Table of Contents
- 1. Product Overview
- 1.1 Key Features and Advantages
- 1.2 Utambulishaji wa Kifaa
- 2. Maelezo ya kina ya Vigezo vya Kiufundi
- 2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
- I-V (Current-Voltage) Curve: Shows the exponential relationship, highlighting the typical forward voltage (VF) of approximately 2.0-2.6V. Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current Curve (IV vs. IF): Illustrates how light output increases with current up to the maximum rated limit. It helps designers choose an operating point for desired brightness and efficiency. Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature Curve: Shows the decrease in light output with increasing temperature, emphasizing the need for thermal management in high-temperature environments. Spectral Distribution Diagram: A plot of relative intensity versus wavelength, centered at 639 nm (peak) and 631 nm (dominant), with a specified 20 nm half-width.
- I-V (Current-Voltage) Curve: Shows the exponential relationship, highlighting the typical forward voltage (VF) of approximately 2.0-2.6V.
- 4. Uchambuzi wa Mviringo wa Utendaji
- 5.2 Unganisho la Pini na Ubaguzi
- 6. Soldering, Assembly, and Storage Guidelines
- 6.1 Welding
- 6.2 Storage Conditions
- 7. Maelezo ya Matumizi na Mazingatio ya Ubunifu
- 7.1 Vidokezo Muhimu vya Matumizi
- 7.2 Mazingira ya Kawaida ya Utumiaji
- 8. Ulinganisho wa Kiufundi na Tofauti
- 9. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)
- 10. Uchunguzi wa Kesi za Ubunifu
- 11. Kanuni ya Uendeshaji
- 12. Mwelekeo wa Teknolojia
1. Product Overview
LTC-4627JR is a four-digit, seven-segment character LED digital tube display module. Its primary function is to provide clear, bright numeric and limited character readouts in various electronic devices. The core technology utilizes AlInGaP (Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide) semiconductor material to generate ultra-red light emission. This material system, grown on an opaque GaAs substrate, is renowned for its high efficiency and excellent color purity within the red light spectrum. The device features a gray panel with white segment markings, enhancing contrast and readability under various lighting conditions. It is designed as a multiplexed common-anode type, a standard configuration for multi-digit displays, aimed at minimizing the number of required driving pins.
1.1 Key Features and Advantages
- Mfupi na Usomaji Rahisi:Ina urefu wa herufi wa inchi 0.4 (milimita 10.0), inayopata usawa mzuri kati ya ukubwa na kuonekana.
- Ufanisi Bora wa Macho:Inatoa mwangaza mkubwa na tofauti ya juu, kuhakikisha herufi zinazoonekana wazi. Sehemu zinazofuatana na sawa hutoa muonekano thabiti.
- Ufanisi wa nishati:Inahitaji nguvu kidogo, inafaa kwa matumizi yanayotumia betri au yanayolenga ufanisi wa nishati.
- Bora la mtazamo:Inatoa mtazamo mpana, kuruhusu kusoma maudhui ya onyesho kutoka maeneo tofauti.
- Uaminifu wa juu:Inafaidhi ya uaminifu wa hali ngumu, hakuna sehemu zinazosonga au filamenti zinazoweza kuchakaa.
- Dhamana ya Ubora:Vifaa vinapangwa kulingana na nguvu ya mwanga, kuhakikisha kiwango cha mwangaza kinapatana ndani ya safu maalum.
- Uzingatiaji wa Mazingira:Imefungwa bila risasi, na imetengenezwa kwa kufuata maagizo ya RoHS (Vizuizi vya Vitu Hatari).
1.2 Utambulishaji wa Kifaa
Model LTC-4627JR inarejelea hasa onyesho la mwanga mwekundu sana, la njia nyingi, la anode ya pamoja, lenye nukta ya desimali upande wa kulia. Mkataba huu wa kutaja majina husaidia katika kutambua kwa usahihi usanidi wa umeme na sifa za macho za kifaa.
2. Maelezo ya kina ya Vigezo vya Kiufundi
2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Hizo viwango hivi vinaelezea mipaka ambayo inaweza kusababisha uharibifu wa kudumu kwa kifaa. Uendeshaji unapaswa kudumishwa ndani ya mipaka hii kila wakati.
- Matumizi ya nguvu kwa kila sehemu:Upeo wa 70 mW. Kuzidi thamani hii kunaweza kusababisha joto kupita kiasi na kushindwa kufanya kazi.
- Peak forward current per segment:Maximum 90 mA, but only under pulse conditions (1/10 duty cycle, 0.1ms pulse width). This applies to multiplexing or brief testing.
- Continuous forward current per segment:25 mA maximum at 25°C. This rating is linearly derated as the ambient temperature (Ta) increases above 25°C, with a derating factor of 0.33 mA/°C. For example, at 50°C, the maximum continuous current is approximately 25 mA - (0.33 mA/°C * 25°C) = 16.75 mA.
- Operating and Storage Temperature Range:-35°C to +85°C.
- Soldering Conditions:Kifaa kinaweza kukimudu uchomaji wa wimbi, kwa bahasha ya solder chini ya uso wa usakinishaji kwa inchi 1/16 (≈1.6mm), kwa sekunde 3 kwenye 260°C. Joto la mwili wa kifaa halipaswi kuzidi kiwango chake cha juu cha ukadiriaji wakati wa usakinishaji.
I-V (Current-Voltage) Curve: Shows the exponential relationship, highlighting the typical forward voltage (VF) of approximately 2.0-2.6V. Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current Curve (IV vs. IF): Illustrates how light output increases with current up to the maximum rated limit. It helps designers choose an operating point for desired brightness and efficiency. Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature Curve: Shows the decrease in light output with increasing temperature, emphasizing the need for thermal management in high-temperature environments. Spectral Distribution Diagram: A plot of relative intensity versus wavelength, centered at 639 nm (peak) and 631 nm (dominant), with a specified 20 nm half-width.
Hizi ni vigezo vya utendakazi vinavyohakikishwa chini ya masharti maalum ya majaribio.
- Nguvu ya wastani ya mwanga (IV):Wakati wa mkondo wa mbele (IF) ni 1 mA, ni 200-650 µcd. Safu hii pana inaonyesha vifaa vinavyopangwa kulingana na nguvu ya mwanga.
- Peak emission wavelength (λp):At IF=20mA, it is 639 nm (typical value), placing it in the ultra-red region.
- Spectral line half-width (Δλ):20 nm (typical value), defines spectral purity.
- Dominant wavelength (λd):631 nm (typical value), with a tolerance of ±1 nm.
- Forward voltage per segment (VF):At IF=20mA, is 2.0V to 2.6V, with a tolerance of ±0.1V. This is a key parameter for driver design.
- Reverse current (IR):At a reverse voltage (VR) of 5V, maximum 100 µA. Note: This is a test condition; continuous reverse bias operation is prohibited.
- Luminous intensity matching ratio (IV-m):At IF=10mA, maximum 2:1. This specifies the maximum allowable brightness variation between segments.
- Crosstalk:≤ 2.5%, meaning minimal unintended illumination between adjacent segments.
3. Mfumo wa Kugawanya na Maelezo
Uhakiki unasema bidhaa hii "imegawanywa kulingana na nguvu ya mwanga." Hii inamaanisha mchakato wa kugawanya, ambapo maonyesho yanapangwa kulingana na pato la mwanga lililopimwa chini ya mkondo wa kawaida wa majaribio (labda 1mA au 10mA). Wabunifu wanaweza kuchagua vifaa kutoka kwenye kiwango kimoja cha nguvu ya mwanga (mfano, 400-500 µcd) ili kuhakikisha usawa wa mwangaza kati ya maonyesho mengi katika kifaa, na kuepuka "tatizo la kutofautiana kwa rangi" lililotajwa katika tahadhari. Ingawa hati hii haijaelezea kwa kina kugawanywa kwa urefu wa wimbi/rangi au voltage ya mbele, uainishaji kama huo ni wa kawaida katika utengenezaji wa LED, ili kuhakikisha uthabiti wa utendaji.
4. Uchambuzi wa Mkunjo wa Utendaji
Uhakiki unarejelea "mikunjo ya kawaida ya sifa za umeme/optiki." Ingawa hakuna chati maalum iliyotolewa katika maandishi, mikunjo ya kawaida ya vifaa kama hivi kwa kawaida inajumuisha:
- Mviringo wa I-V (Sasa-Voltage):Inaonyesha uhusiano wa kielelezo, ikasisitiza voltage ya kawaida ya mbele (VF) takriban kati ya 2.0-2.6V.
- Mchoro wa Uhusiano wa Nguvu ya Mwanga na Mkondo wa Mbele (IVvs. IF):inaonyesha jinsi pato la mwanga linavyoongezeka kadri mkondo unavyoongezeka, hadi kufikia kikomo cha juu cha ukadiriaji. Inamsaidia mbuni kuchagua sehemu ya kufanya kazi kwa mwangaza na ufanisi unayotaka.
- Mchoro wa Uhusiano wa Nguvu ya Mwanga na Joto la Mazingira:Mwangaza unaoonyeshwa hupungua kadri joto linavyoongezeka, ikasisitiza umuhimu wa usimamizi wa joto katika mazingira ya joto la juu.
- Mchoro wa usambazaji wa wigo:Mchoro wa uhusiano wa nguvu ya jamaa na urefu wa wimbi, katikati iko kwenye 639 nm (kilele) na 631 nm (urefu wa wimbi kuu), na upana wa nusu uliobainishwa wa 20 nm.
Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungaji
4. Uchambuzi wa Mviringo wa Utendaji
The display features a standard Dual In-line Package (DIP) outline. Key dimensional descriptions include:
- All dimensions are in millimeters (mm).
- Unless otherwise specified, the general tolerance is ±0.25 mm.
- The lead tip offset tolerance is ±0.4 mm.
- Defect quality control limits: Foreign matter on the segment ≤10 mils, ink contamination ≤20 mils, bubbles within the segment ≤10 mils.
- Reflector bending is limited to ≤1% of its length.
5.2 Unganisho la Pini na Ubaguzi
This device is acommon anodetype. This means the LED anodes for each digit are internally connected together. The pin definitions are as follows:
- Pini 1, 2, 6, 8: Ni anodi ya kawaida ya Nambari 1, Nambari 2, Nambari 3 na Nambari 4, kwa mtiririko huo.
- Pini 4: Anodi ya kawaida ya sehemu za koloni za upande wa kushoto (L1, L2, L3).
- Kathodi (vituo hasi) vya kila sehemu (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, DP, L1, L2, L3) zimegawanywa kwenye pini 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16.
- Pins 9, 10, and 12 are marked as "No Connection" or "No Pin".
Internal circuit diagram:Mchoro wa kanuni unaonyesha mpangilio wa kuzidisha. Anodi ya kila tarakimu ni ya kipekee, wakati katodi za sehemu za nafasi sawa (kwa mfano, sehemu zote 'A') zimeunganishwa pamoja. Ili kuwashtua sehemu maalum kwenye tarakimu fulani, ni lazima kuendesha pini ya anodi ya tarakimu husika kwa voltage ya juu (voltage chanya), na kuendesha pini ya katodi ya sehemu husika kwa voltage ya chini (kutia ardhini au kuingiza mkondo). Uzidishaji huu unafanywa kwa kasi ili kutoa hisia ya kwamba tarakimu zote zinawaka wakati mmoja.
6. Soldering, Assembly, and Storage Guidelines
6.1 Welding
Viwango vya juu kabisa vya kiwango vinabainisha mkunjo wa uchomeaji wa wimbi: 260°C kwa sekunde 3, na bafu ya solder iko chini ya uso wa usakinishaji kwa inchi 1/16. Kwa uchomeaji wa reflow, mkunjo wa kawaida wa uchomeaji usio na risasi unapaswa kutumiwa, na kiwango cha juu cha joto kisizidi kiwango cha juu cha joto cha kifaa. Uangalifu lazima uchukuliwe wakati wa usanikishaji ili kuepeka kutumia mkazo wa mitambo kwenye mwili wa onyesho.
6.2 Storage Conditions
Proper storage is crucial to prevent pin oxidation and performance degradation.
- For LED displays (such as LTC-4627JR):Store in the original packaging. Recommended conditions: temperature 5°C to 30°C, humidity below 60% RH. If storage conditions exceed this range, or if the desiccant bag has been opened for more than 6 months, it is recommended to bake the device at 60°C for 48 hours and use it within one week.
- General principles:Epuka kuhifadhi hisa nyingi kwa muda mrefu. Tumia hisa kwa wakati ili kuhakikisha upya na kuzuia oksidi ya waya zilizopakwa bati.
7. Maelezo ya Matumizi na Mazingatio ya Ubunifu
7.1 Vidokezo Muhimu vya Matumizi
- Matumizi Yanayotarajiwa:Suitable for general electronic equipment (office, communication, household). Not recommended for safety-critical applications (aviation, medical, traffic control) without prior consultation and approval, as failure may endanger life or health.
- Driver Design:
- Constant Current Drive:It is strongly recommended to use constant current drive instead of constant voltage drive to ensure uniform brightness and protect LEDs from thermal runaway.
- Voltage Range:The drive circuit must accommodate the full VFRange (2.0V-2.6V) to supply the intended current to all devices.
- Reverse and Transient Protection:The circuit must be protected against reverse voltage and voltage spikes during power-up/shutdown to avoid damage due to metal migration and increased leakage current.
- Current Derating:Chagua sasa ya kufanya kazi baada ya kuzingatia joto la juu la mazingira, tumia kipengele cha kupunguza cha 0.33 mA/°C wakati joto linazidi 25°C.
- Mazingira:Epuka mabadiliko ya haraka ya joto katika mazingira yenye unyevunyevu, ili kuzuia umande kujikusanya kwenye kionyeshi.
- Mechanical:If using a front panel film/graphic overlay, avoid having it press directly against the display surface as it may shift. If the application involves drop/vibration testing, share the test conditions in advance for evaluation.
- Multi-Display Unit Matching:Wakati unapounganisha vionyeshi viwili au zaidi katika kitengo kimoja, tumia vipengee kutoka kwa kundi lilelile la nguvu ya mwanga ili kuhakikisha muonekano sawa.
7.2 Mazingira ya Kawaida ya Utumiaji
LTC-4627JR inafaa kabisa kwa matumizi yanayohitaji usomaji wazi wa nambari wa ukubwa wa kati, kama vile:
- Vifaa vya Uchunguzi na Upimaji (Multimeter, Power Supply).
- Paneli za Udhibiti wa Viwanda na Timer.
- Vifaa vya Matumizi ya Kaya (Microwave, Oven, Vifaa vya Sauti).
- Vituo vya mauzo na vionyeshi vya taarifa za msingi.
- Miradi ya wapenzi na utengenezaji wa mifano.
8. Ulinganisho wa Kiufundi na Tofauti
Ikilinganishwa na teknolojia za zamani kama vile LED nyekundu za kawaida za GaAsP au GaP, chip ya LED ya AlInGaP nyekundu-super katika LTC-4627JR inatoa mwangaza na ufanisi bora zaidi. Ikilinganishwa na baadhi ya manyunyu ya kisasa ya mwanga mweupe au upande, inatoa usawa bora wa rangi na pembe ya maono kwa kiashiria cha rangi nyekundu safi. Ukubwa wake wa tarakimu wa inchi 0.4 hujaza pengo kati ya manyunyu madogo yasiyosomeka kwa urahisi na manyunyu makubwa zaidi na yanayotumia nguvu zaidi. Muundo wa kuzidisha wa anodi ya pamoja ni mpango wa kawaida wenye ufanisi wa kiuchumi na matumizi bora ya pini kwa manyunyu ya tarakimu nyingi, ingawa unahitaji IC ngumu zaidi ya kuendesha kuliko aina ya kuendesha tuli.
9. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)
Q1: Ni IC gani ya kuendesha ninapaswa kutumia kwa LTC-4627JR?
A: Unahitaji kichochezi cha kuzidisha kinachoweza kutoa mkondo kwa pini ya anodi ya pamoja na kuvuta mkondo kutoka kwa pini za katodi za sehemu. Chaguo la kawaida ni IC maalum ya kudhibiti LED, kama vile mfululizo wa MAX7219 au TM16xx, au kichakataji kidogo chenye pini za GPIO za kutosha na uwezo wa mkondo, ukihitaji, kutumia transistor ya nje.
Q2: Je, ninawezaje kuhesabu upinzani wa kudhibiti mkondo?
A: Tumia kanuni ya Ohm: R = (VPower supply- VF) / IF. Use the maximum V from the datasheet in the calculation.F(2.6V), ili kuhakikisha kwamba hata kama kifaa kina tofauti, sasa haitazidi I uliyochagua.F. Kwa usambazaji wa umeme wa 5V na I inayotarajiwa.Fkuwa 10 mA: R = (5V - 2.6V) / 0.01A = 240 Ω. Katika mzunguko wa multiplexing, daima weka resistor upande wa cathode (sink current).
Q3: Naweza kuitumia nje ya nyumba?
A: Upeo wa joto la kufanya kazi (-35°C hadi +85°C) huruhusu matumizi katika mazingira mengi ya nje. Hata hivyo, inabidi kuzingatia uwezo wa kusomeka chini ya jua (tofauti kubwa ya rangi inasaidia), uwezekano wa umande (epuka mabadiliko ya haraka ya joto), na kufunga kioleza nyuma ya dirisha linalolinda dhidi ya unyevu na vumbi, kwani kifenyewe hakina kinga ya maji.
Q4: Kwa nini inashauriwa kutumia kiendeshi cha mkondo wa mara kwa mara?
A: Voltage ya mbele ya LED (VF) hubadilika kulingana na joto na kifaa. Chanzo cha voltage ya mara kwa mara chenye upinzani mfululizo hutoa mkondo wa takriban mara kwa mara, lakini unaweza kubadilika. Chanzo cha kweli cha mkondo wa mara kwa mara kinahakikisha LED hupata mkondo uliobuniwa kwa usahihi kila wakati, na hivyo kufanikisha mwangaza thabiti na maisha marefu zaidi, hasa muhimu katika upeo wa joto la -35°C hadi +85°C.
10. Uchunguzi wa Kesi za Ubunifu
Scenario: Design a simple 4-digit counter/timer.
设计人员选择LTC-4627JR是因为其可读性和标准接口。他们使用一个内置定时器和足够I/O的微控制器。四个GPIO引脚配置为输出,通过小型NPN晶体管(例如,2N3904)驱动数字阳极(引脚1、2、6、8)以提供所需电流。另外七个GPIO引脚(加上一个小数点引脚)配置为开漏输出,并直接连接到段阴极(A-G、DP),每个引脚串联一个220Ω电阻接地,以将段电流设置为约10-12mA(使用5V电源)。固件实现多路复用例程,一次打开一个数字阳极,同时激活该数字的相应段阴极,快速循环所有四个数字(>60Hz)。灰色面板/白色段在产品前面板的深色亚克力窗后提供了极佳的对比度。
11. Kanuni ya Uendeshaji
LTC-4627JR inafanya kazi kulingana na kanuni ya umeme-luminescence katika makutano ya P-N ya semiconductor. Wakati voltage ya upendeleo mzuri inayozidi voltage ya kufungua diode (≈2.0V) inatumika, elektroni kutoka safu ya N-type AlInGaP huchanganyika na mashimo kutoka safu ya P-type. Tukio hili la kuchanganyika hutoa nishati kwa njia ya fotoni (mwanga). Muundo maalum wa aloi ya AlInGaP huamua nishati ya pengo la bendi, ambayo inalingana moja kwa moja na urefu wa wimbi la mwanga unaotolewa (rangi) — katika mfano huu, mwanga mwekundu wa juu wa takriban 631-639 nm. Substrate isiyo na uwazi ya GaAs husaidia kutafakari mwanga juu, na kuongeza ufanisi wa jumla wa pato la mwanga. Muundo wa sehemu saba umetengenezwa kwa kuweka chipu za LED au safu za chipu chini ya kila eneo la sehemu, na kuziunganisha kupitia matriki ya kuzidisha ya ndani.
12. Mwelekeo wa Teknolojia
Ingawa vionyeshi tofauti vya sehemu saba kama LTC-4627JR bado ni muhimu katika matumizi maalum kwa sababu ya unyenyekevu, mwangaza mkubwa, na pembe pana ya maoni, mwelekeo mpana zaidi unaelekea kwenye vionyeshi vya matriki ya nukta vilivyojumuishwa (ikiwamo LED na OLED) na TFT LCD. Vionyeshi hivi vinatoa kubadilika zaidi katika kuonyesha herufi, michoro, na uhuishaji. Hata hivyo, kwa matumizi yanayohitaji nambari tu, herufi chache, na uwazi juu/uhakika wa juu, teknolojia ya sehemu saba bado inaendelea kukua. Mwelekeo unajumuisha nyenzo zenye ufanisi zaidi, voltage ya chini ya uendeshaji, ufungaji wa SMD wa vifaa vya kusakinishwa kwenye uso kwa ajili ya usanikishaji wa kiotomatiki, na vionyeshi vilivyojumuishwa na madereva na interfaces ya mawasiliano (kama vile I2C au SPI) ili kurahisisha zaidi muundo wa mfumo na kupunguza idadi ya pini za microcontroller.
Detailed Explanation of LED Specification Terminology
Complete Explanation of LED Technical Terminology
I. Core Indicators of Photoelectric Performance
| Istilahi | Kipimo/Uwakilishi | Mafasiri ya Kawaida | Kwa Nini Ni Muhimu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ufanisi wa Mwanga (Luminous Efficacy) | lm/W (lumen/watt) | Mwanga unaotolewa kwa kila watt ya umeme, unavyozidi kuwa mkubwa ndivyo unavyozidi kuokoa nishati. | Inaamua moja kwa moja kiwango cha ufanisi wa nishati na gharama za umeme za taa. |
| Mfumuko wa Mwanga (Luminous Flux) | lm (lumen) | Jumla ya mwanga unaotolewa na chanzo cha mwanga, unaojulikana kwa kawaida kama "mwangaza". | Huamua kama taa inatosha kuwa na mwangaza. |
| Pembe ya Kuona (Viewing Angle) | ° (digrii), k.m. 120° | Pembe ambayo mwangaza hupungua hadi nusu, inayoamua upana wa boriti ya mwanga. | Huathiri eneo la mwangaza na usawa wake. |
| Joto la rangi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), kama 2700K/6500K | Joto la rangi ya mwanga, thamani ya chini inaelekea manjano/joto, thamani ya juu inaelekea nyeupe/baridi. | Huamua mazingira ya taa na matumizi yanayofaa. |
| Kielelezo cha Uonyeshaji Rangi (CRI / Ra) | Hakuna kitengo, 0–100 | Uwezo wa chanzo cha mwanga kurejesha rangi halisi ya kitu, Ra≥80 ni bora. | Huathiri ukweli wa rangi, hutumika katika maeneo yenye mahitaji makubwa kama maduka makubwa, majumba ya sanaa, n.k. |
| Color tolerance (SDCM) | MacAdam Ellipse Steps, e.g., "5-step" | A quantitative indicator of color consistency; a smaller step number indicates better color consistency. | Hakikisha rangi ya taa za kundi moja hazina tofauti. |
| Mzunguko mkuu wa wimbi (Dominant Wavelength) | nm (nanomita), kama 620nm (nyekundu) | Thamani ya urefu wa wimbi inayolingana na rangi ya LED ya rangi. | Huamua hue ya LED ya rangi moja kama nyekundu, manjano, kijani, n.k. |
| Usambazaji wa Wigo (Spectral Distribution) | Mkunjo wa Urefu wa Mawimbi dhidi ya Nguvu | Inaonyesha usambazaji wa nguvu za mwanga unaotolewa na LED katika urefu wa mawimbi tofauti. | Inaathiri ubora wa kuonyesha rangi na ubora wa rangi. |
II. Vigezo vya Umeme
| Istilahi | Ishara | Mafasiri ya Kawaida | Vidokezo vya Ubunifu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forward Voltage | Vf | The minimum voltage required to light up an LED, similar to a "starting threshold". | Voltage ya chanjo ya umeme lazima iwe ≥ Vf, voltage inaongezeka wakati LED nyingi zimeunganishwa mfululizo. |
| Forward Current | If | Thamani ya mkondo inayofanya LED ionekane kwa kawaida. | Kwa kawaida hutumia udhibiti wa mkondo wa kudumu, mkondo huamua mwangaza na maisha ya taa. |
| Maksimum ya mkondo wa msukumo (Pulse Current) | Ifp | Mkondo wa kilele unaoweza kustahimili kwa muda mfupi, unatumika kwa kudim mwanga au kumulika. | Pulse width and duty cycle must be strictly controlled to prevent overheating damage. |
| Reverse Voltage | Vr | The maximum reverse voltage that an LED can withstand; exceeding this may cause breakdown. | The circuit must be protected against reverse connection or voltage surges. |
| Thermal Resistance | Rth (°C/W) | Upinzani wa joto kutoka kwenye chip hadi kwenye sehemu ya kuunganishia, thamani ya chini inaonyesha usambazaji bora wa joto. | Upinzani wa juu wa joto unahitaji muundo wenye nguvu zaidi wa usambazaji wa joto, vinginevyo joto la kiungo litaongezeka. |
| ESD Immunity | V (HBM), kwa mfano 1000V | Uwezo wa kupinga mshtuko wa umeme tuli, thamani ya juu zaidi inaonyesha uwezo mkubwa wa kuepusha uharibifu kutokana na umeme tuli. | Antistatic measures must be implemented during production, especially for high-sensitivity LEDs. |
III. Thermal Management and Reliability
| Istilahi | Key Indicators | Mafasiri ya Kawaida | Athari |
|---|---|---|---|
| Junction Temperature | Tj (°C) | The actual operating temperature inside the LED chip. | For every 10°C reduction, the lifespan may double; excessively high temperatures lead to lumen depreciation and color shift. |
| Kupungua kwa Mwanga (Lumen Depreciation) | L70 / L80 (saa) | Muda unaohitajika ili mwangaza upunguke hadi 70% au 80% ya thamani ya awali. | Kufafanua moja kwa moja "maisha ya huduma" ya LED. |
| Lumen Maintenance | % (e.g., 70%) | The percentage of remaining brightness after a period of use. | Characterizes the ability to maintain brightness after long-term use. |
| Color Shift | Δu′v′ or MacAdam Ellipse | Kiwango cha mabadiliko ya rangi wakati wa matumizi. | Huathiri ufanisi wa rangi katika eneo la taa. |
| Uchakavu wa Joto (Thermal Aging) | Kupungua kwa Utendaji wa Nyenzo | Uharibifu wa nyenzo za ufungaji unaosababishwa na joto la juu kwa muda mrefu. | Inaweza kusababisha kupungua kwa mwangaza, mabadiliko ya rangi, au kushindwa kwa mzunguko wazi. |
Nne. Ufungaji na Nyenzo
| Istilahi | Aina za Kawaida | Mafasiri ya Kawaida | Sifa na Matumizi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aina za Ufungaji | EMC, PPA, Ceramic | The housing material that protects the chip and provides optical and thermal interfaces. | EMC ina mzuri kwa upinzani wa joto na gharama nafuu; kauri ina usambazaji bora wa joto na maisha marefu. |
| Muundo wa Chip | Usakinishaji wa Kawaida, Usakinishaji wa Kichupo (Flip Chip) | Chip electrode arrangement method. | Flip-chip offers better heat dissipation and higher luminous efficacy, suitable for high-power applications. |
| Phosphor coating | YAG, silicate, nitride | Coated on the blue LED chip, partially converted to yellow/red light, mixed to form white light. | Fosfori tofauti huathiri ufanisi wa mwanga, halijoto ya rangi, na ubora wa kuonyesha rangi. |
| Lenzi/Usanifu wa Optics | Planar, microlens, total internal reflection | The optical structure on the package surface controls light distribution. | Determines the emission angle and light distribution curve. |
V. Quality Control and Binning
| Istilahi | Binning Content | Mafasiri ya Kawaida | Kusudi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kikomo cha Flux ya Mwanga | Msimbo kama 2G, 2H | Group by brightness level, each group has a minimum/maximum lumen value. | Ensure consistent brightness for products within the same batch. |
| Voltage binning | Codes such as 6W, 6X | Grouped by forward voltage range. | Facilitates driver power matching and improves system efficiency. |
| Color binning | 5-step MacAdam ellipse | Group by color coordinates to ensure colors fall within an extremely small range. | Ensure color consistency to avoid color unevenness within the same luminaire. |
| Color temperature binning | 2700K, 3000K, etc. | Group by color temperature, each group has a corresponding coordinate range. | Meet the color temperature requirements of different scenarios. |
VI. Testing and Certification
| Istilahi | Kigezo/Uchunguzi | Mafasiri ya Kawaida | Maana |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Lumen Maintenance Test | Long-term operation under constant temperature conditions, recording data on luminance attenuation. | Used to estimate LED lifespan (in conjunction with TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Standard ya Kukadiria Maisha | Kukadiria maisha chini ya hali halisi za matumizi kulingana na data ya LM-80. | Kutoa utabiri wa kisayansi wa maisha. |
| IESNA Standard | Illuminating Engineering Society Standard | Inashughuli na mbinu za kupima kwa kutumia mwanga, umeme na joto. | Msingi unaokubalika kwa kawaida katika tasnia ya upimaji. |
| RoHS / REACH | Uthibitisho wa Mazingira | Hakikisha bidhaa hazina vitu hatari (kama risasi, zebaki). | Masharti ya kuingia katika soko la kimataifa. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Uthibitisho wa ufanisi wa nishati. | Uthibitishaji wa Ufanisi wa Nishati na Utendaji kwa Bidhaa za Taa. | Hutumiwa mara nyingi katika miradi ya ununuzi wa serikali na ruzuku, kuimarisha ushindani wa soko. |