SMD LED 19-213/BHC-AP1Q2/3T Blue LED Datasheet - Blue - Forward Current 20mA - Power Dissipation 75mW - Technical Documentation

1. Mchanganuo wa Bidhaa

19-213/BHC-AP1Q2/3T是一款表面贴装器件（SMD）LED，专为需要紧凑、高效、可靠光源的现代电子应用而设计。该器件为单色类型，具体发射蓝光，采用无铅材料制造，确保符合RoHS、欧盟REACH及无卤要求（溴<900 ppm，氯<900 ppm，溴+氯<1500 ppm）等当代环保与安全标准。

The primary advantage of this SMD LED lies in its miniature package size, which is significantly smaller than traditional lead-frame type LEDs. This size reduction enables designers to achieve smaller printed circuit board (PCB) layouts, higher component assembly density, lower storage space requirements, and ultimately, the development of more compact end-user equipment. Furthermore, its lightweight construction makes it an ideal choice for applications with stringent weight control requirements.

Kifaa hiki kinapatikana katika muundo wa kiwango cha tasnia wa mkanda wa kubeba wa mm 8 na reel ya kipenyo cha inchi 7, kuhakikisha utangamano na vifaa vya kiotomatiki vya kasi ya juu vya kupachika vinavyotumika kwa wingi katika uzalishaji. Muundo wake pia unalingana na mchakao wa kiwango wa kuchomelea kwa mionzi ya infrared (IR) na gesi, na kuifanya iwe rahisi kuunganishwa kwenye mstari wa usanikishaji wa kiotomatiki.

2. Ufafanuzi wa Vigezo vya Kiufundi

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

Absolute maximum ratings define the limits beyond which permanent damage to the device may occur. These values are specified at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 25°C and must not be exceeded under any operating conditions.

• Reverse Voltage (VR):5 V. LED hii haikusudiwa kufanya kazi kinyume; voltage inayozidi hii inaweza kusababisha kushindwa mara moja.
• Mwendo wa mbele (IF):20 mA. Hii ndiyo mkondo unaopendekezwa wa kufanya kazi endelevu.
• Mwendo wa kilele wa mbele (IFP):40 mA. This value is only permissible under pulse conditions with a duty cycle of 1/10 and a frequency of 1 kHz.
• Power Dissipation (Pd):75 mW. This is the maximum power that the package can dissipate without exceeding its thermal limits.
• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Human Body Model (HBM):150 V. Proper ESD handling procedures must be followed to prevent potential damage.
• Operating Temperature (Topr):-40°C hadi +85°C. Kifaa hiki kimepangwa kufanya kazi katika anuwai hii pana ya joto.
• Joto la uhifadhi (Tstg):-40°C hadi +90°C.
• Joto la kuchomelea (Tsol):For reflow soldering, the peak temperature is specified as 260°C for a maximum of 10 seconds. For manual soldering, the soldering iron tip temperature should not exceed 350°C, with a maximum of 3 seconds per solder terminal.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

Photoelectric characteristics are measured under the conditions of Ta=25°C and IF=20 mA, representing the typical performance of the device under standard operating conditions.

• Nguvu ya mwanga (Iv):Thamani ya kawaida haijabainishwa kama nambari moja; badala yake, vifaa vimepangwa katika makundi. Anuwai inatoka kiwango cha chini cha 45.0 mcd hadi kiwango cha juu cha 112.0 mcd. Pembe ya mtazamo (2θ1/2) kwa kawaida ni digrii 120, ikitoa muundo wa boriti mpana.
• Urefu wa wimbi la kilele (λp):Typically 468 nm, indicating the wavelength at which spectral emission is strongest.
• Dominant Wavelength (λd):Ranges from 464.5 nm to 476.5 nm. This is the single wavelength perceived by the human eye, also binned.
• Spectral Radiant Bandwidth (Δλ):Typically 25 nm, it defines the width of the emission spectrum at half of the maximum intensity (Full Width at Half Maximum, FWHM).
• Forward Voltage (VF):At IF=20mA, the range is from 2.7 V to 3.7 V. The tolerance for this parameter is ±0.1V, and it is also binned.
• Reverse Current (IR):Maximum 50 μA when a 5V reverse voltage (VR) is applied. This test condition is for characterization only.

Important Note:Vigezo muhimu vinabainisha uvumilivu: nguvu ya mwanga (±11%), wavelength kuu (±1 nm), na voltage ya mbele (±0.1 V). Kifaa hiki hakikusudiwa kufanya kazi kwa nyuma; ukadiriaji wa VR unatumika tu kwa jaribio la IR.

3. Binning System Description

Ili kuhakikisha uthabiti wa rangi na mwangaza katika uzalishaji, LED hupangwa katika daraja kulingana na nguvu ya mwanga na wavelength kuu.

3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning

Uainishaji huo unafafanuliwa na msimbo wa herufi-nambari (P1, P2, Q1, Q2), ambapo kila msimbo hufunika anuwai maalum ya nguvu ya mwanga inayopimwa kwa millicandela (mcd) wakati IF=20mA.

• Bin P1:45.0 mcd (min) to 57.0 mcd (max)
• Bin P2:57.0 mcd to 72.0 mcd
• Bin Q1:72.0 mcd to 90.0 mcd
• Bin Q2:90.0 mcd to 112.0 mcd

3.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning

Wavelength bins are defined by alphanumeric codes (A9, A10, A11, A12), each covering a specific dominant wavelength range measured in nanometers (nm) at IF=20mA.

• Binning A9:464.5 nm to 467.5 nm
• Binning A10:467.5 nm to 470.5 nm
• Bin A11:470.5 nm to 473.5 nm
• Bin A12:473.5 nm to 476.5 nm

This binning allows designers to select components that meet the precise brightness and color consistency requirements of their application.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

Mwongozo wa vipimo unatoa mikunjo kadhaa ya kawaida ya sifa, inayoonyesha tabia ya kifaa chini ya hali tofauti. Hii ni muhimu kwa kuelewa utendaji katika mazingira halisi ya matumizi.

• Ukubwa wa Mwanga wa Jamaa vs. Joto la Mazingira:This curve shows how the light output decreases when the ambient temperature exceeds 25°C. This is crucial for thermal management design to maintain the required brightness level.
• Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current:This graph illustrates the nonlinear relationship between drive current and light output. Operating beyond the recommended 20mA may yield diminishing returns in brightness while increasing the device's heat and stress.
• Forward Current vs. Forward Voltage (IV Curve):This fundamental curve illustrates the exponential relationship between voltage and current in a diode. The specified VF range (2.7V-3.7V at 20mA) is read from this curve.
• Forward Current Derating Curve:Mkunjo huu unabainisha kiwango cha juu cha ruhusiwa cha mkondo wa moja kwa moja kama utendakazi wa joto la mazingira. Kadiri joto linavyoongezeka, kiwango cha juu cha salama cha mkondo hupungua ili kuzuia joto kupita kiasi.
• Usambazaji wa wigo:Mchoro wa uhusiano wa nguvu ya jamaa na urefu wa wimbi, unaozingatia urefu wa wimbi wa kilele cha kawaida cha 468 nm, na upana wa bendi takriban 25 nm.
• Mchoro wa mnururisho:A polar plot describing the spatial distribution of light intensity, confirming a typical 120-degree viewing angle.

5. Mechanical and Packaging Information

5.1 Package Dimensions

The datasheet contains detailed mechanical drawings of the LED package. The drawings specify all critical dimensions, including length, width, height, pad size, and their positions. Unless otherwise noted, dimensional tolerance is ±0.1 mm. This information is crucial for PCB pad design (land pattern) to ensure proper soldering and alignment.

5.2 Reel and Carrier Tape Dimensions

Bidhaa hutoa kwa ufungashaji unaokinga unyevunyevu. Vipimo vya mkanda wa kubeba vimebainishwa ili kushikilia vipengele kwa usalama. Kila mfuko una vyande 3000. Michoro ya kina ya reeli (kipenyo cha inchi 7), mkanda wa kubeba, na mkanda wa kufunika imetolewa, isipokuwa imebainishwa vinginevyo, uvumilivu wote ni ±0.1 mm. Hii inahakikisha utangamano na vifaa vya usanikishaji otomatiki.

5.3 Label Description

Lebo ya ufungashaji inajumuisha maelezo muhimu ya kufuatilia na utumiaji sahihi:

• CPN:Nambari ya Bidhaa ya Mteja.
• P/N:Nambari ya bidhaa (mfano, 19-213/BHC-AP1Q2/3T).
• QTY:Idadi ya vifurushi.
• CAT:Ngazi ya nguvu ya mwanga (Msimbo wa kiwango cha nguvu).
• HUE:Chromaticity coordinates and dominant wavelength grade (wavelength bin code).
• REF:Forward voltage grade.
• LOT No:Nambari ya kundi la uzalishaji, inayotumika kwa ufuatiliaji.

Mfuko wa kuzuia unyevu una vyombo vya kukausha na kadi ya kiashiria cha unyevu, ili kulinda vipengele dhidi ya unyevu wakati wa uhifadhi na usafirishaji.

6. Mwongozo wa Uchimbaji na Usanikishaji

6.1 Uhifadhi na Uendeshaji

LED hizi ni nyeti kwa unyevu. Mfuko wa kuzuia unyevu haupaswi kufunguliwa kabla ya kutumia vipengele. Baada ya kufungua:

• LED inafaa kuhifadhiwa kwenye ≤30°C na unyevunyevu wa ≤60%.
• Lazima itumike ndani ya saa 168 (siku 7).
• LED isiyotumika inafaa kufungwa tena kwenye mfuko wa kuzuia unyevu ulio na draya mpya.
• Ikiwa muda wa uhifadhi umepita au draya inaonyesha unyevu wa juu, inahitajika kukaushwa kwa masaa 24 kwenye joto la 60 ±5°C kabla ya kuchomelea.

6.2 Reflow Soldering Temperature Profile

Specified the lead-free reflow soldering temperature profile:

• Preheat:150-200°C, for 60-120 seconds.
• Time above liquidus (217°C):60-150 seconds.
• Peak temperature:Hadi kufikia 260°C.
• Muda wa kilele:Kwa upeo wa sekunde 10.
• Kasi ya joto:Hadi 6°C/s kiwango cha juu hadi 255°C, kisha hadi 3°C/s kiwango cha juu hadi kiwango cha juu cha joto.

Tahadhari Muhimu:Uuzaji wa reflow haupaswi kutekelezwa zaidi ya mara mbili. Mkazo haupaswi kutumika kwenye LED wakati wa kupokanzwa, na PCB haipaswi kupindika baada ya kuuzwa.

6.3 Manual Soldering and Rework

If manual soldering is unavoidable:

• 使用烙铁头温度<350°C的烙铁。
• Muda wa kulehemu kwa kila mwisho wa muunganisho usizidi ≤ sekunde 3.
• Tumia chuma cha kulehemu chenye nguvu ≤25W.
• Kukata kila mwisho wa kuunganisha kwa angalau sekunde 2 kati ya kila mmoja.

Haipendekezwi kabisa kufanya marekebisho baada ya kukata. Ikiwa ni lazima kabisa, tumia chuma cha kukatia chenye vichwa viwili ili kuwasha mwisho wa kuunganisha wote kwa wakati mmoja na kuepeka mkazo wa mitambo. Ni lazima kutathmini mapema uwezekano wa kuharibu sifa za LED wakati wa mchakato wa kurekebisha.

7. Application Recommendations

7.1 Mazingira ya Kawaida ya Utumizi

Kulingana na spec sheet, LED hii ya bluu ya SMD inafaa kwa matumizi mbalimbali ya viashiria vya nguvu ya kati na ya chini na taa za nyuma, ikiwa ni pamoja na:

• Backlighting:Used for instrument panels, switches, and symbols in consumer electronics, automotive interiors (non-critical), and industrial control panels.
• Communication Equipment:Viasho vya hali na taa za nyuma za kibodi katika simu na mashine za faksi.
• Taa ya nyuma ya LCD:Kama chanzo cha mwanga cha nyuma cha gorofa kwa maonyesho ya LCD ya rangi moja au ya sehemu ndogo.
• Onyesho la jumla:Viashiria vya hali ya umeme, uteuzi wa hali, na viashiria vingine vya kiolesura cha mtumiaji katika vifaa vya elektroniki mbalimbali.

7.2 Mazingatio ya Ubunifu

• Kikomo cha Sasa:An external current limiting resistor isrequired. The forward voltage has a range (2.7V-3.7V). Due to the exponential I-V characteristic of the diode, a small variation in the supply voltage can cause a large and potentially destructive change in the forward current. The resistor value must be calculated based on the worst-case VF (minimum) to ensure the current never exceeds the 20mA continuous absolute maximum rating.
• Usimamizi wa joto:Ingawa kifurushi ni kidogo, ni muhimu kuzingatia matumizi ya nguvu (kiwango cha juu cha 75mW) na mkunjo wa kupunguza nguvu, hasa katika mazingira yenye joto la juu la mazingira au katika nafasi zilizofungwa. Eneo la kutosha la shaba la PCB (kibao cha kutawanya joto) husaidia katika kutawanya joto.
• Ulinzi wa ESD:Thamani ya 150V HBM ESD ni ya chini kiasi. Tekeleza hatua za ulinzi wa ESD kwenye PCB zinazotumia LED hizi, na kufuata taratibu sahihi za ESD kila wakati wakati wa usanikishaji na uendeshaji.

7.3 Application Limitations

Spec inasema wazi kuwa bidhaa hiiHaipendekezwi kwa matumizi ya kuaminika sana.Kwa mfano, mifumo ya kijeshi/anga au mifumo ya usalama/usalama wa magari (k.m., taa za breki, viashiria viairbag). Kwa matumizi kama hayo, LED zilizo na uthibitisho unaolingana wa magari (AEC-Q101) au wa kijeshi zinapaswa kuchaguliwa.

8. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)

Q1: Kwa nini upinzani wa kuzuia mkondo ni muhimu kabisa?
A1: LED ni vifaa vinavyotumia mkondo. Voltage yao ya mbele (VF) ina uvumilivu wa uzalishaji na hubadilika kulingana na joto. Bila upinzani uliosanidiwa mfululizo, mkondo umedhamiriwa tu na voltage ya usambazaji na upinzani wa mwendo wa LED, ambao ni wa chini sana. Kuongezeka kidogo kwa voltage ya usambazaji au kupungua kwa VF (kutokana na joto la juu) kunaweza kusababisha mwinuko wa mkondo kuzidi kiwango cha juu cha 20mA, na kusababisha joto la haraka na kushindwa kufanya kazi. Upinzani hutoa mkondo thabiti, unaotabirika na salama.

Q2: Ninawezaje kuchagua kategoria sahihi kwa matumizi yangu?
A2: Uchaguzi unategemea mahitaji yako ya usawa wa mwangaza na uthabiti wa rangi. Ikiwa LED nyingi zitatumiwa kwa upande mmoja (kwa mfano, katika safu au michoro ya mistari), kuchagua LED kutoka kwa kategoria sawa ya nguvu ya mwanga (CAT) na kategoria ya wavelength kuu (HUE) ni muhimu ili kuepuka tofauti zinazoonekana za mwangaza au tone la bluu. Kwa matumizi ya kiashiria kimoja yasiyo na mahitaji makali, kategoria pana inaweza kukubalika na kuwa na gharama nafuu zaidi.

Q3: Naweza kutumia mkondo wa msukumo wa zaidi ya 20mA kuendesha LED hii ili iwe mkubwa zaidi?
A3: Ndiyo, lakini tu ndani ya mipaka madhubuti. Datasheet inabainisha mkondo wa kilele cha mbele (IFP) wa 40mA kwa uwiano wa kazi wa 1/10 na mzunguko wa 1kHz. Kuendesha kwa msukumo kunaweza kufikia mwangaza unaohisiwa wa juu zaidi. Hata hivyo, lazima uhakikishe mkondo wa wastani wa wakati hauzidi kiwango cha mfululizo, na halijoto ya kiungo haizidi kikomo chake. Bado ni lazima kuzingatia mkunjo wa kupunguza nguvu na viwango vya matumizi ya nguvu.

Q4: Nini kitatokea ikiwa maisha ya karakana yazidi siku 7 baada ya kufungua mfuko wa kuzuia unyevu?
A4: Ufungaji wa plastiki wa SMD unachukua unyevu kutoka kwa hewa. Wakati wa upakiaji tena, unyevu huu uliofunikwa hubadilika haraka kuwa mvuke, unaoweza kusababisha mgawanyiko wa ndani, ufa wa kifuniko au kushindwa kwa mwamba wa kuuza ("popcorn" athari). Ikiwa muda wa maisha ya karakana unazidi, vipengele vinapaswa kupikwa (60°C, saa 24) ili kuondoa unyevu kabla ya kuuza salama.

9. Utangulizi wa Kanuni ya Uendeshaji

Kulingana na mwongozo wa uteuzi wa kifaa, LED hii inategemea muundo wa diode ya semiconducta iliyotengenezwa kwa nyenzo za indiamu-galliamu nitrati (InGaN). Wakati voltage chanya inayozidi kizingiti cha kufungua diode (takriban 2.7-3.7V) inatumika, elektroni na mashimo huingizwa kwenye eneo lenye ufanisi la semiconducta. Vibeba malipo hivi hujumuika na kutolea nishati kwa namna ya fotoni (mwanga). Muundo maalum wa aloi ya InGaN huamua nishati ya pengo la bendi ya semiconducta, ambayo huamua moja kwa moja urefu wa wimbi la mwanga unaotolewa (rangi). Katika mfano huu, aloi hiyo imeundwa kuzalisha fotoni katika eneo la bluu la wigo unaoonekana, na urefu wa wimbi wa kilele takriban 468 nm. Ufungaji wa resini wazi kama maji unalinda chip ya semiconducta na hutumika kama lenzi, ukiumba mwanga unaotolewa kuwa mtazamo mpana wa digrii 120.

10. Mwelekeo wa Teknolojia

19-213/BHC-AP1Q2/3T represents mature SMD LED technology. The overall LED industry trends associated with this component include the continuous drive towardsimproving efficiency(Zaidi lumens kwa kila watt), hii inaruhusu pato lenye mwangaza zaidi chini ya mkondo sawa, au mwangaza sawa kwa matumizi ya nguvu kidogo na joto linalotokana chini. Mwelekeo mwingine niUlinganifu wa rangi ulioimarika na uainishaji mkali zaidi, ili kukidhi mahitaji ya matumizi ya maonyesho na taa. Zaidi ya hayo,Kupunguzwa kwa ukubwaThe trend continues, with smaller package sizes (e.g., 0402, 0201 metric) becoming prevalent for space-constrained applications. Finally,Enhanced Reliability and Robustness, including higher ESD ratings and improved moisture resistance, are key development areas for extending LEDs into more demanding environments, such as automotive lighting.