Table of Contents
1. Product Overview
The LTS-3403LJF is a single-digit numeric display module, specifically designed for applications requiring clear and reliable numeric or limited character indication. Its primary function is to provide a visual output for digital data from microcontrollers, logic circuits, or other driving integrated circuits. A core advantage of this device lies in its LED chips, which utilize Aluminum Indium Gallium Phosphide semiconductor technology, offering higher efficiency and color purity within the yellow-orange spectrum compared to older technologies like Gallium Arsenide Phosphide. The device features a gray panel with white segment markings, providing excellent contrast for the illuminated segments. It is graded by luminous intensity to ensure brightness consistency across different production batches. Designed for easy integration, it is suitable for direct mounting on printed circuit boards or in compatible sockets, making it an ideal choice for industrial control panels, test equipment, consumer appliances, and instrumentation requiring single-digit readouts.
1.1 Core Features and Target Market
LTS-3403LJF ina sifa nyingi muhimu zinazofafanua uwanja wake wa matumizi. Urefu wa herufi wa inchi 0.8 unapatikana usawa kati ya kuonekana na ukubwa mdogo, unafaa kwa vifaa vilivyowekwa kwenye paneli vilivyo na nafasi ndogo lakini usomaji ni muhimu sana. Sehemu zake zinazoendelea na zenye usawa zinahakikisha muonekano unaoendana na wa kitaalamu unapowashwa. Matumizi ya nguvu ya chini na mahitaji ya nguvu ya chini hufanya iweze kutumika na vifaa vinavyotumia betri au mifumo ambayo ufanisi wa nguvu ni muhimu sana. Muonekano bora wa herufi na pembe ya kuona pana ni matokeo ya moja kwa moja ya teknolojia ya chip ya AlInGaP na muundo wa lenzi iliyotawanyika, ikifanya kionyeshi kisomeke wazi kutoka kila pembe. Uaminifu wa hali ngumu ulio asili katika teknolojia ya LED unahakikisha maisha marefu ya huduma, bila sehemu zinazosogea kuchakaa. Mwisho, utangamano na mzunguko uliojumuishwa unamaanisha inaweza kuendeshwa moja kwa moja na matokeo ya mantiki ya dijiti ya kawaida au kupitia mzunguko uliojumuishwa maalum wa kuendesha kionyeshi pamoja na kipingamizi kinachofaa cha kudhibiti mkondo. Soko lengwa linajumuisha vifaa vya elektroniki vinavyobebeka, mifumo iliyojumuishwa, dashibodi za magari, vifaa vya matibabu na wabunifu wa mifumo yoyote ya elektroniki inayohitaji kionyeshi cha dijiti chenye kudumu na matumizi ya nguvu ya chini.
2. Detailed Technical Parameters
Waraka wa maelezo hutoa maelezo kamili ya umeme, macho na joto, ambayo ni muhimu sana kwa muundo sahihi wa mzunguko na uendeshaji unaotegemewa.
2.1 Photometric and Optical Characteristics
Utendaji wa macho ndio kiini cha kazi ya kionyeshi. Nguvu ya wastani ya mwanga hupimwa wakati mkondo wa mbele ni 1 mA, na thamani ya chini ni 320 µcd, ya kawaida ni 900 µcd, na thamani ya juu haijabainishwa. Kigezo hiki kinaonyesha mwangaza unaohisiwa wa sehemu moja. Mkondo wa chini wa majaribio unaonyesha ufanisi wa kifaa. Sifa za rangi hufafanuliwa na vigezo vitatu vya urefu wa wimbi. Urefu wa wimbi wa kilele cha mionzi hupimwa wakati If=20mA, na thamani ya kawaida ni 611 nm. Upana wa nusu ya mstari wa wigo ni kawaida 17 nm, unaonyesha usafi wa wigo au kiwango cha mkusanyiko wa mwanga unaotolewa karibu na kilele; thamani ndogo inaonyesha rangi inakaribia rangi moja. Urefu wa wimbi kuu wa kawaida ni 605 nm. Ni muhimu kuzingatia kuwa nguvu ya mwanga hupimwa kwa kutumia mchanganyiko wa sensor na kichujio kinachofanana na mkunjo wa majibu ya kuona ya mwanga wa CIE, kuhakikisha kuwa matokeo ya kipimo yanahusiana na mtazamo wa kuona wa binadamu. Uwiano wa mechi ya nguvu ya mwanga ni hadi 2:1, ambayo inamaanisha tofauti ya mwangaza kati ya sehemu angavu zaidi na giza zaidi katika kitengo kimoja haitazidi mara mbili, na kuhakikisha usawa wa muonekano.
2.2 Electrical Parameters
Electrical specifications define the operating limits and conditions for an LED segment. Absolute maximum ratings set the safe operating boundaries. The power dissipation per segment is 70 mW. The peak forward current per segment is 60 mA, but this is only permitted under pulse conditions to manage heat. At 25°C, the continuous forward current per segment is 25 mA, with a derating factor of 0.33 mA/°C. This means that when the ambient temperature exceeds 25°C, the maximum allowable continuous current is reduced to prevent overheating. The reverse voltage per segment is 5 V; exceeding this value may damage the LED junction. Under standard operating conditions, the forward voltage per segment has a typical value of 2.6 V and a maximum value of 2.6 V at a test current of 10 mA. The minimum value is 2.05 V. When a 5 V reverse voltage is applied, the reverse current per segment is a maximum of 100 µA, indicating the leakage current in the off state.
2.3 Thermal and Environmental Specifications
Reliability under various environmental conditions is crucial. The operating temperature range is specified as -35°C to +85°C. This wide range allows the display to function in harsh environments, from industrial freezers to high-temperature engine compartments. The storage temperature range is the same, defining safe conditions when the device is not powered. A key parameter for assembly is the soldering temperature. The datasheet specifies that the device can withstand 260°C for 3 seconds at a point 1/16 inch below the mounting plane. This is a standard reference for wave soldering or reflow processes. Designers must ensure their PCB assembly profiles do not exceed these limits to avoid damaging internal wire bonds or the LED chip itself.
3. Binning System Description
The datasheet indicates the device is "binned for luminous intensity." This refers to a grading or sorting process performed during manufacturing. Due to natural variations in semiconductor epitaxial growth and chip fabrication, LEDs from the same production batch can have slight differences in key parameters like luminous intensity and forward voltage. To ensure consistency for the end user, manufacturers test each unit and sort them into different "bins" based on measured performance. The LTS-3403LJF is specifically binned for luminous intensity. This means when a designer orders a quantity of these displays, the variation in brightness between individual units will be confined to a predefined range. This is critical for applications using multiple digits side-by-side, as it prevents noticeable brightness differences between displays. The datasheet does not specify separate binning for wavelength or forward voltage, suggesting tight process control for these parameters or that the product's binning is primarily focused on intensity.
4. Uchambuzi wa Mviringo wa Utendakazi
Ingawa mwongozo unataja ukurasa wa "Mviringo wa Kawaida wa Umeme/Optiki," yaliyotolewa hayajumuisha michoro halisi. Kwa kawaida, mviringo kama huu ni muhimu sana kwa kubuni. Mtu angetarajia kuona mviringo wa sasa ya mbele dhidi ya voltage ya mbele, ambao unaonyesha uhusiano usio wa mstari kati ya sasa na voltage kwenye kiungo cha LED. Mviringo huu husaidia mbuni kuchagua thamani sahihi ya upinzani wa kikomo cha sasa kwa voltage fulani ya usambazaji. Mviringo wa nguvu ya jamaa ya mwanga dhidi ya sasa ya mbele unaonyesha jinsi mwangaza unavyoongezeka kwa sasa, kwa kawaida kwa uhusiano wa chini ya mstari, na husaidia katika usawazishaji bora kati ya mwangaza na matumizi ya nguza/ufanisi. Mviringo wa nguvu ya jamaa ya mwanga dhidi ya joto la mazingira ni muhimu kwa kuelewa jinsi mwangaza unavyopungua kadiri joto la uendeshaji linavyopanda, jambo muhimu kwa kubuni mifumo inayofanya kazi katika anuwai ya joto. Hatimaye, mchoro wa usambazaji wa wigo unaonyesha kwa kuona nguvu ya mwanga inayotolewa kwenye wavelengths tofauti karibu na kilele cha 611 nm, kuonyesha sura na upana wa wigo wa utoaji. Wabuni wanapaswa kutazama mwongozo kamili wa mtengenezaji kwa uwakilishi huu wa michoro ili kufanya maamuzi ya kina kuhusu sasa ya kuendesha na usimamizi wa joto.
5. Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungaji
Mechanical design ensures reliable physical integration. The package outline drawing provides all critical dimensions required for PCB pad design, including overall length, width, height, pin pitch, the diameter and location of mounting holes, and the distance from the bottom of the package to the mounting plane. The pin connection table is a functional map of the 17-pin package. It shows this is a common cathode configuration, where the cathodes of all LED segments are internally connected together. The anode of each segment, as well as the left and right decimal points, are brought out to individual pins. Several pins are listed as "No Pin", meaning they are physically present but not electrically connected. Polarity is clearly indicated by the common cathode designation. The gray panel and white segments provide the visual interface.
6. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines
Proper handling during assembly is critical for long-term reliability. The key guideline provided is the soldering temperature specification: 260°C for 3 seconds at 1/16 inch below the mounting plane. This is guidance for wave soldering. For reflow soldering, a standard lead-free profile with a peak temperature of 260°C is applicable, but the time above liquidus should be controlled to minimize thermal stress. Designers should ensure the PCB pad layout matches the recommended pad pattern in the outline drawing to prevent tombstoning or misalignment. The device should be stored in its original moisture barrier bag prior to use, especially if not intended for immediate assembly, to prevent moisture absorption that can cause "popcorning" during reflow. Operating and storage temperature ranges should be observed throughout the supply chain and product lifecycle. Avoid mechanical stress on the lens or pins during handling.
7. Mapendekezo ya Utumizi7.1 Typical Application Circuit
LTS-3403LJF, kama kionyeshi cha cathode ya pamoja, kwa kawaida huendeshwa na kiendeshi cha "sink current". Hii inamaanisha pini ya microcontroller au IC ya kiendeshi imeunganishwa kwenye anode ya sehemu na hutoa mkondo ili kuwasaa, wakati pini ya cathode ya pamoja imeunganishwa kwenye ardhi, kwa kawaida kupitia transistor inayoweza kushughulikia jumla ya mkondo wa sehemu zote. Saketi ya msingi inahusisha kuunganisha kila pini ya anode kupitia kipingamkato cha mkondo hadi kwenye pini ya GPIO ya microcontroller. Thamani ya kipingamkato hiki huhesabiwa kwa kutumia sheria ya Ohm: R = (Vcc - Vf) / If. Pini ya cathode ya pamoja itaunganishwa kwenye kolekta ya transistor ya NPN, na emitter iko kwenye ardhi. Microcontroller itawasha transistor ili kuonyesha nambari. Kwa uchanganuzi wa mwendo wa alama nyingi za nambari, anode za sehemu zinazolingana zimeunganishwa pamoja kwenye nambari, na cathode ya pamoja ya kila nambari inadhibitiwa kwa pekee, ikiwasha kila nambari kwa haraka kwa mpangilio.
7.2 Design Considerations and Precautions
Several important considerations must be addressed.Current Limiting:Usiunganishe LED moja kwa moja kwenye chanzo cha voltage bila upinzani wa kudhibiti mkondo au kichocheo cha mkondo wa mara kwa mara, vinginevyo LED itachukua mkondo mwingi na kuharibika.Upunguzaji joto:Ingawa LED zina ufanisi mzuri, kila sehemu inaweza kutawanyika nguvu hadi 65 mW. Katika matumizi ambapo sehemu nyingi zinawaka kwa muda mrefu, hakikisha uingizaji hewa wa kutosha au upunguzaji joto ikiwa unafanya kazi karibu na joto la juu kabisa.Pembe ya maono:Mtazamo mpana ni muhimu, lakini ili kupata usomaji bora zaidi, fikiria mstari wa macho wa mtumiaji mkuu unapoweka skrini ndani ya kisanduku.Kinga ya ESD:LED za AlInGaP zinaweza kuwa nyeti kwa utokaji umeme tuli. Tekeleza tahadhari za kawaida za usindikaji ESD wakati wa usanikishaji.Decoupling and Noise:In an electrically noisy environment, consider adding a small decoupling capacitor near the power connection of the display to stabilize the power supply.
8. Technical Comparison and Differentiation
The LTS-3403LJF primarily achieves differentiation through its semiconductor material, AlInGaP. Compared to older red LEDs based on GaAsP, AlInGaP offers significantly higher luminous efficiency, better color and brightness temperature stability, and more saturated, purer colors in the amber/yellow-orange/red spectral regions. Compared to white LEDs, it provides a single, narrow-band emission, which is advantageous in applications requiring specific wavelength filtering or color purity without the broad spectrum of white light. Its 0.8-inch size fills the gap between smaller indicator lights and larger, high-power consumption displays. The common-cathode configuration is standard and compatible with a wide range of driver ICs and microcontroller port configurations designed for common-cathode dynamic scanning.
9. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara
Swali: Kuna tofauti gani kati ya urefu wa wimbi wa kilele na urefu wa wimbi mkuu?
Jibu: Urefu wa wimbi wa kilele ni urefu wa wimbi mmoja ambao wigo wa utoaji unafikia kiwango cha juu zaidi cha nguvu. Urefu wa wimbi mkuu ni urefu wa wimbi wa mwanga wa rangi moja ambao unaonekana kwa jicho la mwanadamu kuwa sawa na rangi ya pato la LED. Kwa kawaida hutofautiana kidogo. Urefu wa wimbi mkuu ni muhimu zaidi kwa vipimo vya rangi.
Je: Naweza kutumia microcontroller ya 3.3V kuendesha kionyeshi hiki?
Jibu: Ndiyo, lakini ni lazima ukagalie voltage ya mbele (forward voltage). Vf ya kawaida ni 2.6V. Unapotumia chanzo cha umeme cha 3.3V, kushuka kwa voltage kwenye kipingamizi cha kudhibiti mkondo ni 0.7V tu. Ili kufikia mkondo wa 15mA, unahitaji kipingamizi cha takriban ohm 46.7. Hii inawezekana, lakini mkondo utakuwa nyeti zaidi kwa mabadiliko ya Vf. Kwa kawaida inakubalika, lakini inahitaji kuthibitisha ikiwa mwangaza unakidhi mahitaji.
Je: Kwa nini kuna pini nne za cathode za pamoja?
A: Pins nyingi za cathode husaidia kugawa mkondo wa jumla wakati sehemu zote zinawaka. Jumla ya mkondo wa sehemu 7 pamoja na nukta ya desimali inaweza kuzidi 200 mA. Kusambaza mkondo kwenye pins nyingi na njia za PCB hupunguza msongamano wa mkondo, kupunguza kupungua kwa voltage, na kuboresha uaminifu.
Q: Inamaanisha nini "inapatana na IC"?
A: Hii inamaanisha kuwa sifa za umeme za LED ziko ndani ya upeo ambao pini za pato za mzunguko wa jumla wa dijiti wa kawaida zinaweza kuendesha moja kwa moja, mradi tu kikomo cha upinzani cha mkondo kitumike. Hii haimaanishi kuwa inaweza kuunganishwa moja kwa moja bila kupinga.
10. Design and Use Case Studies
Fikiria kubuni kidhibiti joto la dijiti rahisi. Mfumo hutumia kidhibiti ndogo kusoma sensor ya joto na kuonyesha sehemu iliyowekwa au joto la sasa kwenye kiashiria cha dijiti kimoja. LTS-3403LJF imechaguliwa kwa uwazi wake, matumizi ya nguvu chini na pembe ya kuona pana. Kidhibiti ndogo inafanya kazi kwenye 5V. Mbuni amehesabu thamani ya upinzani kwa mkondo wa sehemu ya 12 mA ili kusawazisha mwangaza na matumizi ya nguvu. Upinzani saba wa ohms 200 hutumiwa kwa kila anode ya sehemu. Pini za cathode za pamoja zimeunganishwa pamoja na kuunganishwa kwenye kolekta ya transistor ya NPN. Emiteri ya transistor imewekwa chini, na msingi unaendeshwa na pini ya GPIO ya kidhibiti ndogo kupitia upinzani wa 10k. Ili kuonyesha nambari, kidhibiti ndogo huweka muundo wa pini za anode za sehemu kuwa ya juu na kuwasha transistor ili kukamilisha mzunguko hadi chini. Rangi ya manjano-machungwa inaonekana wazi chini ya hali ya kawaida ya taa ya ndani. Ukadiriaji thabiti wa joto unahakikisha kuwa onyesho linafanya kazi kwa uaminifu hata kama kidhibiti joto kimewekwa kwenya dari ya joto au karakana baridi.
11. Utangulizi wa Kanuni ya Kazi
LTS-3403LJF inafanya kazi kulingana na kanuni ya msingi ya umeme-luminisheni katika makutano ya p-n ya semikondukta. Kifaa hiki hutumia alumini-indiamu-gali fosforasi kama nyenzo ya semikondukta hai. Kiwanja hiki kinaota kwa njia ya epitaksia kwenye msingi wa galliamu arsenidi usio na uwazi. Wakati voltage ya mbele inayozidi voltage ya pengo la bendi ya nyenzo inatumiwa, elektroni kutoka eneo la aina-n na mashimo kutoka eneo la aina-p huingizwa kwenye eneo lenye shughuli. Wakati vibebaji hivi vya malipo vinapojumlishwa tena, hutoa nishati. Katika semikondukta yenye pengo la bendi la moja kwa moja kama AlInGaP, nishati hii hutolewa hasa kwa njia ya fotoni. Urefu maalum wa mwanga unaotolewa huamuliwa na nishati ya pengo la bendi ya aloi ya AlInGaP, ambayo inadhibitiwa kwa uangalifu wakati wa mchakato wa utengenezaji. Paneli ya kijivu na sehemu nyeupe hufanya kazi kama mtawanyiko na kichungi cha tofauti, kwa mtiririko huo, zikibadilisha pato la mwanga kuwa sehemu za nambari zinazotambulika.
12. Mwenendo wa Teknolojia na Usuli
LTS-3403LJF inawakilisha teknolojia iliyokomaa na iliyoboreshwa. AlInGaP LED ilitengenezwa katika miaka ya 1990, na kwa kiasi kikubwa ilichukua nafasi ya GaAsP kwa viashiria vyekundu, ya machungwa na ya manjano yenye ufanisi na maonyesho. Tangu wakati huo, mwelekeo wa teknolojia za maonyesho umeelekea kwenye suluhisho zenye msongamano mkubwa zaidi, kama vile OLED zenye matrix ya nukta, LED ndogo sana, na LCD, kwa michoro tata. Hata hivyo, kwa mahitaji ya maonyesho rahisi, imara, ya gharama nafuu na yenye kuaminika sana ya tarakimu moja au nyingi, maonyesho ya LED yenye sehemu saba bado yanahusika sana. Faida zao ni pamoja na udhibiti rahisi sana, mwangaza na utofautishaji wa juu sana, anuwai pana ya halijoto ya uendeshaji, uwezo wa kuanza mara moja, na maisha ya huduma ya mamia ya maelfu ya masaa. Mwelekeo wa sasa wa maendeleo katika uwanja huu unalenga ufanisi wa juu zaidi, mikondo ya chini ya kuendesha, na ujumuishaji wa moja kwa moja wa saketi ya kuendesha kwenye kifurushi cha kuonyesha. Kanuni ya msingi ya chanzo cha mwanga thabiti na kuaminika kwa uonyeshaji wa nambari inayowakilishwa na LTS-3403LJF, bado ni kizuizi cha kimsingi cha muundo wa umeme katika tasnia nyingi.
Maelezo ya kina ya Istilahi za Vigezo vya LED
Kamusi Kamili ya Istilahi za Teknolojia ya LED
I. Viashiria Muhimu vya Utendaji wa Kielektroniki na Mwanga
| Istilahi | Unit/Penunjukkan | Penjelasan Populer | Kwa nini ni muhimu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ufanisi wa Mwanga (Luminous Efficacy) | lm/W (lumens per watt) | The luminous flux emitted per watt of electrical power; the higher the value, the more energy-efficient. | Directly determines the energy efficiency rating and electricity cost of the luminaire. |
| Fluxi Mwangaza (Luminous Flux) | lm (lumen) | Jumla ya kiasi cha mwanga kinachotolewa na chanzo cha mwanga, kinachojulikana kwa kawaida kama "mwangaza". | Huamua kama taa inatosha kuwa na mwangaza. |
| Pembe ya kuona mwanga (Viewing Angle) | ° (degree), such as 120° | The angle at which light intensity drops to half, determining the beam width. | Affects the illumination range and uniformity. |
| Joto la rangi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), k.m. 2700K/6500K | Joto la rangi ya mwanga, thamani ya chini huelekea manjano/joto, thamani ya juu huelekea nyeupe/baridi. | Huamua mazingira ya taa na matumizi yanayofaa. |
| Kielelezo cha Uonyeshaji Rangi (CRI / Ra) | Unitless, 0–100 | The ability of a light source to reproduce the true colors of objects, with Ra≥80 being preferable. | Inaathiri usahihi wa rangi, hutumiwa katika maeneo yenye mahitaji makubwa kama vile maduka makubwa, makumbusho ya sanaa. |
| Tofauti ya uvumilivu wa rangi (SDCM) | Idadi ya hatua za duaradufu ya MacAdam, kama "5-step" | A quantitative indicator of color consistency; the smaller the step number, the better the color consistency. | Ensure no color difference among luminaires from the same batch. |
| Wavelengthu Kuu (Dominant Wavelength) | nm (nanomita), k.m. 620nm (nyekundu) | Thamani ya wavelength inayolingana na rangi ya LED ya rangi. | Determines the hue of monochromatic LEDs such as red, yellow, and green. |
| Spectral Distribution | Wavelength vs. Intensity Curve | It shows the intensity distribution of light emitted by an LED across various wavelengths. | It affects color rendering and color quality. |
Vigezo vya Umeme
| Istilahi | Ishara | Penjelasan Populer | Vidokezo vya Ubunifu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Voltage ya Mbele (Forward Voltage) | Vf | Voltage ya chini inayohitajika kuwasha LED, kama "kizingiti cha kuanzisha". | Voltage ya chanzo cha umeme inahitaji kuwa ≥ Vf, voltage inajumlishwa wakati LED nyingi zimeunganishwa mfululizo. |
| Forward Current | If | The current value that enables the LED to emit light normally. | Inatumika kwa kawaida kuendesha kwa mkondo wa kudumu, mkondo huamua mwangaza na maisha ya huduma. |
| Maximum Pulse Current | Ifp | Peak current that can be withstood for a short period, used for dimming or flashing. | Pulse width and duty cycle must be strictly controlled, otherwise overheating damage will occur. |
| Reverse Voltage | Vr | Upeo wa juu wa voltage ya nyuma ambayo LED inaweza kustahimili, ukizidi huo unaweza kusababisha kuvunjika. | Katika mzunguko, ni muhimu kuzuia uunganishaji wa kinyume au mshtuko wa voltage. |
| Thermal Resistance | Rth (°C/W) | Upinzani wa joto kutoka kwenye chip hadi kwenye sehemu ya kuuza, thamani ya chini inaonyesha usambazaji bora wa joto. | Upinzani mkubwa wa joto unahitaji muundo wa upoaji joto wenye nguvu zaidi, vinginevyo joto la kiungo litaongezeka. |
| Uvumilivu wa kutokwa na umeme tuli (ESD Immunity) | V (HBM), kama 1000V | Uwezo wa kupiga umeme tuli, thamani ya juu zaidi inamaanisha uwezo mdogo wa kuharibika na umeme tuli. | Hatua za kinga dhidi ya umeme tuli zinahitajika katika uzalishaji, hasa kwa LED zenye usikivu mkubwa. |
III. Usimamizi wa Joto na Uaminifu
| Istilahi | Viashiria Muhimu | Penjelasan Populer | Athari |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joto la Kiungo (Junction Temperature) | Tj (°C) | The actual operating temperature inside the LED chip. | For every 10°C reduction, the lifespan may double; excessively high temperatures lead to lumen depreciation and color shift. |
| Lumen Depreciation | L70 / L80 (saa) | Muda unaohitajika ili mwangaza upunguke hadi 70% au 80% ya thamani ya awali. | Kufafanua moja kwa moja "maisha ya huduma" ya LED. |
| Kiwango cha Kudumisha Lumens (Lumen Maintenance) | % (kama 70%) | Asilimia ya mwangaza uliobaki baada ya kutumia kwa muda fulani. | Inaonyesha uwezo wa kudumisha mwangaza baada ya matumizi ya muda mrefu. |
| Color Shift | Δu′v′ or MacAdam Ellipse | The degree of color change during use. | Inaathiri uthabiti wa rangi katika eneo la taa. |
| Thermal Aging | Kupungua kwa utendaji wa nyenzo. | Uharibifu wa nyenzo za ufungaji unaosababishwa na joto la muda mrefu. | Inaweza kusababisha kupungua kwa mwangaza, mabadiliko ya rangi, au kushindwa kwa mzunguko wazi. |
Nne. Ufungaji na Nyenzo
| Istilahi | Aina za Kawaida | Penjelasan Populer | Sifa na Matumizi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aina ya Ufungaji | EMC, PPA, Ceramic | A housing material that protects the chip and provides optical and thermal interfaces. | EMC offers good heat resistance and low cost; ceramics provide superior heat dissipation and long lifespan. |
| Chip Architecture | Face-up, Flip Chip | Chip Electrode Layout Method. | Flip-chip offers better heat dissipation and higher luminous efficacy, suitable for high-power applications. |
| Phosphor coating | YAG, silicates, nitrides | Coated on the blue LED chip, partially converted to yellow/red light, mixed to form white light. | Different phosphors affect luminous efficacy, color temperature, and color rendering. |
| Lens/Usanifu wa Optics | Uso wa gorofa, microlens, kutafakari kwa jumla | Optical structure on the encapsulation surface, controlling light distribution. | Determines the emission angle and light distribution curve. |
V. Quality Control and Binning
| Istilahi | Yaliyomo katika Uainishaji | Penjelasan Populer | Kusudi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luminous flux binning | Codes such as 2G, 2H | Grouped by brightness level, each group has a minimum/maximum lumen value. | Ensure consistent brightness within the same batch of products. |
| Voltage binning | Codes such as 6W, 6X | Group by forward voltage range. | Facilitates driver power matching and improves system efficiency. |
| Kundi la rangi | 5-step MacAdam ellipse | Group by color coordinates to ensure colors fall within an extremely narrow range. | Ensure color consistency to avoid uneven color within the same luminaire. |
| Color temperature binning | 2700K, 3000K, n.k. | Pangilia kwa makundi kulingana na joto la rangi, kila kundi lina anuwai maalum ya kuratibu. | Inakidhi mahitaji ya joto la rangi katika mazingira mbalimbali. |
Sita, Upimaji na Uthibitishaji
| Istilahi | Kigezo/Upimaji | Penjelasan Populer | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Lumen Maintenance Test | Long-term operation under constant temperature conditions, recording luminance attenuation data. | Used for estimating LED lifetime (combined with TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Lifetime projection standard | Kuhesabu maisha ya matumizi halisi kulingana na data ya LM-80. | Kutoa utabiri wa maisha wa kisayansi. |
| IESNA standard | Illuminating Engineering Society Standard | Covers optical, electrical, and thermal test methods. | Misingizo ya upimaji inayokubalika katika tasnia. |
| RoHS / REACH | Uthibitisho wa mazingira | Hakikisha bidhaa hazina vitu hatari (kama risasi, zebaki). | Masharti ya kuingia kwenye soko la kimataifa. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Energy Efficiency Certification | Energy efficiency and performance certification for lighting products. | Commonly used in government procurement and subsidy programs to enhance market competitiveness. |