Table of Contents
- 1. Product Overview
- 2. Technical Parameter Analysis
- 2.1 Viwango vya Juu Kabisa
- 2.2 Tabia za Kielektroniki na Mwanga
- 3. Grading System Description
- 3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning
- 3.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning
- 3.3 Forward Voltage Binning
- 4. Performance Curve Analysis
- 4.1 Nguvu ya Uhusiano dhidi ya Wimbi
- 4.2 Directivity Pattern
- 4.3 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)
- 4.4 Relative Intensity vs. Forward Current
- 4.5 Thermal Characteristics
- 5. Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungaji
- 5.1 Package Size
- 5.2 Polarity Identification
- 6. Welding and Assembly Guide
- 7. Packaging and Ordering Information
- 7.1 Ufungaji wa Kinga ya Unyevu
- 7.2 Tape and Reel Specification
- 7.3 Package Quantity
- 7.4 Label Description and Part Number
- 8. Application Recommendations
- 8.1 Mandhari ya Kawaida ya Utumizi
- 8.2 Design Considerations
- 9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation
- 10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)
- 11. Uchunguzi wa Kesi za Matumizi ya Ubunifu
- 12. Introduction to Technical Principles
- 13. Technology Trends and Background
1. Product Overview
Hii hati inaelezea kwa kina vipimo vya taa ya LED ya umbo la duaradufu yenye utendaji wa hali ya juu. Lengo kuu la muundo wa kipengee hiki ni kutumika kama chanzo cha mwanga cha kuaminika na cha ufanisi kwa mifumo ya habari kwa abiria na matumizi mbalimbali ya alama. Muundo wake wa kipekee wa optiki na umbo umeundwa mahsusi kukidhi mahitaji maalum ya kuonyesha kwa uwazi katika mazingira ya ndani na nje.
Faida kuu ya LED hii ni pamoja na pato lake la juu la nguvu ya mwanga, linalohakikisha kuonekana bora hata chini ya hali za mwanga wa kutosha. Umbo la duaradufu na muundo wa mionzi uliofikiriwa vizuri hutoa usambazaji wa mwanga wa anga ulio wazi, ambao ni muhimu sana kwa taa sawa ya paneli za alama. Zaidi ya hayo, kipengee hiki kimeundwa kwa kuzingatia maisha marefu, kwa kutumia epoksi inayopinga mnururisho wa ultraviolet, na kufuata viwango vikuu vya kimazingira na usalama kama vile RoHS, REACH ya Umoja wa Ulaya na mahitaji ya hakuna halojeni, na kukifanya kifaa kinachofaa kwa soko la kimataifa na mazoea ya muundo endelevu.
Soko lengwa linajumuisha wazalishaji wa vifaa vya miundombinu ya usafiri, mifumo ya matangazo ya kibiashara na vionyeshi vya habari vya umma. Matumizi yake makuu ni katika alama za rangi za picha, bodi za habari na alama za habari zinazobadilika (VMS), ambapo mchanganyiko thabiti wa rangi (hasa na vipengele vya manjano, bluu au kijani) na utendaji unaoaminika ni muhimu sana.
2. Technical Parameter Analysis
2.1 Viwango vya Juu Kabisa
Kifaa hiki kimeundwa kufanya kazi kwa uaminifu ndani ya mipaka ya juu kabisa ifuatayo. Kuzidi viwango hivi kunaweza kusababisha uharibifu wa kudumu.
- Reverse voltage (VR):5 V. Hii inafafanua voltage ya juu ya reverse ambayo inaweza kutumiwa kwenye terminali za LED.
- Forward current (IF):50 mA (continuous). The recommended maximum continuous current during normal operation.
- Peak forward current (IFP):160 mA. Hii ndiyo mkondo wa juu unaoruhusiwa wa msukumo, kawaida huwekwa chini ya hali ya mzunguko wa 1 kHz na uwiano wa kazi wa 1/10. Ni muhimu kwa muundo unaohusisha kuzidisha njia nyingi au msukumo mfupi wa mkondo wa juu.
- Matumizi ya nguvu (Pd):120 mW. Nguvu ya juu ambayo kifurushi kinaweza kutawanya bila kuzidi kikomo chake cha joto, ikikokotolewa kama bidhaa ya voltage ya mbele na mkondo.
- Joto la uendeshaji (Topr):-40°C to +85°C. The ambient temperature range within which the device is guaranteed to operate normally.
- Storage temperature (Tstg):-40°C to +100°C. The safe storage temperature range when the device is not powered.
- Junction temperature (Tj):110°C. The maximum allowable temperature for the semiconductor junction inside the LED.
- Soldering temperature (Tsol):260°C kwa sekunde 5. Hii inafafanua uvumilivu wa mkunjo wa kulehemu reflow, muhimu kwa mchakato wa usanikishaji wa PCB.
2.2 Tabia za Kielektroniki na Mwanga
Vigezo hivi vinapimwa chini ya hali za kawaida za majaribio (Ta=25°C, IF=20mA), defines the core performance of the LED.
- Luminous intensity (Iv):1220 - 2040 mcd (millicandela). This indicates the amount of visible light emitted in a specific direction. The wide range is managed through a binning system (see Section 3).
- Viewing angle (2θ1/2):110° (X-axis) / 40° (Y-axis). This asymmetric elliptical beam pattern is a key feature. The wide 110° viewing angle is ideal for horizontal viewing of signage, while the narrower 40° vertical viewing angle helps concentrate the light, improving efficiency for the viewer.
- Peak Wavelength (λp):632 nm (Typical). The wavelength at which the spectral power distribution reaches its maximum.
- Wavelength kuu (λd):619 - 628 nm. Hii inafafanua rangi inayohisiwa ya mwanga, iko katika wigo wa nyekundu. Pia inasimamiwa na kundi.
- Upana wa mionzi ya wigo (Δλ):20 nm (kawaida). Upana wa wigo wa utoaji kwenye nusu ya kiwango cha juu cha nguvu (FWHM).
- Forward Voltage (VF):1.8 - 2.4 V. The voltage drop across the LED under test current drive. This range is managed through binning and influences the design of the drive circuit.
- Reverse Current (IR):10 μA (max) at VR=5V. Measures the leakage current of the diode in the off state.
3. Grading System Description
Ili kuhakikisha uthabiti wa utendaji katika uzalishaji wa kiwango kikubwa, LED huzorwa katika vikundi tofauti kulingana na vigezo muhimu. Hii inawawezesha wasanifu kuchagua vipengele vinavyokidhi mahitaji yao maalum ya mwangaza na rangi.
3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning
Kigawanyiko kinafafanuliwa kwa uvumilivu wa ±10% ya thamani ya kawaida.
- Kigawanyiko H2:1220 - 1440 mcd
- Gear J1:1440 - 1720 mcd
- Gear J2:1720 - 2040 mcd
Choosing a higher gear (e.g., J2) ensures a higher minimum brightness, which may be necessary for applications requiring maximum visibility or to compensate for optical losses in sign diffusers.
3.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning
Viwango vinahakikisha usawa wa rangi, na uvumilivu mkali wa ±1 nm.
- Kipimo 1:619 - 622 nm
- Gear 2:622 - 625 nm
- Gear 3:625 - 628 nm
For color mixing applications (e.g., used with yellow or green LEDs), selecting LEDs from the same or adjacent wavelength bins is crucial to achieve the desired final color with minimal variation between units.
3.3 Forward Voltage Binning
Bin tolerance is ±0.1V.
- Kipimo 1:1.8 - 2.0 V
- Gear 2:2.0 - 2.2 V
- Gear 3:2.2 - 2.4 V
Kutumia LED kutoka kwa kiwango sawa cha voltage kurahisisha hesabu za upinzani wa kudhibiti mkondo katika safu za mfululizo au sambamba, kuhakikisha usambazaji sare zaidi wa mkondo na mwangaza.
4. Performance Curve Analysis
The provided characteristic curves reveal the behavior of the LED under different conditions.
4.1 Nguvu ya Uhusiano dhidi ya Wimbi
This spectral distribution curve confirms a monochromatic red light output centered at 632 nm, with a typical bandwidth of 20 nm. The narrow spectrum is characteristic of AlGaInP material technology, providing ideal saturated color purity for identification applications.
4.2 Directivity Pattern
Mchoro wa mionzi wa kuratibu polar unaonyesha wazi mtazamo usio na ulinganifu wa 110° x 40°. Mchoro huu unaonyesha duaradufu iliyofafanuliwa wazi, ikithibitisha mionzi ya anga iliyodhibitiwa inayodaiwa katika sifa. Hali hii imebuniwa ili kufanana na uwiano wa upana-kimo wa kawaida wa sehemu ya kuonyesha habari.
4.3 Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (I-V Curve)
This curve illustrates the typical exponential relationship of a diode. The forward voltage increases with the current. Designers use this curve to determine the operating point and design appropriate drive circuits (constant current drive is recommended for LEDs). This curve also aids in understanding the dynamic resistance of the device.
4.4 Relative Intensity vs. Forward Current
This curve shows the light output (luminous intensity) of an LED as a function of the drive current. It is typically linear within a certain range but saturates at higher currents due to thermal effects and efficiency droop. Operating at or below the recommended value of 50mA ensures optimal efficiency and lifetime.
4.5 Thermal Characteristics
AboutRelative Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature和Forward Current vs. Ambient TemperatureMiongozo ya joto ni muhimu kwa usimamizi wa joto. Zinaonyesha nguvu ya mwanga inapungua kadri halijoto ya mazingira inavyoongezeka, ambayo ni jambo la kawaida kwa LED zote. Kinyume chake, kwa usukumaji wa voltage thabiti, sasa ya mbele kwa kawaida huongezeka kadri halijoto inavyoongezeka kutokana na mgawo hasi wa joto wa V.FMgawo hasi wa joto, unaonyesha umuhimu wa vifaa vya usukumaji wa sasa thabiti katika kudumisha utendakazi thabiti katika anuwai ya halijoto.
5. Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungaji
5.1 Package Size
This LED is supplied in a Surface-Mount Device (SMD) package. Key dimensional specifications include:
- Unless otherwise specified, all dimensions are in millimeters.
- Tolela ya kawaida ya ±0.25mm inatumika kwa vipimo vingi.
- Utoaji wa juu unaoruhusiwa wa resini chini ya flange ya kipengele ni 1.5mm, ambayo ni muhimu kwa hesabu ya nafasi ya PCB.
- Mchoro wa spec unaelezea aina mbili: moja yenye muundo wa kizuizi na moja isiyo nao. Muundo wa kizuizi unaweza kusaidia usahihi wa uwekaji wakati wa usanikishaji au kutoa sehemu maalum ya kufikia kimwili.
Mchoro wa kina unabainisha umbali wa pini, vipimo vya mwili, na urefu wa jumla, ambavyo ni muhimu kwa kuunda kifurushi sahihi cha PCB na kuhakikisha kuwekewa kwa usahihi na mashine ya kushona.
5.2 Polarity Identification
Ingawa hakuna maelezo ya kina katika maandishi yaliyotolewa, kifurushi cha kawaida cha LED kwa kawaida hutumia alama za kuona, kama vile pengo, ukingo wa gorofa kwenye lenzi au pini zenye umbo tofauti kuashiria cathode. Muundo wa kifurushi cha PCB lazima uendane na alama hii ya polarity, ili kuhakikisha mwelekeo sahihi wakati wa kuunganisha.
6. Welding and Assembly Guide
Usindikaji sahihi ni muhimu kudumisha uadilifu na utendaji wa kifaa.
- Lead forming:If through-hole mounting is required after receipt, leads must be bent at a minimum of 3mm from the bottom of the epoxy bulb. All forming operations must be在completed before soldering to avoid transferring stress to the semiconductor junction.
- Stress Avoidance:During handling and placement, avoid applying mechanical stress to the LED package or its leads. Forcing leads into misaligned PCB holes may cause resin cracking or internal damage, leading to premature failure.
- Lead Cutting:Kupunguzwa kwa pini kifanyike kwenye halijoto ya kawaida. Matumizi ya zana za moto za kukata yanaweza kuharibu muunganisho wa waya wa ndani.
- Uchimbaji wa mwamba:Kifaa hiki kinaweza kustahimili halijoto ya kilele ya kuunganisha hadi 260°C kwa sekunde 5, ambayo inalingana na mkunjo wa kawaida wa uchimbaji wa mwamba usio na risasi (SnAgCu). Ni muhimu kufuata mkunjo ulipendekezwa ili kuepuka mshtuko wa joto.
7. Packaging and Ordering Information
7.1 Ufungaji wa Kinga ya Unyevu
Components are supplied in moisture barrier packaging suitable for long-term storage and compatible with standard SMD tape-and-reel automated assembly equipment.
7.2 Tape and Reel Specification
Provides detailed dimensions of the carrier tape, including:
- Component pitch (F):2.54 mm
- Belt Width (W3):18.00 mm
- Pitch (P) of Reel Feed Holes:12.70 mm
- Total Thickness with Packaging (T):Upeo wa 1.42 mm
Vipimo hivi vimewekwa viwango ili kuhakikisha utangamano na vifaa vya kusanikishaji kiotomatiki.
7.3 Package Quantity
- Kila kisanduku cha ndani kina vidonge 2000.
- Kila kisanduku kikuu (cha nje) kina visanduku 10 vya ndani, jumla ya vidonge 20,000 kwa kisanduku kikuu.
7.4 Label Description and Part Number
The reel label contains key information for traceability and correct application:
- CPN:Customer Part Number
- P/N:Manufacturer Part Number (e.g., 5484BN/R7DC-AHJB/XR/MS)
- CAT, HUE, REF:Codes that respectively represent the specific grading of luminous intensity, dominant wavelength, and forward voltage.
- LOT No:Production lot number used for quality control traceability.
Mfumo wa nambari ya sehemu unaruhusu kuchagua toleo maalum, kwa mfano, lenye au lisilo na muundo wa kuzuia (mfano, /R/MS ikilinganishwa na /PR/MS).
8. Application Recommendations
8.1 Mandhari ya Kawaida ya Utumizi
- Alama za Habari kwa Abiria (PIS):Inatumika katika mabasi, treni na viwanja vya ndege, kuonyesha njia, marudio na ujumbe.
- Alama za Habari zinazoweza kubadilika (VMS):Used on highways to display traffic alerts, speed limits, and AMBER/Silver Alerts.
- Commercial Outdoor Advertising:Used for large digital billboards and signage.
- Bodi ya Habari:Inatumika kwenye uwanja wa michezo, skrini za habari za kifedha na paneli za udhibiti wa viwanda.
8.2 Design Considerations
- Current Drive:Always use a constant current driver or current limiting resistor. The recommended operating current is 20mA for testing, but considering heat dissipation, the design can be optimized up to a maximum of 50mA.
- Thermal Management:Ingawa matumizi ya nguvu yakiwa chini kiasi (hadi 120mW), bado inashauriwa kutumia mpangilio bora wa PCB wenye eneo la shaba la kutosha la kupoza joto, hasa kwa safu zenye msongamano mkubwa au mazingira yenye joto la juu. Hii inasaidia kudumisha mwanga unaotolewa na maisha ya kifaa.
- Ubunifu wa Optics:Muundo wa mwanga usio na ulinganifu (110°x40°) unapaswa kuendana na mpangilio wa onyesho. Kwa mfano, katika onyesho la maandishi ya mlalo, weka mhimili wa digrii 110 wa LED kwa usawa, ili kuongeza eneo la kutazama.
- Mchanganyiko wa Rangi:Wakati inatumika pamoja na rangi nyingine (manjano, bluu, kijani), hakikisha LED zote zinatokana na safu madhubuti ya urefu wa wimbi ili kufikia mchanganyiko wa rangi thabiti na unaotabirika (k.m., vivuli maalum vya machungwa au nyeupe).
- Kinga ya ESD:Tekeleza hatua za kuzuia kawaida za ESD wakati wa uendeshaji na usanikishaji, kwa sababu LED ni nyeti kwa utokaji umeme tuli.
9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation
LED hii ya umbo la yai inatofautishwa na LED ya kawaida ya duara kupitia sifa kadhaa muhimu:
- Umbo la mwanga:Tofauti kuu iko katika muundo wa mionzi ya mviringo-duara (110°x40°), ikilinganishwa na boriti ya kawaida ya duara, kwa asili huangazia sehemu za mstatili za alama kwa ufanisi zaidi, kupunguza upotevu wa mwanga, na inaweza kupunguza matumizi ya nguvu kwa mwangaza unaohisiwa sawa.
- Usanifu Maalum wa Matumizi:Inasisitiza "iliyoundwa mahsusi kwa alama za habari za abiria," ikimaanisha kuwa utendaji wake wa macho, ukubwa wa kifurushi, na malengo ya uaminifu yameboreshwa kwa matumizi magumu haya yanayohusisha uendeshaji endelevu, mtikisiko, na mabadiliko makubwa ya joto.
- Materials:Based on AlGaInP chip technology, renowned for its high efficiency in the red and amber spectral regions, it offers superior luminous efficacy and color stability compared to older technologies.
- Compliance:Sehemu moja inakidhi mahitaji ya RoHS, REACH na yasiyo ya halojeni kwa wakati mmoja, ikirahisisha mchakato wa utoaji taarifa za nyenzo kwa wazalishaji wa bidhaa za mwisho zinazolenga soko la kimataifa (hasa Umoja wa Ulaya).
10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)
Swali: Kuna tofauti gani kati ya urefu wa wimbi la kilele (632nm) na urefu wa wimbi kuu (619-628nm)?
Jibu: Urefu wa wimbi wa kilele ni kilele cha kimwili cha wigo wa utoaji. Urefu wa wimbi mkuu ni urefu wa wimbi mmoja wa mwanga wa rangi moja unaoweza kusababisha hisia ya rangi sawa. Kwa LED, urefu wa wimbi mkuu kwa kawaida unahusiana zaidi na vipimo vya rangi. Uainishaji unafanywa kulingana na urefu wa wimbi mkuu.
Swali: Je, naweza kuendesha LED hii kwa mfululizo kwa mkondo wa juu wa mbele wa 50mA?
Jibu: Ndio, ukadiriaji wa 50mA unatumika kwa uendeshaji endelevu. Hata hivyo, kufanya kazi kwenye ukadiriaji wa juu utazalisha joto zaidi na kurahisisha maisha ya LED ikilinganishwa na kufanya kazi kwenye mikondo ya chini (kama 20mA). Ikiwa unafanya kazi kwenye mkondo wa juu, usimamizi wa kutosha wa joto unapaswa kujumuishwa katika muundo.
Swali: Kwa nini pembe ya maono sio ya ulinganifu (110° x 40°)?
Jibu: Hii ni muundo wa makusudi wa optiki. Ishara za habari kwa kawaida zina upana mkubwa kuliko urefu. Pembe ya kuona ya 110° inahakikisha kuonekana vizuri kwa usawa, wakati pembe ya kuona ya wima ya 40° inalenga mwanga, na kufanya ishara ionekane mkali kutoka mbali, na kuongeza ufanisi wa optiki kwa kuelekeza mwanga kwenye eneo ambalo mtazamaji anaweza kuwepo.
Swali: Je, ninawezaje kuchagua kiwango sahihi kwa matumizi yangu?
Jibu: Kwa matumizi yanayohitaji muonekano thabiti (kwa mfano, skrini kubwa), taja kiwango kimoja kwa nguvu ya mwanga (k.m. J1) na wavelength kuu (k.m. kiwango 2). Kwa matumizi yanayohimili gharama na yanayokubali tofauti ndogo, unaweza kutumia kiwango pana au kuchanganya viwango. Tafadhali angalia jedwali la viwango katika Sehemu ya 3.
Swali: Je, kichocheo cha mkondo wa mara kwa mara ni muhimu?
Jibu: Ingawa inawezekana kutumia upinzani rahisi pamoja na chanzo thabiti cha voltage, kichocheo cha mkondo wa mara kwa mara kinapendekezwa kwa nguvu kwa sababu zifuatazo: kinakabiliana na mgawo hasi wa joto wa VF(kuzuia udhibiti wa joto), kuhakikisha vitengo vyote vina mwangaza thabiti bila kujali mabadiliko ya kiwango cha VF, na kutoa utendaji bora zaidi katika anuwai yote ya halijoto ya uendeshaji.
11. Uchunguzi wa Kesi za Matumizi ya Ubunifu
Scenario: Designing a bus destination sign.
A manufacturer is designing a new LED-based destination sign for city buses. The sign must be clearly readable in bright daylight and at night, withstand the vibrations of bus operation, and have a long service life to minimize maintenance.
Uchaguzi wa Vipengele:LED hii ya mviringo mduara ni chaguo bora. Nguvu yake ya juu ya mwanga (hadi 2040mcd) inahakikisha kuonekana kwa mchana. Pembe pana ya 110° ya mtazamo wa usawa inaruhusu abiria kusoma ishara kutoka pembe tofauti katika kituo cha basi. Ufungaji thabiti wa SMD na epoksi inayostahimili mionzi ya UV inafaa kwa mazingira ya nje yenye mtikisiko mkubwa.
Utekelezaji:LEDs itataywa kwa muundo wa gridi au sehemu. Mbuni atachagua LED kutoka kwenye kiwango kimoja cha ukali wa mwanga (mfano J1) na kiwango kimoja cha wavelength kuu (mfano kiwango 2) ili kuhakikisha usawa wa mwangaza na rangi kwenye ishara nzima. IC ya udhibiti wa mkondo wa mara kwa mara itatumika kusambaza umeme kwa kila safu au safu wima ya LED, kuhakikisha utendakazi thabiti chini ya mfumo wa umeme unaobadilika wa basi na halijoto kali kutoka joto la kiangazi hadi baridi kali ya majira ya baridi. Boriti isiyo na ulinganifu itaelekezwa kwenye mhimili mlalo wa digrii 110, ili kufanana na umbo la upana mfupi la kawaida la ishara za marudio.
12. Introduction to Technical Principles
LED hii inategemea nyenzo za semiconductor za alumini-gali-indiamu-fosforasi (AlGaInP). Wakati voltage chanya inatumika kwenye kiunganishi p-n, elektroni na mashimo huingizwa kwenye eneo lenye uwezo, ambapo huchanganyika. Katika LED ya AlGaInP, mchakato huu wa kuchanganyika hutoa nishati kwa namna ya fotoni (mwanga), ambayo wavelength yake iko katika sehemu ya nyekundu hadi ya kahawia ya wigo unaoonekana. Wavelength maalum (wavelength kuu) imedhamiriwa na nishati kamili ya pengo la bendi ya aloi ya AlGaInP, ambayo inadhibitiwa wakati wa ukuaji wa fuwele. Umbo la boriti la mviringo-mdundo linapatikana kwa kuchanganya umbo maalum la chip ya LED (ikiwa ni mstatili) na athari ya lenzi ya kuba ya epoksi iliyotengenezwa, ambayo umbo lake limeundwa ili kupindua mwanga zaidi kwenye mhimili mmoja kuliko mwingine.
13. Technology Trends and Background
While this datasheet represents a mature and reliable product, broader LED industry trends provide context. The industry continues to move towards higher luminous efficacy (more lumens per watt), which reduces energy consumption and heat generation. For signage applications, trends include the integration of smart drivers with diagnostic functions, the use of Chip Scale Package (CSP) LEDs for higher-density displays, and a focus on improving the color rendering and consistency of full-color RGB displays. Furthermore, the emphasis on environmental compliance (RoHS, REACH, halogen-free) has become a basic requirement rather than a differentiator, driving all manufacturers to adopt cleaner materials and processes. This component is firmly positioned within the category of optimized, reliable workhorse LEDs for professional signage applications, where long life and consistent performance under specific conditions are valued more than raw peak performance metrics.
Detailed Explanation of LED Specification Terminology
Ufafanuzi kamili wa istilahi za kiteknolojia ya LED
I. Viashiria muhimu vya utendaji wa mwanga na umeme
| Terminology | Unit/Representation | Layman's Explanation | Kwa Nini Ni Muhimu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ufanisi wa Mwanga (Luminous Efficacy) | lm/W (lumens per watt) | The luminous flux emitted per watt of electrical power; the higher the value, the more energy-efficient. | It directly determines the energy efficiency rating of the luminaire and the electricity cost. |
| Mfereji wa Mwanga (Luminous Flux) | lm (lumeni) | Jumla ya mwanga unaotolewa na chanzo cha mwanga, unaojulikana kwa kawaida kama "mwangaza". | Huamua kama taa inatosha kuwa na mwangaza. |
| Pembe ya kuona mwanga (Viewing Angle) | ° (digrii), kama 120° | Pembe ambayo nguvu ya mwanga hupungua hadi nusu, inayoamua upana wa boriti ya mwanga. | Inapata upeo wa mwanga na usawa. |
| Joto la rangi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), k.m. 2700K/6500K | Joto la rangi ya mwanga, thamani ya chini inaelekea manjano/joto, thamani ya juu inaelekea nyeupe/baridi. | Huamua mazingira ya taa na matumizi yanayofaa. |
| Color Rendering Index (CRI / Ra) | Unitless, 0–100 | The ability of a light source to reproduce the true colors of objects, with Ra≥80 being preferable. | Inaathiri ukweli wa rangi, hutumika katika maeneo yenye mahitaji makubwa kama maduka makubwa, majumba ya sanaa. |
| Tofauti ya uvumilivu wa rangi (SDCM) | MacAdam ellipse steps, such as "5-step" | A quantitative indicator of color consistency; a smaller step number indicates better color consistency. | Ensure no color difference among luminaires from the same batch. |
| Mdomo Mkuu (Dominant Wavelength) | nm (nanomita), k.m. 620nm (nyekundu) | Wavelength values corresponding to the colors of colored LEDs. | Determines the hue of monochromatic LEDs such as red, yellow, and green. |
| Spectral Distribution | Mkunjo wa Muda wa Mwamba dhidi ya Nguvu | Inaonyesha usambazaji wa nguvu za mwanga unaotolewa na LED katika kila muda wa mwamba. | Inapotosha uhalisia wa rangi na ubora wa rangi. |
II. Vigezo vya Umeme
| Terminology | Ishara | Layman's Explanation | Mazingatio ya Ubunifu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forward Voltage (Forward Voltage) | Vf | The minimum voltage required to light up an LED, similar to a "starting threshold". | The driving power supply voltage must be ≥ Vf; the voltages add up when multiple LEDs are connected in series. |
| Mfuko wa Umeme wa Mbele (Forward Current) | If | The current value required for the LED to emit light normally. | Constant current drive is commonly used, as the current determines both brightness and lifespan. |
| Maximum Pulse Current | Ifp | Kilele cha mkondo kinachoweza kustahimili kwa muda mfupi, kinachotumika kwa kudimisha au kumulika. | Upanaaji wa mapigo na uwiano wa kazi lazima udhibitiwe kwa uangalifu, vinginevyo kunaweza kuharibika kwa joto kupita kiasi. |
| Reverse Voltage | Vr | Upeo wa voltage ya nyuma ambayo LED inaweza kustahimili, inapozidi inaweza kuharibika. | Katika mzunguko, ni muhimu kuzuia kuzingirwa kinyume au mshtuko wa voltage. |
| Upinzani wa Joto (Thermal Resistance) | Rth (°C/W) | Upinzani wa joto unaposogea kutoka kwenye chip hadi kwenye sehemu ya kuunganishia, thamani ya chini inaonyesha usambazaji bora wa joto. | Upinzani wa juu wa joto unahitaji muundo wenye nguvu zaidi wa kupoza joto, vinginevyo joto la kiungo litaongezeka. |
| ESD Immunity | V (HBM), kama 1000V | Uwezo wa kupiga umeme wa tuli, thamani ya juu inamaanisha uwezo mdogo wa kuharibika na umeme wa tuli. | Hatua za kinga dhidi ya umeme wa tuli zinahitajika katika uzalishaji, hasa kwa LED zenye usikivu mkubwa. |
III. Thermal Management and Reliability
| Terminology | Key Indicators | Layman's Explanation | Impact |
|---|---|---|---|
| Junction Temperature | Tj (°C) | Halisi ya joto la kufanya kazi ndani ya chip ya LED. | Kupunguza kila 10°C, maisha yanaweza kuongezeka mara mbili; joto la juu sana husababisha kupungua kwa mwanga, mabadiliko ya rangi. |
| Lumen Depreciation | L70 / L80 (hours) | The time required for the brightness to drop to 70% or 80% of its initial value. | Kufafanua moja kwa moja "maisha ya huduma" ya LED. |
| Lumen Maintenance | % (e.g., 70%) | The percentage of remaining brightness after a period of use. | Characterizes the ability to maintain brightness after long-term use. |
| Mabadiliko ya rangi (Color Shift) | Δu′v′ au MacAdam Ellipse | Kiwango cha mabadiliko ya rangi wakati wa matumizi. | Huathiri uthabiti wa rangi katika eneo la taa. |
| Thermal Aging | Kupungua kwa Utendaji wa Nyenzo | Uharibifu wa nyenzo za ufungaji unaosababishwa na joto la juu kwa muda mrefu. | Inaweza kusababisha kupungua kwa mwangaza, mabadiliko ya rangi au kushindwa kwa mzunguko wazi. |
Nne. Ufungaji na Nyenzo
| Terminology | Aina za Kawaida | Layman's Explanation | Sifa na Matumizi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aina za Ufungaji | EMC, PPA, Ceramic | A housing material that protects the chip and provides optical and thermal interfaces. | EMC offers good heat resistance and low cost; ceramic provides superior heat dissipation and long lifespan. |
| Muundo wa Chip | Usanidi wa Kawaida, Usanidi wa Kugeuzwa (Flip Chip) | Chip electrode layout method. | Flip-chip offers better heat dissipation and higher luminous efficacy, suitable for high-power applications. |
| Phosphor coating. | YAG, silicate, nitride | Coated on the blue LED chip, partially converted to yellow/red light, mixed to form white light. | Different phosphors affect luminous efficacy, color temperature, and color rendering. |
| Lens/Optical Design | Planar, microlens, total internal reflection | Optical structure on the packaging surface, controlling light distribution. | Determines the emission angle and light distribution curve. |
V. Udhibiti wa Ubora na Uainishaji
| Terminology | Yaliyomo ya Uainishaji | Layman's Explanation | Kusudi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kugawanya kwa mwanga | Msimbo kama 2G, 2H | Group by brightness level, each group has a minimum/maximum lumen value. | Ensure consistent brightness for products within the same batch. |
| Voltage binning | Codes such as 6W, 6X | Grouped by forward voltage range. | Inafaa kwa usawazishaji wa chanzo cha umeme cha kuendesha, kuboresha ufanisi wa mfumo. |
| Kugawanya kwa makundi kulingana na rangi | 5-step MacAdam ellipse | Group by color coordinates to ensure colors fall within an extremely small range. | Ensure color consistency to avoid color unevenness within the same luminaire. |
| Color Temperature Grading | 2700K, 3000K, etc. | Group by color temperature, each group has a corresponding coordinate range. | Kukidhi mahitaji ya joto la rangi katika hali mbalimbali. |
6. Uchunguzi na Uthibitisho
| Terminology | Standard/Test | Layman's Explanation | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Lumen Maintenance Test | Long-term operation under constant temperature conditions, recording luminance attenuation data. | For estimating LED lifetime (in conjunction with TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Lifetime projection standard | Projecting lifespan under actual use conditions based on LM-80 data. | Providing scientific life prediction. |
| IESNA Standard | Illuminating Engineering Society Standard | Covers optical, electrical, and thermal testing methods. | Msingi wa majaribio unaokubalika na tasnia. |
| RoHS / REACH | Uthibitisho wa Mazingira | Hakikisha bidhaa hazina vitu hatari (kama risasi, zebaki). | Masharti ya kuingia kwenye soko la kimataifa. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Uthibitisho wa ufanisi wa nishati | Certification for energy efficiency and performance of lighting products. | Commonly used in government procurement and subsidy programs to enhance market competitiveness. |