SMD LED 27-21 Pure White Datasheet - Package Size 2.7x2.1mm - Voltage 2.7-3.15V - Power 40mW - Technical Documentation

1. Product Overview

27-21 SMD LED ni diode inayotoa mwanga ya uso-imewekwa ambayo ni kompakt, iliyoundwa kwa matumizi ya kisasa ya elektroniki yanayohitaji ukubwa mdogo na uaminifu wa juu. Ikilinganishwa na LED za aina ya fremu ya waya za jadi, kipengele hiki kinawakilisha maendeleo makubwa ya kiteknolojia, yanayoweza kupunguza kwa kiasi kikubwa nafasi inayochukuliwa kwenye bodi ya mzunguko, kuongeza msongamano wa ufungaji, na hatimaye kusaidia katika ukuzaji wa vifaa vya mwisho-vitumiaji vidogo na bora zaidi. Muundo wake mwepesi unaufanya uwe wa kufaa hasa katika matumizi ambapo nafasi na uzito ni mipaka muhimu.

LED hii hutoa mwanga mweupe safi, ambao unapatikana kupitia chip ya InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride) iliyofungwa kwenye resini ya manjano inayosambaza mwanga. Mchanganyiko huu hutoa pato la mwanga sawasawa na linalosambaa, linalofaa kwa aina mbalimbali za viashiria vya mwanga na kazi za taa ya nyuma. Bidhaa hii inakidhi kabisa viwango vya kisasa via mazingira na usalama, ikiwa ni pamoja na RoHS (Vizuizi vya Vitu hatari), kanuni za REACH za Umoja wa Ulaya, na imetengenezwa kama kipengele kisicho na halojeni, na viwango vya bromini na klorini vikiwekwa chini ya mipaka iliyowekwa.

2. Technical Specifications and Objective Interpretation

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

These ratings define the limits beyond which permanent damage to the device may occur. Operation under or beyond these conditions is not guaranteed and should be avoided in circuit design.

• Reverse voltage (V_R):5V. Exceeding this voltage under reverse bias may cause junction breakdown.
• Forward current (I_F):10mA (continuous). This is the maximum recommended DC current for ensuring long-term reliable operation.
• Peak Forward Current (I_FP):100mA. This current is only permitted under pulse conditions (duty cycle 1/10 @ 1kHz) and must not be used for continuous drive.
• Power Dissipation (P_d):40mW. Hii ndiyo nguvu ya juu inayoweza kutawanywa na kifuniko bila kuzidi kikomo chake cha joto, ikikokotolewa kwa kuzidisha voltage ya mbele (V_F) * mkondo wa mbele (I_F).
• Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Human Body Model (HBM):150V. This indicates the device has moderate sensitivity to ESD; appropriate handling procedures must be employed (e.g., grounded workstation, EDS-safe packaging).
• Operating temperature (T_opr):-40°C to +85°C. This device is suitable for the industrial temperature range.
• Storage Temperature (T_stg):-40°C to +90°C.
• Soldering Temperature (T_sol):Compatible with standard reflow soldering temperature profile (peak 260°C for 10 seconds) and hand soldering (maximum 350°C per terminal for up to 3 seconds).

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

These parameters are measured under standard test conditions of 25°C ambient temperature and 5mA forward current, serving as a common reference point for comparison and binning.

• Luminous intensity (I_v):57.0 - 112 mcd. The wide range reflects the binning process, where LEDs are sorted into specific output groups (P2, Q1, Q2). A typical value is not explicitly given and falls within this binning range.
• Viewing angle (2θ_1/2):140 degrees (typical). This wide viewing angle is characteristic of the yellow diffused resin, which scatters light, making the LED suitable for applications requiring broad illumination rather than a focused beam.
• Forward Voltage (V_F):2.70V - 3.15V. This is the voltage drop across the LED when driven at 5mA. The LEDs are also binned according to their forward voltage range (Code 15, 16, 17). A tolerance of ±0.1V is specified.
• Reverse current (I_R):At V_R=5V, maximum 50 µA. This parameter is for test purposes only; the device is not intended for reverse bias operation.

Important note:The datasheet explicitly warns that reverse voltage conditions are for testing only; LEDs must not operate under reverse bias. Designers must ensure correct polarity in the circuit.

3. Grading System Description

To ensure consistency in mass production, LEDs are tested based on key performance parameters and sorted into different "bins." This allows designers to select components with tightly controlled characteristics for their specific application requirements.

3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning

LED zimegawanywa katika vikundi vitatu kulingana na mwanga unaozalisha kwenye 5mA:

• Kikundi P2:57.0 - 72.0 mcd
• Gear Q1:72.0 - 90.0 mcd
• Gear Q2:90.0 - 112 mcd

A general tolerance of ±11% for luminous intensity is also specified.

3.2 Forward Voltage Binning

To aid current regulation design, LEDs are also binned according to their forward voltage drop:

• Bin 15:2.70V - 2.85V
• Gear 16:2.85V - 3.00V
• Gear 17:3.00V - 3.15V

The tolerance for forward voltage is ±0.1V.

3.3 Chromaticity Coordinate Binning

To ensure color consistency, the white light output is binned according to its coordinates on the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram. The datasheet defines six bins (1 to 6), each specifying a quadrilateral area on the x, y chromaticity coordinate plot with a tolerance of ±0.01. This precise binning ensures that all LEDs within a selected bin will exhibit nearly identical white color points, which is crucial for applications where color uniformity is critical, such as backlight arrays.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

Ingawa PDF inarejelea "Curve ya Kawaida ya Tabia ya Kielektroniki na Mwanga," michoro maalum (kwa mfano, I_Vdhidi ya I_Fuhusiano, I_Vdhidi ya uhusiano wa joto, usambazaji wa wigo) haujaelezewa kwa undani katika maandishi yaliyotolewa. Kwa kawaida, curves kama hizi zinaonyesha:

• Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current (I_V-I_F):A nonlinear relationship where light output increases with current but may saturate or degrade at higher currents exceeding the rated maximum.
• Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature (I_V-T_a):Mwanga wa mwanga kwa kawaida hupungua kadri halijoto ya kiungo kinavyoongezeka. Mkunjo huu hupima upungufu huu, na ni muhimu kwa usimamizi wa joto katika matumizi.
• Voltage ya mbele dhidi ya halijoto ya kiungo (V_F-T_j): V_FKwa kawaida huwa na mgawo hasi wa halijoto, na hupungua kadri halijoto inavyoongezeka.
• Usambazaji wa nguvu ya wigo:Grafu inayoonyesha ukubwa wa mwanga unaolinganishwa kwenye wigo mzima wa urefu wa mawimbi unaoonekana, inayofafanua sifa ya rangi ya "nyeupe" (k.m., nyeupe baridi, nyeupe joto).

Wakati LED inatumika nje ya hali ya kawaida ya majaribio ya 5mA/25°C, wasanifu wanapaswa kutazama curves hizi ili kutabiri utendakazi kwa usahihi.

5. Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungashaji

5.1 Package Size

The 27-21 SMD LED features a compact package size. The dimension drawing illustrates the package dimensions, with a tolerance of ±0.1mm unless otherwise specified. Key features visible in the drawing include the component outline, electrode pad locations, and polarity marking (likely a cathode indicator). Precise dimensions (length, width, height) are crucial for PCB pad pattern design and ensuring correct placement by automated equipment.

5.2 Polarity Identification

Kifurushi kina alama ya kutambua terminali ya kathodi (hasibu). Ni muhimu kuzingatia upeo sahihi wakati wa kukusanyisha ili kuzuia uharibifu wa kifaa kutokana na upendeleo wa nyuma.

6. Welding and Assembly Guide

6.1 Reflow Soldering Temperature Profile

This LED is compatible with infrared and vapor phase reflow processes. The recommended lead-free reflow soldering temperature profile is provided:

• Preheat:150-200°C, for 60-120 seconds.
• Time above liquidus (217°C):60-150 seconds.
• Peak Temperature:Maximum 260°C, maintain for no more than 10 seconds.
• Heating Rate:Kiwango cha juu cha 6°C/k.
• Muda wa juu ya 255°C:Muda wa juu zaidi wa sekunde 30.
• Kiwango cha kupoa:Upeo wa 3°C/s.

Kanuni Muhimu:Usifanye upakiaji tena wa mtiririko zaidi ya mara mbili kwenye kifaa kimoja cha LED.

6.2 Manual Soldering

If manual soldering must be performed:

• Use a soldering iron with a tip temperature below 350°C.
• Muda wa kugusa kila terminali usizidi sekunde 3.
• Tumia chuma cha kulehemu chenye uwezo wa 25W au chini.
• Weld each terminal with at least a 2-second interval between them to manage thermal stress.

The datasheet warns that damage often occurs during manual soldering, so extra caution is required.

6.3 Mahitaji ya Uhifadhi na Kinga ya Unyevu

LED zimefungwa kwa vifaa vinavyokinga unyevu (mkanda wa kubeba umewekwa ndani ya mfuko wa alumini unaokinga unyevu ulio na dries).

• Kabla ya Kufungua:Hifadhi kwa ≤30°C na unyevunyevu wa jamaa (RH) ≤90%.
• Baada ya kufungua:Chini ya hali ya ≤30°C na ≤60% RH, "maisha ya kiwandani" ni mwaka 1. Vipengele visivyotumika vinapaswa kufungwa tena kwenye mfuko wa kinga ya unyevu.
• Kupasha joto:If the desiccant indicator shows saturation or the storage time is exceeded, the LEDs should be baked at 60 ±5°C for 24 hours before use to remove absorbed moisture and prevent the "popcorn" phenomenon during reflow soldering.

7. Maelezo ya Ufungaji na Uagizaji

7.1 Reel Specifications

LEDs are supplied in industry-standard packaging for automated assembly:

• Carrier Tape:8mm upana wa mkanda wa kubeba, umewindwa kwenye spool yenye kipenyo cha inchi 7.
• Idadi:Karatasi 3000 kwa kila roll.
• Mchoro wa kina wa vipimo wa mkanda wa kubeba na spool umetolewa, na uvumilivu wa kawaida ni ±0.1mm.

7.2 Label Description

Lebo ya reel inajumuisha misimbo kadhaa muhimu kwa ufuatiliaji na vipimo.

• P/N:Nambari ya Bidhaa (mfano, 27-21/T3D-AP2Q2HY/3C).
• QTY:Packaging Quantity.
• CAT:Luminous Intensity Grade (e.g., P2, Q1, Q2).
• HUE:Chromaticity coordinates and dominant wavelength grade (e.g., grade 1-6).
• REF:Forward voltage grade (e.g., 15, 16, 17).
• Nambari ya Kundi:Nambari ya uzalishaji, inatumika kwa kufuatilia.

8. Mapendekezo ya Utumiaji

8.1 Typical Application Scenarios

The datasheet lists several major applications that leverage the LED's small size, diffused light, and reliability:

• Backlighting:Used for instrument panels, switches, and keyboards.
• Telecommunications Equipment:Serves as status indicators and backlighting in telephones and fax machines.
• LCD Display:Provides flat, uniform backlighting for small LCD panels, switch legends, and symbols.
• General Indicator:Program yoyote ya matumizi yanayohitaji taa za kiashiria zenye mwangaza, nyeupe na zenye ukubwa mdogo.

8.2 Design Considerations and Precautions

Waraka wa maelezo ujumuishwa na onyo muhimu kuhakikisha utendakazi unaotegemewa:

• Lazima kizuizi cha mkondo kifanyike:Lazima kila wakati utumie kizuizi cha nje cha mkondo kikiwa kimeunganishwa mfululizo na LED. Voltage ya mbele ina mgawo mdogo hasi wa joto, ambayo inamaanisha kuwa LED inapokua moto, V_Fitapungua kidogo. Bila kizuizi, hii inaweza kusababisha ongezeko kubwa la mkondo (kukimbia kwa joto), ambayo kunaweza kuchoma LED. Kizuizi kinaweza kudumisha mkondo.
• Epuka msongo wa mitambo:Usiweke mkazo kwenye LED yenyewe wakati wa kuchomea au kukusanya mwisho. Epuka kupinda PCB baada ya kuchomea.
• Urekebishaji:Haipendekezi kabisa kufanya urekebishaji au kufanya kazi tena kwenye bodi ya mzunguko baada ya LED kuchomewa. Ikiwa ni lazima kabisa, tumia chuma maalum ya kuchomea yenye vichwa viwili ili kupasha joto vituo vyote viwili kwa wakati mmoja, ili kupunguza mkazo wa joto. Kupasha joto tena sehemu moja tu kunaweza kusababisha uharibifu.
• Kinga cha ESDKwa sababu ya kiwango cha 150V HBM cha kifaa, hatua za kawaida za kuzuia ESD zinahitajika wakati wa usindikaji na usanikishaji.

9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

Ingawa maelezo ya kiufundi hayatoi kulinganisha moja kwa moja na aina maalum za LED nyingine, kifurushi cha 27-21 kina faida dhahiri katika hali maalum:

• Ikilinganishwa na LED zenye waya:Faida kuu ni kupunguza kwa kiasi kikubwa nafasi inayochukuliwa na uzito kwenye bodi ya mzunguko, na kufikia umiminifu wa kisasa wa vifaa vya elektroniki. Pia huondoa hitaji la kupinda na kuingiza waya, na kurahisisha usanikishaji wa otomatiki.
• Ikilinganisha na SMD LED zenye ukubwa mkubwa zaidi (mfano, 3528, 5050):27-21 inatoa eneo la kukaa ndogo kwa muundo ulio na ukubwa mdogo sana, ingawa kunaweza kuwa na kukosa kwa pato la jumla la mwanga au uwezo wa kutokomeza joto ikilinganishwa na ufungashaji mkubwa zaidi.
• Ikilinganisha na lenzi wazi za LED:Nyekundu ya kueneza ya mbao hutoa mtazamo mpana zaidi (140°) na muonekano laini na sare zaidi, na kufanya iwe bora katika matumizi ambapo LED inatazamwa moja kwa moja, wakati lenzi wazi hutoa mwale uliolenga zaidi.

Uzingatiaji wake wa viwango vya RoHS, REACH na halojeni-bure ni mahitaji ya msingi ya vipengele vya kisasa, lakini bado ni kipengele muhimu cha kutofautisha ikilinganishwa na bidhaa za zamani, zisizokidhi viwango, zilizopo kwenye hisa.

10. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)

10.1 Kwa nini ni lazima kuunganisha Upinzani wa Kikomo cha Mkondo mfululizo?

LED ni kifaa kinachoendeshwa na mkondo, sio na voltage. Mkunjo wake wa V-I ni mwinuko sana. Mabadiliko madogo ya voltage ya mbele (yanayoweza kusababishwa na mabadiliko ya joto au tofauti za utengenezaji) husababisha mabadiliko makubwa ya mkondo. Upinzani wa mfululizo huchukua nafasi ya kirekebishaji rahisi cha mkondo wa mstari, kustabilisha sehemu ya kufanya kazi, na kuzuia kupoteza udhibiti wa joto na uharibifu wa LED.

What do the 10.2 bin codes (P2, Q1, 15, 16, etc.) mean for my design?

Binning ensures product consistency. If your design requires uniform brightness among multiple LEDs (e.g., in a backlight array), you should specify LEDs from the same luminous intensity bin (CAT). If your power supply voltage margin is tight, specifying a tighter forward voltage bin (REF) is helpful. For applications with strict color requirements, specifying a chromaticity bin (HUE) is crucial. Using unbinned or mixed-bin LEDs may lead to visible brightness or color differences in the final product.

Can I continuously drive this LED with a 10mA current?

Ndiyo, 10mA ndio kiwango cha juu cha mwendelezo wa mkondo wa mbele. Hata hivyo, kufanya kazi kwenye viwango vya juu kabisa vinaweza kupunguza uaminifu wa muda mrefu na kuongeza joto la kiungo. Kwa maisha bora na uthabiti, inashauriwa kuendesha LED kwenye mkondo wa majaribio wa 5mA au chini, hasa pale usimamizi wa joto ukiwa mdogo.

10.4 The viewing angle is 140 degrees. Is the light output uniform within this angular range?

"Pembe ya maono" (2θ_1/2) inafasiriwa kama pembe ambayo nguvu ya mwanga hupungua hadi nusu ya nguvu kwenye digrii 0 (mstari wa moja kwa moja wa mhimili). Nyenzo ya manjano yenye kutawanyika hutoa muundo wa utoaji sawa na Lambert, na nguvu kuwa ya juu zaidi kwenye mhimili na kupungua kuelekea kingo. Ikilinganishwa na LED lenye lenzi wazi, hutoa usawa mzuri sana kwa kutazama kwa pembe kubwa, lakini hawezi kufikia usawa kamili katika safu yote ya 140°.

11. Practical Design and Application Cases

Tukio: Kubuni paneli ya kitufe cha filamu ya taa ya nyuma.

1. Component Selection:The 27-21 LED was chosen for its small size (suitable for placement behind switch icons), diffused light (provides even illumination), and surface-mount compatibility (facilitates automated assembly onto the switch PCB).
2. Circuit Design:A constant current of 5mA is selected to balance brightness and lifespan. Using a 3.3V power supply, and assuming V_Ffrom gear 16 (typical value 2.93V), calculate the series resistor: R = (V_{Power Supply}- V_F) / I_F= (3.3V - 2.93V) / 0.005A = 74 ohms. Select a standard 75-ohm resistor.
3. PCB Layout:Pad patterns must be designed strictly according to the package dimension drawing. Maintain sufficient clearance between the LED and the film layer.
4. Procurement:When ordering LEDs, specify the brightness bin Q1 and the chromaticity bin 2 or 3 to ensure consistent white color point across all switches on the panel.
5. Kukusanyiko:Vipengele huhifadhiwa kwenye mfuko uliofungwa kabla ya matumizi. PCB hutumiwa kwa upitishaji wa joto uliobainishwa mara moja. Epuka kutumia mkazo kwenye LED wakati wa usindikaji.

12. Utangulizi wa Kanuni ya Uendeshaji

27-21 LED ni chanzo thabiti cha mwanga kinachotegemea p-n junction ya semikondukta. Eneo lenye shughuli linatumia semikondukta ya mchanganyiko wa InGaN (Indium Gallium Nitride). Unapotumia voltage chanya inayozidi kizingiti cha kuwasha diode (forward voltage, V_F), elektroni na mashimo huingizwa kwenye eneo lenye shughuli na kujumuishwa humo. Katika semikondukta zenye pengo la moja kwa moja kama InGaN, jumuisho hili hutolea nishati haswa kwa njia ya fotoni (mwanga). Nishati maalum ya pengo la bendi ya aloi ya InGaN huamua urefu wa wimbi la mwanga unaotolewa. Ili kuzalisha mwanga mweupe kutoka kwa chip ya InGaN inayotoa mwanga wa bluu/ultravioleti, hutumiwa fosforasi ya manjano (iliyomo ndani ya kifuniko cha resini ya manjano yenye kutawanyika). Sehemu ya mwanga wa bluu unaotolewa na chip hunyonywa na fosforasi na kutolewa tena kama mwanga wa manjano. Mwanga wa bluu uliobaki huchanganywa na mwanga wa manjano uliobadilishwa, na kuhisiwa na jicho la mwanadamu kama mwanga mweupe. Resini yenye kutawanyika ina chembe zinazotawanya mwanga, na kusababisha mwelekeo wa fotoni zinazotolewa kuwa nasibu, na hivyo kuzalisha mtazamo mpana na sare.

13. Mwenendo ya Teknolojia na Maendeleo

SMD LED kama 27-21 inawakilisha teknolojia iliyokomaa na inayotumiwa sana. Mienendo ya sasa ya tasnia inazingatia maeneo machache muhimu, ambayo yanajengwa juu ya msingi huu:

• Kuboresha ufanisi (lumeni/wati):Uboreshaji endelevu wa ukuaji wa epitaxial, muundo wa chip, na teknolojia ya fosfori unaendelea kuongeza ufanisi wa mwanga, na kufanya iwezekane kupata mwanga mkubwa zaidi kwa mkondo sawa, au kufikia matumizi ya nguvu ya chini na uzalishaji wa joto mdogo kwa pato la mwanga sawa.
• Kuboresha ubora na uthabiti wa rangi:Maendeleo katika mchanganyiko wa fosforasi na teknolojia sahihi zaidi ya kugawanya daraja (mfano, kutumia duaradufu ya 3-5 hatua ya MacAdam kwa udhibiti mkali zaidi wa rangi) yamefanya LED ziwe na faharasa ya juu zaidi ya uonyeshaji rangi (CRI) na kuwa na uhakikisho zaidi wa nukta ya rangi kati ya safu mbalimbali.
• Kupunguza Ukubwa:Tafiti za vifaa vidogo zaidi zinaendelea kusukuma kupunguzwa zaidi kwa saizi ya ufungaji (mfano, 2016, 1515), huku ukidumu au ukiboresha utendaji wa macho.
• Kuongeza Uaminifu na Maisha ya Huduma:Utafiti wa nyenzo bora za ufungaji na teknolojia za usimamizi wa joto unalenga kuboresha maisha ya huduma na uthabiti wa LED, hasa katika hali ya joto kali au unyevu mwingi.
• Suluhisho Zilizounganishwa:Mwenendo unaelekea kuelekea kwenye LED zilizo na kichocheo cha kuendesha, kudhibiti na hata chipi za rangi nyingi (RGB) zilizounganishwa kwenye kifurushi kimoja, na hivyo kurahisisha muundo wa saketi kwa mtumiaji wa mwisho.

LED ya 27-21, kwa kifurushi chake cha kawaida na sifa zilizobainishwa wazi, ina jukumu la kuwa kipengele cha msingi kinachotegemewa katika mazingira haya ya kiteknolojia yanayokua.