16-213/BHC-AN1P2/3T SMD Blue LED Datasheet - Blue Emission - 5mA Forward Current - Technical Documentation

1. Product Overview

The 16-213/BHC-AN1P2/3T is a Surface-Mount Device (SMD) Light Emitting Diode (LED) designed for modern electronic applications requiring compact, efficient, and reliable indicator or backlight solutions. Utilizing InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) semiconductor technology, it produces blue light with a typical dominant wavelength of 468 nanometers. Its core design philosophy focuses on miniaturization and compatibility with automated, high-volume manufacturing processes.

Upeo wa msingi wa LED hii unatokana na ufungaji wake wa SMD. Ikilinganishwa na vipengele vya aina ya kawaida vilivyo na waya, inaweza kupunguza kwa kiasi kikubwa ukubwa wa bodi ya mzunguko wa kuchapishwa (PCB) na kuruhusu msongamano mkubwa wa mpangilio wa vipengele, jambo ambalo husaidia moja kwa moja kufikia umbo dogo la bidhaa ya mwisho. Zaidi ya hayo, ufungaji huu ni mwepesi, unaofaa kabisa kwa matumizi ya kubebebebwa na madogo madogo ambayo yana mahitaji madhubuti ya uzito.

Soko lengwa la LED hii ni pana, linajumuisha elektroniki za watumiaji, udhibiti wa viwanda, na sekta ya mawasiliano. Matumizi yake ya kawaida yanajumuisha taa za nyuma za dashibodi, swichi, na kibodi, pamoja na viashiria vya hali katika vifaa kama vile simu, mashine za faksi, n.k. Pia inafaa kwa matumizi ya taa ya jumla yanayohitaji chanzo cha mwanga cha bluu kilicho kompakt.

2. Technical Specifications and Objective Interpretation

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

Viwango vya juu kabisa hufafanua mipaka ya mkazo ambayo inaweza kusababisha uharibifu wa kudumu wa kifaa. Haya si hali za kawaida za uendeshaji.

• Voltage ya nyuma (V_R):5V. Exceeding this voltage under reverse bias may cause junction breakdown.
• Forward Current (I_F):25 mA. This is the recommended maximum continuous DC current for reliable operation.
• Peak Forward Current (I_FP):100 mA (duty cycle 1/10, frequency 1 kHz). This rating allows brief high-current pulses, suitable for multiplexed drive schemes, but continuous operation at this level is not recommended.
• Power Dissipation (P_d):95 mW. This is the maximum power the package can dissipate without exceeding its thermal limits, calculated as V_F* I_F.
• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Human Body Model (HBM):150V. Hii inaonyesha kifaa kina unyeti wa kati kwa ESD. Ni lazima kuchukua taratibu sahihi za usindikaji (k.m., kituo cha kazi kilichogunduliwa, povu ya kielektriki) ili kuzuia hitilafu zinazoweza kutokea au zenye uharibifu mkubwa.
• Muda wa kufanya kazi na uhifadhi:-40°C hadi +85°C (kufanya kazi), -40°C hadi +90°C (uhifadhi). Masafa mapana yanahakikisha utendaji katika mazingira magumu.
• Joto la kuunganishia:Kuunganishia kwa reflow (hadi 260°C, kwa sekunde 10 zaidi) au kuunganishia kwa mkono (hadi 350°C, kwa sekunde 3 zaidi). Mipangilio hii ya joto ni muhimu kwa mchakato wa usanikishaji usio na risasi.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

Vigezo hivi vimepimwa chini ya hali ya kawaida ya majaribio ya joto la mazingira la 25°C na mkondo wa mbele (I_F) wa 5 mA, isipokuwa ikitajwa vinginevyo.

• Ukali wa mwanga (I_v):28.5 hadi 72.0 mcd (millicandela). Safu mpana inasimamiwa kupitia mfumo wa kugawanya daraja (angalia Sehemu ya 3). Thamani ya kawaida haijapewa, ikimaanisha uchaguzi unahitaji kutegemea msimbo maalum wa daraja.
• Pembe ya mtazamo (2θ_1/2):Digrii 120 (thamani ya kawaida). Hii ndio pembe kamili wakati nguvu ya mwanga inapungua hadi nusu ya kilele chake. Pembe ya mtazamo ya 120° hutoa muundo mpana sana wa utoaji, unaofaa kwa taa za eneo badala ya boriti iliyolengwa.
• Urefu wa wimbi la kilele (λ_p):468 nm (thamani ya kawaida). Hii ndio urefu wa wimbi ambapo usambazaji wa nguvu ya wigo unafikia thamani ya juu zaidi.
• Urefu wa wimbi mkuu (λ_d):464.5 hadi 476.5 nm. Hii ndio urefu wa wimbi mmoja ambao jicho la binadamu huhisi rangi ya LED, pia unaathiriwa na kugawanywa daraja.
• Upana wa wigo (Δλ):35 nm (thamani ya kawaida). Hii inafafanua safu ya urefu wa wimbi unaotolewa unaozingatia urefu wa wimbi la kilele. Upana wa wigo mwembamba zaidi, unaonyesha rangi ya wigo safi zaidi.
• Forward voltage (V_F):2.7V to 3.7V, typically 3.3V at I_F=5mA. The tolerance for this parameter is ±0.05V. V_Fis crucial for designing current limiting circuits.
• Reverse current (I_R):Maximum 50 µA at V_R=5V. Low reverse current is desirable.

3. Bin System Description

To ensure color and brightness consistency in production, LEDs are sorted into different bins. This device uses two independent binning parameters.

3.1 Kugawanya Kwa Nguvu ya Mwanga

Luminous intensity is divided into four bins (N1, N2, P1, P2), each covering a specific range. The total span from the lowest (N1 minimum: 28.5 mcd) to the highest (P2 maximum: 72.0 mcd) is substantial. Designers must specify the required bin to guarantee the minimum brightness level for their application. The tolerance within a bin is ±11%.

3.2 Kugawanya Kwa Wimbi Kuu

The dominant wavelength, which determines the perceived blue hue, is divided into four bins (A9, A10, A11, A12). These bins range from 464.5 nm (bluer, shorter wavelength) to 476.5 nm (slightly greenish, longer wavelength). Specifying a bin ensures color consistency among multiple LEDs in a product. The tolerance within a bin is ±1 nm.

4. Uchambuzi wa Mkunjo wa Utendaji

The datasheet provides several characteristic curves, which are crucial for understanding the LED's behavior under different operating conditions.

4.1 Mkondo wa Mbele vs. Voltage ya Mbele (Mkunjo wa I-V)

This curve illustrates the typical exponential relationship of a diode. Within the recommended operating current range of 5-20 mA, the forward voltage remains relatively stable between 3.0V and 3.8V. This non-linear relationship highlights why constant current drivers are far superior to constant voltage sources for driving LEDs, as minor voltage variations can lead to significant current fluctuations.

4.2 Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current

This curve indicates that within the low to medium current range, light output is approximately proportional to the forward current. However, at extremely high currents, efficiency (light output per unit electrical input) typically decreases due to increased heat generation. Operating near the maximum rated current (25 mA) may offer higher brightness, but at the cost of reduced lifespan and lower efficiency.

4.3 Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature

Light output decreases as the ambient temperature rises. This is a key consideration for thermal management. For instance, if an LED operates at its maximum temperature (+85°C), its luminous intensity will be significantly lower than its rated value at 25°C. Adequate PCB thermal design (copper pours, vias) is necessary to minimize the LED junction temperature and maintain stable light output.

4.4 Forward Current Derating Curve

This graph clearly defines the maximum allowable continuous forward current as a function of ambient temperature. As temperature increases, the maximum safe operating current decreases linearly. This is to prevent the junction temperature from exceeding its limit, thereby accelerating performance degradation. Designers must use this curve to select an appropriate operating current based on the expected maximum ambient temperature.

4.5 Spectral Distribution

The spectrum confirms blue emission with a peak wavelength of approximately 468 nm and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of about 35 nm. Minimal emission in other parts of the visible spectrum indicates good color purity for this blue LED.

4.6 Radiation Pattern

The polar plot visually confirms a 120° viewing angle, showing a Lambertian-like emission pattern where intensity is highest at 0° (perpendicular to the chip) and smoothly decreases towards the edges.

5. Mechanical and Packaging Information

5.1 Package Dimensions

The LED is packaged in a standard SMD package. The dimension drawing provides key dimensions for PCB pad design, including body length, width, height, and lead (terminal) pitch. Adherence to these dimensions is necessary for proper placement and soldering. A note specifies that, unless otherwise stated, the general tolerance is ±0.1 mm.

5.2 Recommended Pad Layout

The recommended pad pattern (footprint) is provided. This includes pad dimensions, shape, and spacing. The datasheet correctly notes that this is a reference design and should be modified based on specific manufacturing capabilities (e.g., solder paste stencil design, reflow temperature profile). The primary goals of pad design are to ensure reliable solder joint formation and adequate heat dissipation.

6. Mwongozo wa Uchomeaji na Usanikishaji

6.1 Mkunjo wa Joto la Reflow Soldering

Provides a detailed temperature profile for lead-free reflow soldering. Key parameters include: preheat stage (150-200°C, lasting 60-120 seconds), time above liquidus (above 217°C, lasting 60-150 seconds), peak temperature not exceeding 260°C for a maximum of 10 seconds, and controlled ramp-up/cool-down rates. It explicitly states that reflow soldering should not exceed two cycles to avoid thermal stress on components.

6.2 Maelekezo ya Uchomeaji wa Mikono

如果必须进行手工焊接，则有严格的限制：电烙铁头温度 ≤ 350°C，每个端子的接触时间 ≤ 3 秒，烙铁功率 ≤ 25W，并且焊接每个端子之间至少间隔2秒。规格书警告，损坏通常发生在手工焊接过程中，强调应优先选择回流焊接工艺。<6.3 存储与湿度敏感性

LED imefungwa kwenye mfuko wa kuzuia unyevu wenye desiccant. Kabla ya kufungua, inapaswa kuhifadhiwa chini ya hali ya ≤ 30°C na ≤ 90% RH. Baada ya kufunguliwa, "maisha ya kiwandani" chini ya hali ya ≤ 30°C / ≤ 60% RH ni mwaka 1. Ikiwa kipindi hiki kinazidi, inahitaji kukaushwa (60 ± 5°C, kwa masaa 24) kabla ya reflow soldering ili kuzuia "popcorn effect" (ufungaji unapasuka kutokana na mvuke wa unyevu wakati wa uchomeaji).

7. Packaging & Ordering Information

7.1 Vipimo vya Carrier Tape na Reel

Vifaa vinapatikana katika mfumo wa 8mm upana wa embossed carrier tape, iliyoviringishwa kwenye reel yenye kipenyo cha inchi 7. Vipimo vya reel, muundo wa mfereji wa tepi na vipimo vya cover tape vimeelezwa kwa kina ili kuhakikisha utangamano na vifaa vya kiotomatiki vya kuweka vipande. Kila roll ina vipande 3000.

7.2 Label Description

Lebo ya reel ina misimbo kadhaa:

P/N:

• Part Number (full part number, e.g., 16-213/BHC-AN1P2/3T).CAT:
• Luminous intensity grade (brightness bin code: N1, N2, P1, P2).HUE:
• Ngazi ya krominansi na urefu wa wimbi kuu (Msimbo wa kiwango cha rangi: A9, A10, A11, A12).REF:
• Ngazi ya voltage ya mbele.LOT No:
• Nambari ya kundi inayoweza kufuatiliwa.Misimbo hii ni muhimu kwa ufuatiliaji na kuhakikisha matumizi ya aina sahihi ya vipengele katika uzalishaji.

8. Mapendekezo ya matumizi na Mazingatio ya Ubunifu

8.1 Kizuizi cha Mkondo Lazima Kifanyike

The primary precaution in the datasheet emphasizes: "The customer must use a resistor for protection." Due to the steep I-V curve of the LED, a small increase in supply voltage can lead to a large, even destructive, increase in current. To ensure safe operation, a series resistor is required, or preferably, a dedicated constant-current LED driver circuit.

8.2 Thermal Management

Despite its compact package, its performance is temperature-dependent. To maintain consistent brightness and long life, PCB layout should employ thermal management techniques. This includes using sufficient copper area connected to the LED's thermal pad (if applicable) or cathode/anode pads to act as a heat sink, and possibly using thermal vias to transfer heat to inner or bottom layers.

8.3 Optical Design

The 120° viewing angle makes this LED suitable for wide-area illumination without secondary optics. For more focused light, an external lens or reflector is required. Designers should consider the angular intensity distribution when planning light guides or diffusers for backlight applications.

9. Ulinganisho wa Teknolojia na Tofauti

The key differentiation of this LED lies in its specific combination of package size, wide viewing angle, blue color point, and detailed binning structure. Compared to non-binned or loosely binned LEDs, it offers higher predictability in color and brightness for applications requiring visual consistency. Its compatibility with standard SMD assembly processes and lead-free soldering makes it a plug-and-play component for modern electronic manufacturing lines. Comprehensive derating curves and application warnings provide designers with the necessary data to use the component reliably within its specification limits.

10. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)

10.1 Kwa nini LED yangu ina mwangaza mdogo kuliko ilivyotarajiwa?

Angalia hali ya kufanya kazi: 1) Hakikisha mkondo wa mbele ni 5 mA haswa (au mkondo unaolingana na hali ya majaribio ya spec). 2) Thibitisha halijoto ya mazingira. Nguvu ya mwanga hupungua kwa joto la juu (angalia sehemu ya 4.3). 3) Thibitisha msimbo wa kiwango ulichonunua (CAT kwenye lebo). Kwa mkondo sawa, LED ya kiwango cha N1 itakuwa na mwangaza mdogo kuliko ile ya kiwango cha P2.

10.2 Je, Ninawezaje Kuchagua Upinzani Sahihi wa Kukandamiza Mkondo?

Tumia kanuni ya Ohm: R = (V

Chanzo cha umeme_{- V}) / I_F. Tumia thamani ya juu ya V_Fkutoka kwenye spec (3.7V) ili kuhesabu thamani ya chini ya upinzani inayoweza kudhibiti mkondo kwa I_Finayohitajika katika hali mbaya zaidi. Kisha angalia nguvu ya kiwango cha upinzani: P_F= (I_R* R._F)²10.3 Naweza kutumia pini ya 3.3V ya microcontroller kuendesha LED hii moja kwa moja?

Haipendekezi kudhibiti moja kwa moja. V ya kawaida

Ni 3.3V, thamani ya juu inaweza kufikia 3.7V. Chini ya usambazaji wa umeme wa 3.3V, huenda hakuna ukingo wa voltage wa kutosha kuwasha LED kwa utulivu, hasa wakati wa joto la chini V_FInaweza kupanda. Zaidi ya hayo, pini za MCU zina kikomo cha pato la sasa (kawaida 20-25mA). Njia sahihi ya kiunganishi ni kutumia transistor au mzunguko wa kuendesha._F11. Muundo halisi na kesi za matumizi

Tukio: Kubuni jopo la kiashiria cha hali lenye LED nyingi za bluu zilizo sawasawa.

Ufafanuzi wa vipimo:

1. Fafanua mwangaza wa chini unaohitajika na tone halisi la rangi. Ili kuhakikisha uthabiti, bainisha daraja moja, kali kwa nguvu ya mwanga (mfano P1) na urefu wa wimbi kuu (mfano A10).Circuit Design:
2. Use a constant current driver IC capable of providing 5 mA per channel for multiple LEDs. This ensures all LEDs receive the same current, resulting in uniform brightness, unaffected by Vthe impact of minor variations._F variations.
3. PCB Layout:Design pads according to the recommended layout. Connect a small copper pour to the cathode pad of each LED to aid heat dissipation. Maintain LED spacing to prevent mutual heating.
4. Assembly:Strictly follow the reflow soldering temperature profile. Store opened reels in a dry cabinet if not used immediately.
5. Verification:Pima voltage ya mwelekeo na pato la mwanga la kipengele cha sampuli chini ya mkondo unaotarajiwa wa kazi na hali ya juu ya joto ili kuthibitisha utendaji.

12. Utangulizi mfupi wa kanuni ya kufanya kazi

LED hii inategemea makutano ya nusu-uwiano ya p-n iliyotengenezwa kwa nyenzo za InGaN. Unapotumia voltage ya mwelekeo inayozidi kizuizi cha makutano (voltage ya mwelekeo V_F), elektroni na mashimo huingizwa kwenye eneo lenye ufanisi na huchanganyika humo. Katika nusu-uwiano yenye pengo la moja kwa moja kama InGaN, mchanganyiko huu hutoa nishati kwa njia ya fotoni (mwanga). Pengo maalum la mseto wa InGaN huamua urefu wa wimbi la fotoni inayotolewa, ambayo katika mfano huu iko katika eneo la bluu ya wigo unaoonekana (takriban 468 nm). Kifuniko cha epoksi hutumiwa kulinda chipi ya nusu-uwiano, kutumika kama lenzi kuunda pato la mwanga (na hivyo kutoa pembe ya maono ya 120°), na kutoa muundo wa mitambo wa kuuza.

13. Mwelekeo wa kiteknolojia

SMD LED kama mfululizo wa 16-213 zinawakilisha kiwango cha tasnia cha udogo na usanikishaji wa otomatiki. Mwelekeo unaoendelea katika uwanja huu ni pamoja na:

• Uboreshaji wa Ufanisi:Kukuza miundo mpya ya epitaksia na nyenzo ili kufikia ufanisi wa juu wa utoaji wa mwanga (utoaji zaidi wa mwanga kwa kila watt ya umeme).
• Uboreshaji wa Ulinganifu wa Rangi:Maendeleo katika udhibiti wa utengenezaji na algoriti za kugawanya, ili kupata uvumilivu mkali zaidi wa rangi na mwangaza moja kwa moja kutoka kwa uzalishaji.
• Uboreshaji wa Utendaji wa Joto:Kukuza ufungashaji wenye upinzani wa chini wa joto, ili kuruhusu mkondo wa kuendesha wa juu zaidi na kudumisha utendaji katika halijoto za juu.
• Ujumuishaji:Maendeleo ya LED kuelekea ufungashaji wa chip nyingi (RGB, mwanga mweupe) na viendeshi vilivyojumuishwa au saketi za udhibiti ("LED zenye akili").

Vipengee vinavyoelezewa kwenye maelezo huu ya spec ni sehemu ya mfumo mpana zaidi wa LED za kiashiria za rangi moja, zenye kuaminika na gharama nafuu, ambazo bado ni muhimu katika vifaa vya elektroniki visivyo na hesabu.