Table of Contents
- 1. Product Overview
- 2. Detailed Technical Parameters
- 2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
- 2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics
- 3. Maelezo ya Mfumo wa Kugawa Daraja
- 3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning
- 3.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning
- 3.3 Forward Voltage Binning
- 4. Performance Curve Analysis
- 5. Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungashaji
- 5.1 Package Dimensions
- 6. Soldering and Assembly Guide
- 6.1 Uundaji wa Pini
- 6.2 Masharti ya Uhifadhi
- 6.3 Welding Process
- 7. Ufungaji na Taarifa za Kuagiza
- 7.1 Vipimo vya Ufungaji
- 7.2 Label Information
- 8. Application Recommendations
- 8.1 Mandhari ya Kawaida ya Utumiaji
- 8.2 Design Considerations
- 9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation
- 10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Teknolojia)
- 10.1 Je, Peak Wavelength na Dominant Wavelength zinatofautianaje?
- 10.2 Can I continuously drive this LED at 30mA to achieve maximum brightness?
- 10.3 How to interpret the grading codes (e.g., H1-2, 1b) when placing an order?
- 10.4 Why is the storage life limited to 3 months? What happens if this period is exceeded?
- 11. Uchambuzi wa Kesi ya Usanifu
- 12. Kanuni ya Uendeshaji
- 13. Mwelekeo wa Teknolojia
1. Product Overview
This document details the specifications of an elliptical LED with precision optical performance. The device is specifically designed for passenger information signs and similar display system applications. Its core design philosophy focuses on providing a well-defined spatial radiation pattern, which is crucial for achieving uniform illumination and color mixing in graphic displays.
This LED features high luminous intensity output, making it suitable for outdoor and high ambient light environments. Its elliptical lens is a key differentiating feature, creating an asymmetric viewing angle optimized for horizontal signage. This characteristic, combined with a wide viewing angle of 110 degrees (one axis) and 40 degrees (vertical axis), ensures good visibility from various angles. The encapsulation material uses UV-resistant epoxy resin, enhancing long-term reliability and color stability under sunlight exposure, which is critical for outdoor advertising and variable message signs.
2. Detailed Technical Parameters
2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Kifaa hiki kimeundwa kufanya kazi ndani ya mipaka madhubuti ya umeme na joto ili kuhakikisha uimara. Viwango vya juu kabisa vya kiwango hufafanua viwango vya kizingiti ambavyo kuzizidi kunaweza kusababisha uharibifu wa kudumu.
- Mnyororo wa mbele (IF):30 mA (DC). Huu ndio mnyororo wa juu zaidi unaoweza kutumiwa kwa mfululizo.
- Pulse Forward Current (IFP):100 mA, allowed under pulse conditions with a duty cycle of 1/10 and a frequency of 1 kHz. This permits short-duration high-brightness operation.
- Reverse Voltage (VR):5 V. Exceeding this voltage under reverse bias may damage the LED junction.
- Power Dissipation (Pd):100 mW. This parameter limits the total electrical power that can be converted into heat.
- Operating and Storage Temperature:Kifaa kinaweza kufanya kazi kwenye halijoto ya -40°C hadi +85°C, na kuhifadhiwa kwenye -40°C hadi +100°C.
- Halijoto ya kuchomelea:Inaweza kustahimili hadi 260°C kwa sekunde 5, na inalingana na mchakato wa kawaida wa kuchomelea bila risasi.
- Utoaji wa umeme tuli (ESD):Withstands 1000V (Human Body Model), indicating a moderate level of ESD protection. It is still recommended to follow proper ESD handling procedures.
2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics
These parameters are measured under standard test conditions (Ta=25°C, IF=20mA), defines the core performance of the LED.
- Luminous Intensity (IV):Ranges from a minimum of 720 mcd to a maximum of 1450 mcd. The typical value falls within this range, providing high brightness.
- Viewing Angle (2θ1/2):Asymmetric, measuring 110° x 40°. The larger 110° angle is typically used for a wide horizontal field of view, while the 40° angle provides a more focused vertical beam.
- Peak Wavelength (λp):Typical value 468 nm, indicating the point of maximum spectral power emission.
- Wavelength kuu (λd):Mbalimbali kutoka 465 nm hadi 475 nm. Hii inafafanua rangi ya mwanga inayohisiwa na jicho la mwanadamu (bluu).
- Upana wa nusu ya wigo (Δλ):Thamani ya kawaida 26 nm. Hii inapima usafi wa wigo; upana mwembamba zaidi unaonyesha bluu iliyojaa zaidi.
- Forward voltage (VF):At 20mA, the range is from 2.8V to 3.6V. This is crucial for driving circuit design to ensure proper current regulation.
- Reverse current (IR):At VR=5V, the maximum is 50 μA, indicating good junction quality.
3. Maelezo ya Mfumo wa Kugawa Daraja
Ili kuhakikisha uthabiti wa rangi na mwangaza katika uzalishaji, LED huchaguliwa na kuwekwa katika vyeo tofauti kulingana na vigezo muhimu.
3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning
Based on the luminous intensity measured at 20mA, LEDs are classified into four grades (G2, H1, H2, J1).
- G2:720 ~ 860 mcd
- H1:860 ~ 1030 mcd
- H2:1030 ~ 1210 mcd
- J1:1210 ~ 1450 mcd
Kipimo kisicho na uhakika ni ±10%. Wabunifu wanaweza kuchagua viwango maalum ili kufikia kiwango maalum cha mwangaza au usawa wa onyesho.
3.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning
Uthabiti wa rangi unasimamiwa kupitia viwango vinne vya wavelength (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b).
- 1a:465.0 ~ 467.5 nm
- 1b:467.5 ~ 470.0 nm
- 2a:470.0 ~ 472.5 nm
- 2b:472.5 ~ 475.0 nm
The measurement uncertainty is ±1.0 nm. This binning is crucial for applications requiring precise color matching, such as when blue is mixed with other colors in full-color signage.
3.3 Forward Voltage Binning
The forward voltage is divided into four grades (0, 1, 2, 3) to assist in drive design and power management.
- 0:2.8 ~ 3.0 V
- 1:3.0 ~ 3.2 V
- 2:3.2 ~ 3.4 V
- 3:3.4 ~ 3.6 V
The measurement uncertainty is ±0.1V. Using LEDs from the same voltage bin can simplify the calculation of current-limiting resistors in series or parallel arrays.
4. Performance Curve Analysis
Mwongozo unarejelea safu za kawaida za sifa za umeme na mwanga. Ingawa hakuna michoro maalum iliyotolewa katika maandishi, safu za kawaida za LED kama hizi kawaida hujumuisha:
- Nguvu ya mwanga inayolinganishwa dhidi ya mkondo wa mbele (I-V curve):Inaonyesha jinsi pato la mwanga linavyobadilika kadri mkondo unavyoongezeka, kwa kawaida huonyesha uhusiano wa karibu na mstari mpaka kufikia kikomo cha juu cha mkondo kilichoratibiwa. Inasisitiza umuhimu wa kiendeshi cha mkondo wa mara kwa mara kwa utulivu wa mwangaza.
- Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature:It demonstrates the thermal derating of light output. Luminous intensity typically decreases as junction temperature increases, which is a key consideration for thermal management in enclosed signage.
- Forward Voltage vs. Junction Temperature:Inaonyesha VFIna mgawo hasi wa joto. Voltage chanya hupungua kwa joto kuongezeka, ambayo inaweza kuathiri utendaji wa saketi za kuendesha zenye msingi wa upinzani rahisi.
- Usambazaji wa wigo:Chora grafu ya nguvu ya jamaa dhidi ya urefu wa wimbi, inayoonyesha kilele cha takriban 468 nm na upana wa nusu ya 26 nm, ikithibitisha utoaji wa mwanga wa bluu.
- Mode ya Mtazamo:Grafu ya Kuratibu za Polar, inayoonyesha muundo wa mionzi usio na ulinganifu (110° x 40°), muhimu kwa muundo wa optiki unaoelekeza mwanga kwenye eneo linalohitajika kwenye alama.
5. Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungashaji
5.1 Package Dimensions
This LED employs a specific elliptical lens package. The key dimensional specifications in the datasheet include:
- All dimensions are in millimeters (mm).
- Standard tolerance is ±0.25 mm unless otherwise specified.
- Maximum resin protrusion under the flange is 1.5 mm.
- Baada ya kukatwa kwa nyuzi za kuunganisha, sehemu hiyo huonyesha aloi ya shaba isiyofunikwa. Ikiwa haitahifadhiwa vizuri wakati wa kukusanywa au kutiwa safu ya ulinzi, eneo hili linaweza kuathiriwa na oksidi.
Imerejelea mchoro halisi wa vipimo, lakini maandishi hayajaelezea kwa kina. Uundaji huu umeundwa kwa ajili ya usakinishaji kupitia tundu (DIP).
6. Soldering and Assembly Guide
6.1 Uundaji wa Pini
- Kupinda lazima kutokea angalau 3 mm kutoka chini ya taa ya epoxy ili kuzuia mkazo kwenye chipi ya ndani na waya za kuunganisha.
- Pinning must be completedduring the soldering processbefore.
- Avoid applying stress to the LED package during the bending process.
- Kata fremu ya waya kwenye halijoto ya kawaida. Kukata kwa joto la juu kunaweza kusababisha mshtuko wa joto.
- Mashimo ya PCB lazima yawe sawasawa na pini za LED. Kutolingana husababisha mkazo kwenye pini na kupunguza utendaji wa epoxy na LED.
6.2 Masharti ya Uhifadhi
- Masharti yanayopendekezwa ya uhifadhi: ≤30°C na ≤70% unyevunyevu wa jamaa (RH).
- Urefu wa maisha ya uhifadhi chini ya masharti haya: miezi 3 tangu usafirishaji.
- Kwa uhifadhi wa muda mrefu zaidi (hadi mwaka 1), tafadhali weka LED ndani ya chombo kilichotiwa na nitrojeni na kifungu cha kukaushia.
- Epuka mabadiliko ya haraka ya joto katika unyevu mwingi ili kuzuia umande, ambao unaweza kusababisha uvujaji wa unyevu na kushindwa wakati wa kuunganisha ("popcorn" effect).
6.3 Welding Process
Detailed recommendations for hand soldering and wave soldering are provided.
- General Rules:Weka umbali wa chini wa mm 3 kati ya mwamba wa kuunganishia na taa ya LED ya epoxy.
- Uchomeaji kwa Mkono:Joto la ncha ya chuma la kuchomea ≤300°C (inayofaa kwa chuma cha kuchomea cha W 30 kiwango cha juu). Muda wa uchomeaji kwa kila pini ≤ sekunde 3.
- Wave/DIP soldering:
- Preheat temperature: ≤100°C (duration ≤60 seconds).
- Solder pot temperature: ≤260°C.
- Muda wa kuuza bati ndani ya chombo: ≤5 sekunde.
- Epuka kutumia mkazo kwenye pini wakati LED iko kwenye joto la juu.
- Usifanye uuzaji wa umeme (kwa kuzamisha au kwa mkono) zaidi ya mara moja kwa LED moja.
- Baada ya kuuza, linda taa ya epoxy ya LED kutokana na mshtuko/mtetemo wa mitambo kabla ya kupoa hadi joto la kawaida.
- Epuka kupoa haraka kutoka kwa joto la kilele la kuuza.
Inarejelea mkunjo wa joto ulipendekezwa wa kuchomelea, kwa kawaida unaonyesha mchakato wa kupanda kwa joto, joto la awali, joto la kilele (260°C) na kupoa kwa udhibiti.
7. Ufungaji na Taarifa za Kuagiza
7.1 Vipimo vya Ufungaji
LEDs are packaged in anti-static materials with clear labeling.
- Primary Packaging:500 pieces per anti-static bag.
- Secondary Packaging:5 bags are packed into one inner box (total 2,500 pieces).
- Packaging Level 3:10 inner boxes are packed into one master carton (25,000 pieces in total).
7.2 Label Information
Lebo na sanduku zina lebo zenye habari muhimu za kufuatilia na kutumia kwa usahihi:
- CPN (Customer Part Number):Nambari ya kumbukumbu ya ndani ya mteja.
- P/N (Production Part Number):Manufacturer Part Number (e.g., 5484BN/BADC-AGJA/P/MS).
- QTY (Quantity):Idadi ya vipande vilivyomo kwenye ufungashaji.
- CAT (Kategoria):Msimbo wa kiwango cha mchanganyiko wa kiwango cha mwanga na voltage ya mbele (kwa mfano, H1-2).
- HUE:Kiwango cha msimbo wa kiwango cha urefu wa wimbi kuu (mfano, 1b).
- REF (Kumbukumbu):Taarifa za ziada za kumbukumbu.
- LOT No:Nambari ya kundi ya uzalishaji inayoweza kufuatiliwa.
- Production Place:Onyesha nchi ya uzalishaji.
8. Application Recommendations
8.1 Mandhari ya Kawaida ya Utumiaji
Kama ilivyoelezwa katika vipimo, LED hii imeundwa kwa matumizi yafuatayo:
- Alama za rangi za picha na ubao wa habari:Nguvu yake kubwa na mwanga wake wa mviringo hufanya iwe chaguo bora kwa taa za nyuma za alama au mwanga wa moja kwa moja, kuhakikisha usomaji.
- Variable Message Signs (VMS):Used on highways, at airports, and in public transport systems. The grading system ensures color and brightness consistency across large multi-LED displays.
- Commercial Outdoor Advertising:Epoxy resin ya kupinga mionzi ya ultraviolet na muundo thabiti unasaidia uimara wa muda mrefu katika mazingira magumu ya nje yanayokabiliwa na jua na hali ya hewa.
- Alama za habari kwa abiria:Muundo maalum wa mionzi ya angani umekusudiwa kuchanganyika na LED nyekundu na kijani, kuunda rangi mbalimbali katika skrini za rangi kamili.
8.2 Design Considerations
- Drive Circuit:Use a constant current driver set to 20mA (or lower to reduce brightness/power consumption) to ensure stable operation and long lifespan. When designing the series string, consider VFBinning.
- Usimamizi wa Joto:Ingawa matumizi ya nguvu ya kila LED ni 100mW tu, safu mnene katika alama zilizofungwa hutoa joto kubwa. Hakikisha uingizaji hewa wa kutosha au upotezaji joto ili kudumisha halijoto ya kiungo ndani ya mipaka salama, na hivyo kudumisha pato la mwanga na maisha ya huduma.
- Ubunifu wa Kioo:Tumia pembe ya mtazamo ya 110° x 40°. Elekeza LED ili mhimili wa 110° ufunike eneo la usawa linalohitajika la kutazama. Ikiwa ni lazima, tumia vifaa vya pili vya macho (vipande vya kusambaza, lenzi) ili kuiboresha zaidi umbo la mwale.
- Kinga dhidi ya Umeme wa Tuli (ESD):Ingawa kiwango cha ESD ni 1kV, bado ni muhimu kutumia hatua za kawaida za kuzuia ESD wakati wa usindikaji na usanikishaji.
9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation
Ingawa hati ya maelezo hailinganishi moja kwa moja na aina nyingine, sifa kuu za kipekee za LED hii zinaweza kudaiwa:
- Lensi ya mviringo duara vs. Lensi ya kawaida ya mviringo:Tofauti kuu. Lenzi ya mviringo-mdundo hutoa muundo wa mionzi wa mstatili, ukilinganisha na doa la mviringo la lenzi ya duara, ni bora zaidi kwa kuangazia eneo la alama la mstatili, na hupunguza upotevu wa mwanga.
- Muundo wa mionzi unaolingana unatumiwa kwa kuchanganya rangi:Spec inaelezea wazi kuwa muundo wa mionzi unafaa kwa matumizi ya kuchanganya nyekundu/kijani kibichi/bluu. Hii inaonyesha usanifu wa optics ulioangaliwa kwa makini ili kuhakikisha mchanganyiko wa rangi sawasawa katika vikundi vya pikseli za RGB kutoka pembe tofauti za mtazamo.
- Ngazi za ukali wa juu:Provides a step of up to 1450mcd, offering a high-brightness option for sunlight-readable applications.
- UV-Resistant Epoxy:Crucial for long-term outdoor lifespan, it prevents yellowing of the encapsulation material and a decrease in light transmittance over time.
10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Teknolojia)
10.1 Je, Peak Wavelength na Dominant Wavelength zinatofautianaje?
Peak Wavelength (λp~468 nm)Ni urefu wa mawimbi ambao LED hutoa nguvu ya juu zaidi ya mwanga.Wavelength kuu (λd465-475 nm)Ni urefu wa mawimbi ya mwanga wa rangi moja ambao jicho la binadamu linaona kuwa sawa na rangi ya LED. Urefu wa mawimbi kuu unahusiana zaidi na vipimo vya rangi katika vionyeshi.
10.2 Can I continuously drive this LED at 30mA to achieve maximum brightness?
Ndiyo, 30mA ndio mkondo mkubwa zaidi unaoendelea mbele. Hata hivyo, kufanya kazi kwenye viwango vya juu zaidi kunazalisha joto zaidi, na kunaweza kuharakisha kupungua kwa mtiririko wa mwanga kwa muda. Kwa maisha bora na uaminifu, inashauriwa kuendesha kwenye au chini ya mkondo wa majaribio wa 20mA, isipokuwa mwangaza wa juu ni muhimu sana na usimamizi wa joto ni bora sana.
10.3 How to interpret the grading codes (e.g., H1-2, 1b) when placing an order?
Msimbo wa "CAT" (k.m., H1-2) unachanganya kiwango cha nguvu ya mwanga (H1 = 860-1030 mcd) na kiwango cha voltage ya mbele (2 = 3.2-3.4V). Msimbo wa "HUE" (k.m., 1b = 467.5-470.0 nm) unabainisha kiwango cha urefu wa wimbi kuu. Kubainisha viwango hivi kuhakikisha unapata LED zilizogawanywa kwa makundi madogo ya sifa za utendaji, na hivyo kufanikisha muonekano thabiti.
10.4 Why is the storage life limited to 3 months? What happens if this period is exceeded?
The 3-month limit under standard factory conditions (≤30°C/70%RH) is to prevent moisture absorption through the plastic package. After 3 months, the moisture level may exceed the safe limit for soldering, posing a risk of internal delamination or cracking ("popcorn" effect) during high-temperature reflow. For longer-term storage, a dry nitrogen environment prevents moisture ingress, extending the safe storage period to one year.
11. Uchambuzi wa Kesi ya Usanifu
Scenario: Designing a High-Brightness Outdoor Variable Message Sign (VMS)
- Uchambuzi wa Mahitaji:Alama lazima zisomeke chini ya jua, zifanye kazi katika halijoto ya -20°C hadi +60°C, na ziwe na muonekano wa rangi sawasawa.
- Uchaguzi wa LED:Hii duara la bluu la LED lilianguliwa kwa sababu ya nguvu yake kubwa (chagua kiwango cha J1 kwa mwangaza wa juu zaidi), epoksi inayostahimili mionzi ya ultraviolet inayofaa kwa matumizi ya nje, na muundo wa mionzi unaolingana na LED nyekundu na kijani kwa mchanganyiko wa rangi.
- Ubunifu wa Umeme:LED zimepangwa katika safu mfululizo. Kichocheo ni cha aina ya mkondo wa kudumu, kimewekwa kwa 18mA (kidogo chini ya 20mA ili kuacha ukingo). Tumia V ya hali mbaya zaidiF(3.6V kutoka kiwango cha 3) ili kuhesabu voltage ya chini inayohitajika kwa kila safu mfululizo ya kichocheo.
- Thermal Design:The PCB uses a Metal Core Printed Circuit Board (MCPCB) to effectively conduct heat away from the LED array. Thermal simulation is performed to ensure the LED junction temperature remains below 85°C at the maximum ambient temperature.
- Optical and Mechanical Design:Wakati wa kusakinisha LED, mhimili wake wa digrii 110 unapaswa kuwa sawa na alama kwa usawa. Weka kipande cha pili cha kutawanya juu ya safu, ili kuunganisha mwanga wa LED mmoja mmoja kuwa ubao wa mwanga laini na sawasawa.
- Ununuzi na Usanikishaji:Unapoomba LED, taja msimbo wa kikundi (kwa mfano, kiwango cha nguvu J1, kiwango cha urefu wa wimbi 2a) ili kuhakikisha uthabiti katika vyote vikundi vya uzalishaji. Wakati wa usanikishaji, fuata kwa uangalifu mkunjo wa joto wa kuunganisha na mwongozo wa uhifadhi.
12. Kanuni ya Uendeshaji
LED hii inategemea chipu ya semikondukta ya InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride). Unapotumia voltage chanya inayozidi kizingiti cha diode (takriban 2.8-3.6V), elektroni na mashimo huingizwa kwenye eneo lenye ufanisi la semikondukta. Hizi hujumlishwa tena na kutolea nishati kwa njia ya fotoni. Muundo maalum wa aloi ya InGaN huamua nishati ya pengo la bendi, na kwa hivyo huamua urefu wa wimbi la mwanga unaotolewa—kwa mfano huu, ni wigo wa bluu (takriban 468 nm). Lensi ya mviringo ya epoksi inayozunguka chipu hufanya kazi kama kifaa kikuu cha optiki, ikipindua na kuunda mwanga unaotolewa kuwa muundo unaohitajika wa mionzi ya 110° x 40°.
13. Mwelekeo wa Teknolojia
LEDs for signage continue to evolve. While this datasheet represents a mature through-hole (DIP) product, the overall industry trends include:
- Efficiency improvement (lm/W):Updated chip technology and phosphors allow for higher light output at the same or lower drive currents, reducing power consumption and thermal load.
- Kupitwa kwa Vifaa vya Kufungia kwenye Uso (SMD):Ikilinganishwa na kufungia kwa jadi kwa DIP, kufungia kwa SMD huruhusu msongamano mkubwa zaidi, usanikishaji wa kiotomatiki, na kwa kawaida huwa na njia bora zaidi za joto, ingawa DIP bado inatumika katika baadhi ya miundo ya nguvu kubwa au ya jadi.
- Uboreshaji wa Uonyeshaji Rangi na Anuwai ya Rangi:Maendeleo katika nyenzo za semiconductor na mifumo ya phosphor yamefanya LED ziwe na kilele cha wigo nyembamba na rangi zilizojazwa zaidi, na hivyo kupanua uwanda wa rangi wa maonyesho ya rangi kamili.
- Ujumuishaji wa vipengele vya akili:Baadhi ya LED za kisasa za alama zinaunganisha madereva vilivyojengwa ndani (IC-driven LED) au uwezo wa kufikiwa, na hivyo kurahisisha muundo wa mfumo.
- Uimarishaji wa kuegemea na maisha:Uboreshaji endelevu wa nyenzo za ufungaji, kwa mfano kutumia silikoni yenye nguvu zaidi badala ya epoksi katika baadhi ya matumizi ya nguvu ya juu, umesababisha maisha marefu ya uendeshaji na uvumilivu bora wa mazingira magumu.
Bidhaa inayoelezewa katika maelezo ya vipimo hivi, katika muktadha huu, ni kifaa maalum kilichoboreshwa kwa macho kwa ajili ya eneo maalum la matumizi (ambapo muundo wake wa mwanga wa mviringo-mduara na utoaji wa nguvu ya juu hutoa faida dhahiri).
Ufafanuzi wa Istilahi za Vipimo vya LED
Maelezo kamili ya istilahi za kiteknolojia ya LED
I. Viashiria muhimu vya utendaji wa mwanga na umeme
| Terminology | Unit/Representation | Layman's Explanation | Kwa Nini Ni Muhimu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ufanisi wa Mwanga (Luminous Efficacy) | lm/W (lumens per watt) | The luminous flux emitted per watt of electrical power; the higher the value, the more energy-efficient. | It directly determines the energy efficiency rating of the luminaire and the electricity cost. |
| Mfumuko wa Mwanga (Luminous Flux) | lm (lumen) | Jumla ya mwanga unaotolewa na chanzo cha mwanga, unaojulikana kwa jina la "mwangaza". | Huamua kama taa inatosha kuwa na mwangaza. |
| Pembe ya kuona (Viewing Angle) | ° (digrii), kama 120° | Pembe ambayo nguvu ya mwanga hupungua hadi nusu, inayoamua upana wa boriti ya mwanga. | Inapata ushawishi kwenye upeo na usawa wa mwanga. |
| Joto la rangi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), kama 2700K/6500K | Joto la rangi ya mwanga, thamani ya chini inaelekea manjano/joto, thamani ya juu inaelekea nyeupe/baridi. | Huamua mazingira ya taa na matumizi yanayofaa. |
| Color Rendering Index (CRI / Ra) | Unitless, 0–100 | The ability of a light source to reproduce the true colors of objects, with Ra≥80 being preferable. | Inaathiri ukweli wa rangi, hutumika katika maeneo yenye mahitaji makubwa kama maduka makubwa, majumba ya sanaa. |
| Tofauti ya uvumilivu wa rangi (SDCM) | MacAdam ellipse steps, such as "5-step" | A quantitative indicator of color consistency; a smaller step number indicates better color consistency. | Ensure no color difference among luminaires from the same batch. |
| Mzunguko mkuu wa mawimbi (Dominant Wavelength) | nm (nanometer), k.m. 620nm (nyekundu) | Wavelength values corresponding to the colors of colored LEDs. | Determines the hue of monochromatic LEDs such as red, yellow, and green. |
| Spectral Distribution | Mkunjo wa Urefu wa Mawimbi dhidi ya Ukubwa | Inaonyesha usambazaji wa ukubwa wa mwanga unaotolewa na LED katika urefu wa mawimbi tofauti. | Inapotosha uhalisi wa rangi na ubora wa rangi. |
II. Vigezo vya Umeme
| Terminology | Ishara | Layman's Explanation | Mazingatio ya Ubunifu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forward Voltage (Forward Voltage) | Vf | The minimum voltage required to light up an LED, similar to a "starting threshold". | The driving power supply voltage must be ≥ Vf; the voltages add up when multiple LEDs are connected in series. |
| Mfuko wa Mbele (Forward Current) | If | The current value that makes the LED emit light normally. | Constant current drive is often used, as the current determines brightness and lifespan. |
| Maximum Pulse Current | Ifp | Kilele cha mkondo kinachoweza kustahimili kwa muda mfupi, kinachotumiwa kwa kudimisha au kumulika. | Upanaaji wa upana wa msukumo na uwiano wa kazi lazima udhibitiwe kwa uangalifu, vinginevyo kunaweza kuharibika kwa joto kupita kiasi. |
| Reverse Voltage | Vr | Upeo wa voltage ya nyuma ambayo LED inaweza kustahimili, ikiwa unazidi hii inaweza kuharibika. | Katika mzunguko, ni muhimu kuzuia kuunganishwa kinyume au mshtuko wa voltage. |
| Upinzani wa Joto (Thermal Resistance) | Rth (°C/W) | Upinzani wa joto unapopita kutoka kwenye chip hadi kwenye sehemu ya kuunganishia, thamani ya chini inaonyesha usambazaji bora wa joto. | Upinzani wa joto wa juu unahitaji muundo wenye nguvu zaidi wa kupoza joto, vinginevyo joto la kiungo litaongezeka. |
| ESD Immunity | V (HBM), kama 1000V | Uwezo wa kukabiliana na mshtuko wa umeme wa tuli, thamani ya juu zaidi inamaanisha uwezekano mdogo wa kuharibika kwa mshtuko wa tuli. | Hatua za kinga dhidi ya umeme wa tuli zinahitajika katika uzalishaji, hasa kwa LED zenye usikivu mkubwa. |
III. Thermal Management and Reliability
| Terminology | Key Indicators | Layman's Explanation | Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Junction Temperature | Tj (°C) | The actual operating temperature inside the LED chip. | For every 10°C reduction, the lifespan may double; excessively high temperatures cause lumen depreciation and color shift. |
| Kupungua kwa Mwangaza (Lumen Depreciation) | L70 / L80 (saa) | Muda unaohitajika kwa mwangaza kushuka hadi 70% au 80% ya thamani ya awali. | Kufafanua moja kwa moja "maisha ya huduma" ya LED. |
| Lumen Maintenance | % (e.g., 70%) | The percentage of remaining brightness after a period of use. | Characterizes the ability to maintain brightness after long-term use. |
| Mabadiliko ya rangi (Color Shift) | Δu′v′ au MacAdam ellipses | Kiwango cha mabadiliko ya rangi wakati wa matumizi. | Inaathiri uthabiti wa rangi katika eneo la taa. |
| Thermal Aging | Kupungua kwa sifa za nyenzo | Uharibifu wa nyenzo za ufungaji unaosababishwa na joto la juu kwa muda mrefu. | Inaweza kusababisha kupungua kwa mwangaza, mabadiliko ya rangi au kushindwa kwa mzunguko wazi. |
Nne. Ufungaji na Nyenzo
| Terminology | Aina za Kawaida | Layman's Explanation | Sifa na Matumizi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aina ya Ufungaji | EMC, PPA, Ceramic | A housing material that protects the chip and provides optical and thermal interfaces. | EMC offers good heat resistance and low cost; ceramic provides superior heat dissipation and long lifespan. |
| Muundo wa Chip | Usakinishaji wa Kawaida, Usakinishaji wa Kugeuzwa (Flip Chip) | Chip electrode arrangement method. | Flip-chip offers better heat dissipation and higher luminous efficacy, suitable for high-power applications. |
| Phosphor coating. | YAG, silicate, nitride | Coated on the blue LED chip, partially converted to yellow/red light, mixed to form white light. | Different phosphors affect luminous efficacy, color temperature, and color rendering. |
| Lens/Optical Design | Flat, microlens, total internal reflection | Optical structure on the packaging surface, controlling light distribution. | Determines the emission angle and light distribution curve. |
V. Udhibiti wa Ubora na Uainishaji
| Terminology | Yaliyomo ya Uainishaji | Layman's Explanation | Kusudi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mgawanyiko wa Flux ya Mwanga | Msimbo kama vile 2G, 2H | Group by brightness level, each group has a minimum/maximum lumen value. | Ensure consistent brightness for products in the same batch. |
| Voltage binning | Codes such as 6W, 6X | Grouped by forward voltage range. | Inafaa kwa kuendana na chanzo cha umeme cha kuendesha, kuboresha ufanisi wa mfumo. |
| Kugawanya kwa makundi kulingana na rangi | 5-step MacAdam ellipse | Group by color coordinates to ensure colors fall within an extremely small range. | Ensure color consistency to avoid color unevenness within the same luminaire. |
| Color Temperature Grading | 2700K, 3000K, etc. | Group by color temperature, each group has a corresponding coordinate range. | Kukidhi mahitaji ya joto la rangi katika mazingira tofauti. |
Sita, Upimaji na Uthibitishaji
| Terminology | Standard/Test | Layman's Explanation | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Lumen Maintenance Test | Long-term operation under constant temperature conditions, recording luminance attenuation data. | For estimating LED lifetime (in conjunction with TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Lifetime extrapolation standard | Projecting lifespan under actual use conditions based on LM-80 data. | Providing scientific life prediction. |
| IESNA Standard | Illuminating Engineering Society Standard | Covers optical, electrical, and thermal testing methods. | Msingi wa vipimo unaokubalika katika tasnia. |
| RoHS / REACH | Uthibitisho wa Mazingira | Hakikisha bidhaa hazina vitu hatari (kama risasi, zebaki). | Masharti ya kuingia kwenye soko la kimataifa. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Uthibitisho wa ufanisi wa nishati | Uthibitishaji wa ufanisi wa nishati na utendaji wa bidhaa za taa. | Inatumika kwa kawaida katika ununuzi wa serikali na miradi ya ruzuku, kuimarisha ushindani wa soko. |