hali.
- Mwanga wa Kiashiria cha Swichi:Inaweza kuingizwa katika swichi zenye taa na paneli za udhibiti.
2. In-depth Technical Parameter Analysis
Sehemu hii inafafanua kwa kina na kwa uwazi vigezo muhimu vya kiufundi vilivyobainishwa katika hati ya maelezo.
2.1 Photoelectric Characteristics
Viashiria vikuu vya utendaji vinafafanuliwa chini ya hali za kawaida za kupima (Joto la Pointi ya Kuunganisha = 25°C, Mkondo wa Mbele IF = 65mA).
- Flux ya Mwanga (Φ):Kiasi cha chini cha mwanga hutofautiana kulingana na aina ya bidhaa, kuanzia lm 37 hadi lm 39 kulingana na joto la rangi linalohusiana (CCT). Toleo linalokubalika ni ±11%.
- Voltage ya mbele (VF):Voltage ya juu ya mbele imewekwa kuwa 2.9V, na toleo la kawaida ni ±0.1V. VF ya chini husaidia kuboresha ufanisi wa mfumo.
- Kielelezo cha uonyeshaji rangi (CRI/Ra):The minimum Ra for the standard series is 80, with a strict tolerance controlled within ±2, ensuring consistency in color quality across different production batches.
- Viewing Angle (2θ1/2):The typical value is 120 degrees, which is considered a wide viewing angle, suitable for applications requiring diffuse light distribution.
- Ufanisi wa Mwanga:Ufanisi wa kawaida wa mwanga uliopimwa kwenye 65mA na joto la rangi ya 5000K ni 225 lm/W. Hii ni kiashiria muhimu cha kupima ufanisi wa nishati.
- Mkondo wa Kinyume (IR):Wakati voltage ya nyuma (VR) iko kwenye 5V, mkondo wa juu wa nyuma ni 50 µA, inaonyesha sifa ya uvujaji wa diode.
2.2 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Viwango hivi vinaelezea mipaka ambayo inaweza kusababisha uharibifu wa kudumu wa kifaa. Uendeshaji unapaswa kuwa ndani ya mipaka hii kila wakati.
- Mkondo wa mbele (IF):180 mA (continuous).
- Peak Forward Current (IFP):300 mA, allowed only under pulse conditions (duty cycle 1/10, pulse width 10ms).
- Power Dissipation (Pd):580 mW.
- Operating and Storage Temperature:-40°C hadi +85°C (kufanya kazi), -40°C hadi +100°C (kuhifadhi).
- Upinzani wa joto (RθJ-S):Upinzani wa joto kutoka kiungo hadi sehemu ya kuunganishia ni 21 °C/W. Kigezo hiki ni muhimu sana katika usanidi wa usimamizi wa joto.
- Joto la kiungo (Tj):The maximum allowable junction temperature is 115°C.
- Soldering Temperature:Reflow soldering: maximum 260°C for 10 seconds. Hand soldering: maximum 350°C for 3 seconds.
Ujumbe Muhimu:Kifaa hiki kinaweza kuharibika kwa kutokwa kwa umeme tuli (ESD). Ni lazima kuzingatia tahadhari zinazofaa za usindikaji wa ESD wakati wa usanikishaji na uendeshaji.
3. Grading System Description
Bidhaa hutumia mfumo kamili wa kugawa daraja ili kuhakikisha uthabiti wa sifa za umeme na mwanga. Nambari ya bidhaa inaelezea msimbo wa kugawa daraja.
3.1 Ufafanuzi wa Nambari ya Bidhaa
Mfano: XI3030P/KKX-5M403929U6/2T
- XI3030P:Encapsulation series and dimensions (3.0mm x 3.0mm).
- KKX-5M:Msimbo wa mfululizo wa ndani.
- 'XX' ya kwanza (40):Inawakilisha joto la rangi linalohusiana (CCT). '40' = 4000K.
- 'XX' ya pili (39):Represents the minimum luminous flux bin code. '39' = 39 lm (minimum value).
- The third 'XX' (29):Represents the maximum forward voltage bin code. '29' corresponds to a VF maximum of 2.9V.
- U6:Forward current exponent, indicating an operating current of 65mA.
- 2T:Additional product model code.
3.2 Kugawa Daraja la Kiashiria cha Rangi (CRI)
The datasheet provides a table mapping single-letter symbols to minimum CRI values:
- M: CRI 60, N: 65, L: 70, Q: 75, K: 80, P: 85, H: 90.
3.3 Luminous Flux Grading
Mwangaza wa mwanga unapangwa kulingana na CCT. Kwa mfano:
- 3000K:Viwango vya kupanga: 37L2 (37-39 lm), 39L2 (39-41 lm), 41L2 (41-43 lm).
- 4000K/5000K/5700K:Bin code 39L2 (39-41 lm), 41L2 (41-43 lm), 43L2 (43-45 lm).
- 6500K:Bin code 38L2 (38-40 lm), 40L2 (40-42 lm), 42L2 (42-44 lm).
3.4 Forward Voltage Binning
Forward voltage is grouped under code '2629', comprising three sub-bins:
- 26A: 2.6V - 2.7V
- 27A: 2.7V - 2.8V
- 28A: 2.8V - 2.9V (kiwango cha juu)
3.5 Chromaticity Binning (MacAdam Ellipse)
The LED's color point (chromaticity coordinates) is controlled within a specific ellipse on the CIE 1931 diagram to ensure color consistency.
- MacAdam 3-step:Stricter color control means that under standard conditions, the human eye can hardly distinguish color differences between LEDs located within the 3-step ellipse.
- MacAdam 5-Step:Standard color control, suitable for most general lighting applications where slight color variation is acceptable.
4. Performance Curve Analysis
Mkunjo wa kawaida unaonyesha tabia ya LED chini ya hali tofauti za uendeshaji.
4.1 Forward Voltage vs. Junction Temperature (Figure 1)
The forward voltage (VF) has a negative temperature coefficient. VF decreases linearly by approximately 0.2V as the junction temperature (Tj) increases from 25°C to 115°C. This characteristic is crucial for constant current driver design and thermal compensation considerations.
4.2 Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current (Figure 2)
The light output exhibits a sublinear relationship with current. While output increases with current, luminous efficacy (lumens per watt) typically decreases at higher currents due to thermal effects and efficiency droop. Operating at the recommended 65mA ensures optimal efficacy and lifetime.
4.3 Relative Luminous Flux vs. Junction Temperature (Figure 3)
Mwangaza hupungua kwa kuongezeka kwa joto la kiungo. Mkunjo unaonyesha kuwa kwa Tj ya 100°C, mtiririko wa mwanga wa jamaa ni takriban 85% ya thamani yake kwa 25°C. Usimamizi bora wa joto (RθJ-A ya chini) ni muhimu kudumisha pato la mwanga na maisha ya huduma.
4.4 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (IV Curve) (Figure 4)
Kielelezo hiki kinaonyesha uhusiano wa kawaida wa kielelezo kati ya mkondo wa diode na voltage. Hii ni muhimu kwa kuchagua njia sahihi ya kuendesha (LED lazima ziendeshwe kwa mkondo wa mara kwa mara).
4.5 Maximum Drive Current vs. Solder Point Temperature (Figure 5)
This derating curve indicates that the maximum allowable forward current decreases as the solder point temperature increases. This is a key design rule to ensure the LED operates within its Safe Operating Area (SOA) under all environmental conditions.
4.6 Radiation Pattern (Figure 6)
The polar plot confirms its broad, Lambertian-like emission pattern, with a typical viewing angle of 120°. The light intensity is quite uniform across the wide central region.
4.7 Spectral Distribution
The spectral power distribution graph (mentioned but not detailed in the text) will show a broad blue pump LED peak and a broader phosphor-converted yellow emission peak, characteristic of white phosphor-converted LEDs. The exact shape determines the CCT and CRI.
5. Mwongozo wa Uchomeaji na Usanikishaji
5.1 Vigezo vya Uchomeaji wa Reflow
LED hii inalingana na mchakato wa kawaida wa uuzaji tena wa solder kwa mionzi ya infrared au mkondo wa hewa. Kigezo muhimu ni kiwango cha juu cha joto cha kuunganisha, ambacho hakipaswi kuzidi 260°C kwa zaidi ya sekunde 10. Inashauriwa kutumia mkunjo wa kawaida wa uuzaji tena wa solder bila risasi (mfano JEDEC J-STD-020). Udhibiti sahihi unahitajika ili kuzuia uharibifu wa joto kwa kifuniko cha plastiki na uwekaji wa chipu ya ndani.
5.2 Manual Soldering
Ikiwa ni lazima kufanya ushonaji wa mikono, joto la ncha ya chuma la kuchomea linapaswa kudhibitiwa hadi kiwango cha juu cha 350°C, na wakati wa mguso na kila pedi ya kuuza unapaswa kuwa mdau wa sekunde 3 au chini, ili kuzuia joto kupita kiasi.
5.3 Storage Conditions
LED zifaawe kuhifadhiwa kwenye mfuko wao asilia wa kuzuia unyevunyevu (ikiwa imeainishwa kama kifaa cha nyeti kwa unyevunyevu), katika hali ya joto ya mazingira kati ya -40°C hadi +100°C na unyevunyevu mdogo. Ikiwa inatumika, fuata miongozo ya kawaida ya IPC/JEDEC ya kushughulikia vifaa vya nyeti kwa unyevunyevu (MSD).
6. Application Design Considerations
6.1 Uchaguzi wa Kiendeshi
Kiendeshi cha mkondo wa mara kwa mara kinahitajika. Mkondo unaopendekezwa wa uendeshaji ni 65mA. Kiendeshi kinapaswa kuchaguliwa kulingana na voltage ya mfululizo inayohitajika (jumla ya VF ya LED), na lazima iwe na utendakazi unaofaa wa ulinzi, kama vile ulinzi dhidi ya mkondo kupita kiasi, voltage kupita kiasi, na mzunguko wazi/fupi. Katika matumizi mengine ya usahihi, muundo wa kitanzi cha maoni cha kiendeshi kinapaswa kuzingatia mgawo hasi wa joto wa VF.
6.2 Usimamizi wa Joto
Kwa kuwa upinzani wa joto kutoka kwenye kiungo hadi kwenye mwamba wa kuunganishia (RθJ-S) ni 21°C/W, upoaji bora wa joto ni muhimu, hasa wakati wa uendeshaji karibu na au kufikia viwango vya juu vilivyowekwa. PCB inapaswa kuwa na vifungu vya joto vya kutosha na maeneo ya shaba yanayounganishwa na pedi ya joto ya LED (ikiwa ipo kwenye kifurushi) ili kupoza joto. Joto la juu la kiungo la 115°C halipaswi kuzidi. Tumia fomula: Tj = Ts + (RθJ-S * Pd), ambapo Ts ni joto la mwamba wa kuunganishia, na Pd ni nguvu inayotumiwa (VF * IF).
6.3 Ubunifu wa Optics
Pembe ya upana ya 120° hufanya LED hii ifae kwa matumizi yanayohitaji mwanga unaotawanyika na usawa bila vifaa vya optics vya sekondari. Kwa boriti iliyolenga, ni lazima kubuni vifaa vya optics vya msingi (leni au kioakisi) kulingana na hali ya utoaji wa LED na vipimo vyake vya kimwili.
7. Ulinganishi wa Kiufundi na Tofauti
Ingawa hakuna ulinganishi wa moja kwa moja na bidhaa nyingine uliotolewa kwenye maelezo ya kiufundi, kulingana na vipimo vyake, sifa kuu za kipekee za XI3030P ni pamoja na:
- Usawazishaji wa Ufanisi wa Mwanga na Ubora wa Kuonyesha Rangi:Kwa CRI 80, ufanisi wa kawaida wa mwanga unafikia 225 lm/W, ukitoa uwiano mzuri. Baadhi ya washindani wanaweza kutoa ufanisi wa juu zaidi wa mwanga kwa CRI ya chini, au kinyume chake.
- Uainishaji Kamili:Uainishaji wa kina wa mtiririko wa mwanga, voltage, na ukolezi wa rangi (duara la MacAdam la hatua 3/5), ukiruhusu muundo mkali zaidi wa mfumo ikilinganishwa na bidhaa zenye uainishaji wenye masharti machache, na kufanikisha usawa bora wa rangi katika taa nyingi za LED.
- Thamani ya Juu Kabisa ya Kudumu:Joto la juu la kiunganishi (115°C) na matumizi ya nguvu (580mW) yanayolinganishwa yanatoa ukingo wa usalama mpana na urahisi wa kubuni katika mazingira yenye changamoto za joto.
- Uzingatiaji wa Mazingira:Kufuata kikamilifu viwango vya kisasa via mazingira (RoHS, REACH, halojeni-bure) ni mahitaji ya msingi, lakini imeorodheshwa wazi kama sifa.
8. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)
Q1: Je, naweza kutumia 150mA kuendesha LED hii ili kupata pato kubwa zaidi?
A: Hapana. Upeo kamili wa mkondo wa mwendelezo wa mbele ni 180mA, lakini hali inayopendekezwa ya kufanya kazi ni 65mA. Kufanya kazi kwa 150mA kutaongeza kwa kiasi kikubwa joto la kiungo, kupunguza ufanisi wa mwanga, kuharakisha kufifia kwa mwanga, na kusababisha dhamana kukatika. Tafadhali, daima tengeneza kulingana na mkondo unaopendekezwa.
Q2: Je, ni tofauti gani kati ya makundi ya duaradufu ya MacAdam ya hatua 3 na hatua 5?
A: The 3-step ellipse represents stricter color control, where most observers can hardly distinguish the color difference. The 5-step ellipse allows slightly more color variation, which may be noticeable in side-by-side comparison but is acceptable for many applications. The choice depends on the final product's requirements for color uniformity.
Q3: How to calculate the required heat sink?
A: You need to determine the target solder joint temperature (Ts). Using the formula Tj = Ts + (RθJ-S * Pd), set Tj to a safe value below 115°C (e.g., 105°C). Calculate Pd as VF * IF (e.g., 2.9V * 0.065A = 0.1885W). Then, Ts_max = Tj_max - (21°C/W * 0.1885W) ≈ 105°C - 4°C ≈ 101°C. The thermal design of the PCB and system must ensure the solder joint temperature remains below this calculated Ts_max.
Q4: Je, vyanzo vya umeme vya voltage ya kudumu vinatumika?
A: Havitumiki. LED ni vifaa vinavyoendeshwa na mkondo. Chini ya chanzo cha voltage ya kudumu, mabadiliko madogo ya voltage ya mbele (kutokana na tofauti za joto au daraja) yanaweza kusababisha mabadiliko makubwa ya mkondo, yanayoweza kusababisha udhibiti wa joto uliopotea na hitilafu. Tafadhali tumia daima kiendeshi cha mkondo wa kudumu au mzunguko wa kikomo cha mkondo.
9. Design and Use Case Studies
Scenario: Design a linear LED luminaire for office environment lighting.
- Requirements:中性白光（4000K），良好的显色性（CRI >80），高效率，并在2米长度上实现均匀照明。
- Uchaguzi wa Vifaa:Chagua XI3030P/KKX-5M403929U6/2T, kwa kuwa ina joto la rangi ya 4000K, CRI 80 na ufanisi wa juu wa mwanga.
- Usanifu wa Joto:The luminaire uses an aluminum substrate (MCPCB) with a thermal conductivity of 1-2 W/mK. The calculated power consumption per LED is approximately 0.19W. With 100 LEDs evenly distributed on a 2-meter-long aluminum profile (serving as a heat sink), thermal simulation confirms that the junction temperature remains below 90°C at an ambient temperature of 25°C.
- Electrical Design:LEDs are connected in series in strings of 20 (maximum total VF approximately 58V). A constant current driver with an output of 65mA and a voltage range covering 58V is selected. Includes overvoltage protection.
- Optical Design:By utilizing the wide 120° beam angle of the LED and combining it with a milky polycarbonate diffuser plate placed at the calculated distance, the required uniform illumination without visible spots was achieved, meeting office lighting standards.
10. Introduction to Technical Principles
The XI3030P is a phosphor-converted white LED. Its fundamental principle involves a semiconductor chip (typically made of indium gallium nitride (InGaN)) that emits blue light (electroluminescence) when forward-biased. A portion of this blue light is absorbed by a phosphor layer (e.g., YAG:Ce) deposited on or around the chip. The phosphor down-converts a portion of the blue photons into a broad spectrum in the yellow and red regions. The remaining blue light mixes with the yellow/red light emitted by the phosphor, which is perceived by the human eye as white light. The precise ratio of blue to yellow light and the phosphor composition determine the correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI) of the emitted white light.
11. Industry Trends
Sekta ya LED ya nguvu ya kati inayowakilishwa na ufungaji kama XI3030P inaendelea kukua. Mienendo halisi ya sekta ni pamoja na:
- Uboreshaji wa Ufanisi wa Mwanga:Uboreshaji endelevu wa ufanisi wa quantum wa ndani (IQE) wa chipi ya mwanga wa bluu, ufanisi wa ubadilishaji wa fosforesheni, na ufanisi wa uchimbaji wa mwanga wa ufungaji unachochea kuongezeka kwa ufanisi wa mwanga.
- Uboreshaji wa ubora wa rangi:Mahitaji yanayoongezeka ya CRI ya juu zaidi (90+) na uboreshaji wa uthabiti wa rangi (duaradufu ya MacAdam iliyokaliwa), hasa katika nyanja za taa za kibiashara na rejareja.
- Uboreshaji wa Uaminifu na Maisha ya Huduma:Maendeleo katika nyenzo za ufungaji (mifuko ya umbo, bodi ya msingi) na mchakato wa utengenezaji yanalenga kupunguza kuzorota kwa mwanga na kuongeza maisha ya kazi (L90).
- Udogo na Ujumuishaji:Ingawa 3030 ni kipimo cha kawaida, mwelekeo unaelekea kuelekea ukubwa mdogo wa ufungashaji, huku ukidumisha utendaji sawa au bora zaidi, pamoja na moduli zinazojumuisha LED nyingi na madereva.
- Ujasusi na Udhibiti wa Mwangaza:Ujumuishaji wa LED na vifaa vya elektroniki vya udhibiti unaongezeka, ili kufanikisha udhibiti wa mwangaza, urekebishaji wa halijoto ya rangi (CCT inayoweza kurekebishwa), na utendaji wa muunganisho wa mifumo ya taa inayotegemea IoT.
Detailed Explanation of LED Specification Terminology
Complete Explanation of LED Technical Terminology
I. Core Indicators of Photoelectric Performance
| Istilahi | Kipimo/Uwakilishi | Mafasiri ya Kawaida | Kwa Nini Ni Muhimu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ufanisi wa Mwanga (Luminous Efficacy) | lm/W (lumen/watt) | Mwanga unaotolewa kwa kila watt ya umeme, unavyozidi kuwa mkubwa ndivyo unavyozidi kuokoa nishati. | Inaamua moja kwa moja kiwango cha ufanisi wa nishati na gharama ya umeme ya taa. |
| Mfumuko wa Mwanga (Luminous Flux) | lm (lumen) | Jumla ya mwanga unaotolewa na chanzo cha mwanga, unaojulikana kwa kawaida kama "mwangaza". | Huamua kama taa inatosha kuwa na mwangaza. |
| Pembe ya Kutazama (Viewing Angle) | ° (digrii), k.m. 120° | Pembe ambapo nguvu ya mwanga hupungua hadi nusu, inayoamua upana wa boriti ya mwanga. | Huathiri eneo la mwangaza na usawa wake. |
| Joto la rangi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), kama 2700K/6500K | Joto la rangi ya mwanga, thamani ya chini inaelekea manjano/joto, thamani ya juu inaelekea nyeupe/baridi. | Huamua mazingira ya taa na matumizi yanayofaa. |
| Kielelezo cha Uonyeshaji Rangi (CRI / Ra) | Hakuna kitengo, 0–100 | Uwezo wa chanzo cha mwanga kurejesha rangi halisi ya kitu, Ra≥80 ni bora. | Inaathiri ukweli wa rangi, hutumika katika maeneo yenye mahitaji makubwa kama maduka makubwa, makumbusho ya sanaa, n.k. |
| Tofauti ya uvumilivu wa rangi (SDCM) | MacAdam Ellipse Steps, e.g., "5-step" | A quantitative metric for color consistency; a smaller step number indicates better color consistency. | Hakikisha rangi ya taa za kundi moja hazina tofauti. |
| Mdomo mkuu wa wimbi (Dominant Wavelength) | nm (nanomita), k.m. 620nm (nyekundu) | Thamani ya urefu wa wimbi inayolingana na rangi ya LED ya rangi. | Huamua hue ya LED ya rangi moja kama nyekundu, njano, kijani, n.k. |
| Usambazaji wa Wigo (Spectral Distribution) | Mkunjo wa Urefu wa Mawimbi dhidi ya Ukubwa | Inaonyesha usambazaji wa ukubwa wa mwanga unaotolewa na LED katika urefu wa mawimbi tofauti. | Inaathiri ubora wa kuonyesha rangi na ubora wa rangi. |
II. Vigezo vya Umeme
| Istilahi | Ishara | Mafasiri ya Kawaida | Maagizo ya Ubunifu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forward Voltage | Vf | The minimum voltage required to light up an LED, similar to a "starting threshold". | Voltage ya chanjo ya umeme inahitaji kuwa ≥ Vf, voltage inaongezeka wakati LED nyingi zimeunganishwa mfululizo. |
| Forward Current | If | Thamani ya mkondo inayofanya LED ionekane kwa kawaida. | Inatumika kwa kawaida kuendesha kwa mkondo wa kudumu, mkondo huamua mwangaza na maisha ya huduma. |
| Maksimum ya mkondo wa msukumo (Pulse Current) | Ifp | Kilele cha mkondo kinachoweza kustahimili kwa muda mfupi, kinachotumika kwa kudimisha au kumulika. | Pulse width and duty cycle must be strictly controlled to prevent overheating and damage. |
| Reverse Voltage | Vr | The maximum reverse voltage that an LED can withstand; exceeding it may cause breakdown. | The circuit must be protected against reverse connection or voltage surges. |
| Thermal Resistance | Rth (°C/W) | Upinzani wa joto kutoka kwenye chip hadi kwenye sehemu ya kuunganishia, thamani ya chini inaonyesha usambazaji bora wa joto. | Upinzani wa joto wa juu unahitaji muundo wa nguvu zaidi wa usambazaji wa joto, vinginevyo joto la kiungo litaongezeka. |
| ESD Immunity | V (HBM), k.m. 1000V | Uwezo wa kukabiliana na mshtuko wa umeme wa tuli, thamani ya juu zaidi inamaanisha uwezekano mdogo wa kuharibika. | Antistatic measures must be implemented during production, especially for high-sensitivity LEDs. |
III. Thermal Management and Reliability
| Istilahi | Key Indicators | Mafasiri ya Kawaida | Athari |
|---|---|---|---|
| Junction Temperature | Tj (°C) | The actual operating temperature inside the LED chip. | For every 10°C reduction, the lifespan may double; excessively high temperatures cause lumen depreciation and color shift. |
| Kupungua kwa Mwanga (Lumen Depreciation) | L70 / L80 (saa) | Muda unaohitajika ili mwangaza upunguke hadi 70% au 80% ya thamani ya awali. | Kufafanua moja kwa moja "maisha ya huduma" ya LED. |
| Lumen Maintenance | % (e.g., 70%) | The percentage of remaining brightness after a period of use. | Characterizes the ability to maintain brightness after long-term use. |
| Color Shift | Δu′v′ or MacAdam Ellipse | Kiwango cha mabadiliko ya rangi wakati wa matumizi. | Inaathiri uthabiti wa rangi wa eneo la taa. |
| Uchakavu wa Joto (Thermal Aging) | Kupungua kwa Utendaji wa Nyenzo | Uharibifu wa nyenzo za ufungaji kutokana na joto la juu la muda mrefu. | Inaweza kusababisha kupungua kwa mwangaza, mabadiliko ya rangi, au kushindwa kwa mzunguko wazi. |
Nne. Ufungaji na Nyenzo
| Istilahi | Aina za Kawaida | Mafasiri ya Kawaida | Sifa na Matumizi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aina za Ufungaji | EMC, PPA, Ceramic | The housing material that protects the chip and provides optical and thermal interfaces. | EMC ina mzuri kwa joto la juu, gharama nafuu; kauri ina utoaji bora wa joto, maisha marefu. |
| Muundo wa Chip | Usakinishaji wa Kawaida, Usakinishaji wa Kichwa-chini (Flip Chip) | Chip electrode arrangement method. | Flip-chip offers better heat dissipation and higher luminous efficacy, suitable for high-power applications. |
| Phosphor coating | YAG, silicate, nitride | Coated on the blue LED chip, partially converted to yellow/red light, mixed to form white light. | Fosfori tofauti huathiri ufanisi wa mwanga, halijoto ya rangi na ubora wa kuonyesha rangi. |
| Lenzi/Usanifu wa Optics | Planar, microlens, total internal reflection | Optical structure on the package surface, controlling light distribution. | Determines the emission angle and light distribution curve. |
Tano, Udhibiti wa Ubora na Uainishaji
| Istilahi | Yaliyomo ya Uainishaji | Mafasiri ya Kawaida | Kusudi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kikomo cha Flux ya Mwanga | Code kama 2G, 2H | Group by brightness level, each group has a minimum/maximum lumen value. | Ensure consistent brightness for products within the same batch. |
| Voltage binning | Codes such as 6W, 6X | Grouped according to forward voltage range. | Facilitates driver power matching and improves system efficiency. |
| Color binning | 5-step MacAdam ellipse | Group by color coordinates to ensure colors fall within an extremely small range. | Ensure color consistency to avoid color unevenness within the same luminaire. |
| Mgawanyo wa joto la rangi | 2700K, 3000K, n.k. | Group by color temperature, each group has a corresponding coordinate range. | Meet the color temperature requirements of different scenarios. |
VI. Testing and Certification
| Istilahi | Kigezo/Uchunguzi | Mafasiri ya Kawaida | Maana |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Lumen Maintenance Test | Long-term operation under constant temperature conditions, recording brightness attenuation data. | Used to estimate LED lifespan (in conjunction with TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Standard for Life Projection | Projecting service life under actual use conditions based on LM-80 data. | Providing scientific life prediction. |
| IESNA Standard | Illuminating Engineering Society Standard | Inashughuli na mbinu za kupima kwa kutumia mwanga, umeme na joto. | Msingi wa majaribio unaokubalika na tasnia. |
| RoHS / REACH | Uthibitisho wa Mazingira | Hakikisha bidhaa haina vitu hatari (kama risasi, zebaki). | Masharti ya kuingia katika soko la kimataifa. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Uthibitisho wa ufanisi wa nishati. | Uthibitishaji wa Ufanisi na Utendaji kwa Bidhaa za Taa. | Hutumiwa kwa mradi wa ununuzi wa serikali, ruzuku, na kuimarisha ushindani wa soko. |