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SMD LED 42-21A Blue Light Emitting Diode Datasheet - Package 2.0x1.25x1.1mm - Voltage 2.7-3.7V - Power 95mW - Technical Documentation

42-21A SMD Blue LED Complete Technical Datasheet. Includes product features, absolute maximum ratings, photoelectric characteristics, binning information, package dimensions, and operating guidelines.
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Jalada la PDF - SMD LED 42-21A Buku la Uainishaji la Diodi ya Mwanga ya Bluu - Kifurushi 2.0x1.25x1.1mm - Voltage 2.7-3.7V - Nguvu 95mW - Waraka wa Kiufundi wa Kichina

1. Product Overview

42-21A is a compact surface-mount blue light-emitting diode designed for modern electronic applications demanding high reliability and efficient assembly. This device utilizes InGaN chip technology to emit blue light with a typical dominant wavelength of 468 nm. Its primary advantage lies in its miniature package size, which significantly reduces PCB dimensions and enables higher packaging density compared to traditional lead-frame LEDs, directly contributing to the miniaturization of end devices. The device is supplied on 8mm tape and reel, wound on a 7-inch diameter reel, fully compatible with automated pick-and-place production lines, thereby streamlining high-volume manufacturing processes.

2. Key Features and Compliance

LED hii imejumuisha sifa nyingi muhimu kwa muundo na utengenezaji wa kisasa:

3. Matumizi Lengwa

42-21A LED inafaa kwa aina mbalimbali za viashiria na utendakazi wa taa ya nyuma, ikiwa ni pamoja na:

4. Viwango Vya Juu Kabisa

The following ratings define the limits beyond which permanent damage to the device may occur. All values are specified at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 25°C.

ParameterIsharaUkubalwaKipimo
Reverse VoltageVR5V
Forward CurrentIF25mA
Peak forward current (duty cycle 1/10 @1kHz)IFP100mA
Matumizi ya nguvuPd95mW
Operating temperatureTT_opr-40 hadi +85°C
Joto la uhifadhiTT_stg-40 to +90°C
Electrostatic Discharge (Human Body Model)ESD (HBM)150V
Welding temperatureTT_solReflow soldering: 260°C for 10 seconds.
Hand soldering: 350°C for 3 seconds.

5. Electro-Optical Characteristics

Typical performance parameters are measured at Ta=25°C and a forward current (I_F) of 20 mA. These are key specifications for design calculations.FParameter

IsharaKipimoMin.Typ.Max.MashartiUkubana kwa Mwanga
I_VIv715--1800mcdIFI_F=20mA
Viewing angle (2θ_1/2)2θ_1/2)degI_F=20mA--20--Peak WavelengthIFλ_p
nmλp--468--I_F=20mAIFDominant Wavelength
λ_dλd465--475nmIFI_F=20mA
Spectral bandwidth (FWHM)Δλ--25--nmIFI_F=20mA
Forward VoltageVF2.70--3.70VIFV_F
VIR----50I_F=20mAVRReverse current

I_RμA

V_R=5V

Tolerance Description:

Luminous intensity tolerance is ±11%, dominant wavelength tolerance is ±1 nm, and forward voltage tolerance relative to the typical value or binned value is ±0.1 V.

6. Mfumo wa Uainishaji MaelezoFTo ensure consistency across production lots, LEDs are sorted into different bins based on key parameters. This allows designers to select devices that meet specific performance windows for their applications.

6.1 Uainishaji wa Nguvu ya MwangaViwango vimefafanuliwa na msimbo (V1, V2, W1, W2), vinabainisha safu ya chini na ya juu ya kiwango cha mwanga kilichopimwa chini ya I_F=20mA.Msimbo wa kiwango
Thamani ya chini (mcd)715900
Thamani ya juu (mcd)9001120
V111201420
V214201800

W1

W2d6.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning

Wavelengths are grouped according to the dominant wavelength (λ_d).KundiMsimbo wa kiwangoThamani ya chini (nm)
ZX465470
ZY470475

Wastani wa juu (nm)

6.3 Forward Voltage BinningFVoltage ya Mwelekeo Mmoja (V_F) imegawanywa katika viwango vya nambari 10 hadi 14, ambapo kila kiwango kinashughulikia masafa ya 0.2V.

KundiGearMinimum (V)Maximum (V)
N102.702.90
Nkumi na moja2.90tatu nukta kumi
Nkumi na mbilitatu nukta kumitatu nukta thelathini
Nkumi na tatutatu nukta thelathini3.50
N143.503.70

7. Mechanical and Packaging Information

7.1 Package Dimensions

The 42-21A LED utilizes a compact SMD package. Key dimensions (unit: mm) are as follows, with a general tolerance of ±0.1mm unless otherwise specified:

Mchoro wa kina wa vipimo umetolewa kwenye hati ya maelezo, unaonyesha muonekano wa kifaa, nafasi ya pini na muundo ulipendekezwa wa pedi ya kuuzi.

7.2 Polarity Identification

The cathode is clearly marked. On the package, the cathode is typically indicated by features such as a notch, a dot, or a cut corner. The corresponding cathode marking is also shown in the recommended solder mask design of the PCB land pattern. Correct polarity orientation is crucial for proper circuit operation.

8. Mwongozo wa Uchomaji na Usanikishaji

8.1 Mkunjo wa Joto wa Reflow Soldering

This component is suitable for lead-free (Pb-free) reflow soldering processes. The recommended maximum peak soldering temperature is 260°C, and the time above 260°C must not exceed 10 seconds. A typical reflow soldering temperature profile should be followed to prevent thermal shock and ensure reliable solder joints. It is crucial to avoid applying mechanical stress to the LED body during the heating and cooling phases of reflow soldering.

8.2 Manual Soldering

Ikiwa ununuzi wa mikono lazima ufanyike, tahadhari ya ziada inahitajika. Joto la ncha ya chuma la kuchomea linapaswa kuwa chini ya 350°C, na wakati wa mguso na pini yoyote moja haupaswi kuzidi sekunde 3. Inashauriwa kutumia chuma cha kuchomea chenye nguvu ya chini (25W au chini). Wakati wa kuchomea kati ya pini mbili, lazima kuwe na muda wa kupoa wa angalau sekunde 2 ili kuzuia mkusanyiko mwingi wa joto.

8.3 Rework and Repair

Rework baada ya ununuzi wa kwanza haipendekezwi kabisa. Ikiwa hii haiwezekani kabisa, chuma maalum cha kuchomea chenye ncha mbili kinapaswa kutumiwa kupasha joto pini zote mbili kwa wakati mmoja ili kuondoa kifaa bila kutumia nguvu ya kuzungusha kwenye kifurushi. Hatari ya kuharibu waya za ndani za muunganisho wa LED au kupunguza utendaji wake wa mwanga wakati wa mchakato wa rework ni kubwa, na inashauriwa kujaribu utaratibu wa rework mapema.

9. Storage and Handling Precautions

9.1 Moisture Sensitivity

LED imepakiwa kwenye mfuko wa kuzuia unyevu ulio na kivundo ili kuzuia kunyonya unyevu kutoka angahewa, ambayo inaweza kusababisha "popcorn" (ufa wa kifuniko) wakati wa upakiaji tena wa kioo. Sheria muhimu za uhifadhi:

9.2 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Protection

Kifaa hiki kina kiwango cha ESD cha 150V (HBM) na kinaweza kuharibika kwa urahisi na kutokwa kwa umeme wa tuli. Ni lazima kufuata taratibu za kawaida za usindikaji wa ESD katika hatua zote za usanikishaji na uendeshaji, ikiwa ni pamoja na kutumia kituo cha kazi kilichogunduliwa, mkanda wa mkono, na vyombo vinavyoweza kufanya umeme.

10. Ufungaji na Taarifa za Kuagiza

10.1 Tape and Reel Specifications

The product is supplied in embossed carrier tape, with dimensions customized for the 42-21A package. The tape is wound on a standard 7-inch (178mm) diameter reel. Each reel contains 1000 LEDs. Detailed drawings of the carrier tape pocket dimensions, pitch, and reel hub/flange dimensions are provided to ensure compatibility with automated assembly equipment feeders.

10.2 Label Information

The labels on the reel and outer bag contain key information for traceability and correct application:

11. Application Design Considerations

11.1 Rate Limiting Design

This is a critical design rule.LED ni kifaa kinachoendeshwa na mkondo. Katika mzungukolazimatumia upinzani wa kizuizi wa mfululizo. Voltage ya mbele (V_F) ina anuwai (2.7V hadi 3.7V) na ina mgawo hasi wa joto. Hata kama voltage ya usambazaji ni ndani ya anuwai ya V_F kwa jina, kuunganisha LED moja kwa moja kwenye chanzo cha voltage kunaweza kusababisha mkondo usioweza kudhibitiwa kutokana na mabadiliko madogo, na kushindwa mara moja (kuchoma). Thamani ya upinzani inapaswa kuhesabiwa kulingana na voltage ya usambazaji, V_F ya juu inayotarajiwa ya kiwango kilichochaguliwa, na mkondo wa mbele unaohitajika (I_F), ambayo haipaswi kuzidi 25 mA ya mkondo endelevu.F11.2 Thermal ManagementFAlthough power consumption is low (max 95 mW), good thermal design on the PCB remains important for long-term reliability, especially when operating at high ambient temperatures or maximum current. Ensuring sufficient copper area around the LED pads helps dissipate heat and maintains stable light output and lifetime.F11.3 Optical DesignFA 20-degree viewing angle (2θ_1/2) indicates a relatively concentrated beam. This makes the 42-21A suitable for applications requiring directional lighting or bright, focused spots. For illumination of wider areas, secondary optical elements (e.g., light guides, diffusers) are needed. Designers should consider the binning ranges for luminous intensity and wavelength to ensure consistent brightness and color appearance among multiple devices in an array or display.

12. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

42-21A inawakilisha aina maalum ya SMD LED ndogo, ya kikombe cha kutafakari. Sifa zake kuu za kutofautisha zinajumuisha ukubwa wake mdogo sana wa ufungaji wa 2.0x1.25mm, ambao ni mdogo kuliko LED nyingi za kawaida za "chip", na kuruhusu msongamano mkubwa wa mpangilio. Kikombe cha kutafakari kilichojumuishwa kinatoa pembe ya kuona inayodhibitiwa ya digrii 20, bila hitaji la lenzi ya nje, na hivyo kurahisisha muundo wa optiki. Mfumo kamili wa kugawanya kwa nguvu, urefu wa wimbi na voltage huwafanya wabunifu kuweza kubainisha dirisha la utendakazi madhubuti kwa matumizi yanayohitaji usawa wa juu, kama vile safu za taa za nyuma. Uzingatiaji wake wa viwango vya halogeni-bure na vingine vya kimazingira, hufanya iweze kutumika kwa bidhaa zinazolenga soko la kimataifa lenye mahitaji madhubuti ya kisheria.

13. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (FAQ)

13.1 Je, Peak Wavelength inatofautianaje na Dominant Wavelength?Peak wavelength (λ_p):The single wavelength at which the LED's optical output power reaches its maximum value. It is the highest point on the spectral distribution curve.

Dominant wavelength (λ_d):

Wavelength ya mwanga wa monochromatic unaolingana na mwanga unaotolewa na LED katika mtazamo wa rangi wa jicho la binadamu. Inakokotolewa kulingana na viwianishi vya rangi, na kwa kawaida inahusiana zaidi na matumizi yanayotegemea rangi. Kwa LED hii ya bluu, thamani ya kawaida iko karibu sana (kiwango cha kilele cha wavelength 468 nm ikilinganishwa na kiwango cha kikundi cha wavelength kuu 465-475 nm).

13.2 Can I drive this LED with a constant voltage source?

Kama ilivyosisitizwa katika mazingatio ya usanifu, LED inahitaji udhibiti wa mkondo. Chanzo cha voltage ya mara kwa mara, hata kikiwekwa kwa V_F ya kawaida, hakiwezi kuzingatia tofauti kati ya vifaa (kikundi), athari za joto (V_F hupungua kadri halijoto inavyoongezeka), au uvumilivu wa usambazaji wa nguvu. Hii karibu hakika itasababisha mkondo kupita kiasi na kushindwa kwa kifaa. Hakikisha unatumia upinzani wa mfululizo au saketi maalum ya kuendesha LED ya mkondo wa mara kwa mara.

13.3 How many reflow cycles can this component withstand?pSpec inabainisha kuwa idadi ya mizunguko ya kuuzwa tena haipaswi kuzidimara mbili
. Kila mzunguko wa kuuzwa tena huwakilisha mkazo wa joto kwa kipengele, ambao unaweza kuharibu nyenzo za ndani, kudhoofisha waya za kuunganisha, au kuharibu upinzani wa unyevu wa kifurushi. Ikiwa bodi ya saketi inahitaji kurekebishwa tena, ni bora kubadilisha LED, badala ya kuikabidhi kwenye mzunguko wa tatu wa kuuzwa tena.d13.4 Is this LED suitable for automotive or medical applications?Mwongozo wa maelezo una

Vizuizi vya matumizi

No.Sehemu, inaonyesha kuwa kwa matumizi ya kuegemea kama vile mifumo ya usalama wa magari, vifaa vya matibabu, kijeshi na anga-nje, bidhaa tofauti zilizothibitishwa kwa ukali zaidi zinaweza kuhitajika. Kawaida ya 42-21A inafaa kwa matumizi ya kibiashara na viwanda. Kwa matumizi muhimu ya usalama, wasiliana na mtengenezaji kupata bidhaa zilizoundwa na kupimwa mahsusi kukidhi viwango vya tasnia husika (k.m., AEC-Q101 katika sekta ya magari).F14. Mfano wa matumizi halisiFHali: Kubuni jopo la kiashiria cha hali lenye taa za LED 10 za bluu zilizosambazwa sawasawa.

Ubunifu wa Saketi:

The available power supply is 5V. Using the maximum V_F (3.7V) of bin N14 and the target I_F (20 mA), calculate the series resistor: R = (V_supply - V_F) / I_F = (5V - 3.7V) / 0.020A = 65 ohms. The nearest standard value of 68 ohms will result in I_F ≈ 19.1 mA, which is safe and within specifications. One resistor is required per LED.Component Selection:To ensure visual consistency, specify tight bins. For example, order all LEDs from luminous intensity bin W1 (1120-1420 mcd) and dominant wavelength bin Z/X (465-470 nm). This minimizes brightness and color variation across the panel.

PCB Layout:

Place the LEDs on a 0.1-inch grid. Use the pad pattern recommended in the datasheet. Include a small thermal pad connected to the ground plane to aid heat dissipation. Clearly mark the cathode orientation on the silkscreen layer.Assembly:Reel inayotumika kabla ya matumizi lazima ibaki imefungwa kwa usalama. Fuata mkunjo wa kiwango cha juu cha joto cha 260°C wakati wa kuchomea tena. Baada ya kukusanywa, epuka kupinda PCB karibu na LED.

15. Kanuni ya uendeshaji

LED ya 42-21A inategemea chipu ya semikondukta ya indiamu-galliamu-nitrojeni (InGaN). Unapotumia voltage ya mbele inayozidi kizingiti cha kuwasha diode, elektroni na mashimo huingizwa kwenye eneo lenye uwezo la semikondukta. Vibeba hivi hujumlishwa na kutolea nishati kwa njia ya fotoni (mwanga). Muundo maalum wa aloi ya InGaN huamua nishati ya pengo la bendi, na kwa hivyo hufafanua urefu wa wimbi la mwanga unaotolewa (rangi) — katika mfano huu, bluu. Mwanga hutoka kwenye chipu na kuongozwa na kikombe cha kutafakari kilichojumuishwa ndani ya kifurushi, ili kufikia pembe maalum ya maono ya digrii 20. Kifurushi cha epoksi kinachunga chipu na waya za kuunganisha, na pia hutumika kama lenzi ya msingi.

  1. 16. Mwelekeo wa TeknolojiaSMD LED kama 42-21A ni sehemu ya mwelekeo unaoendelea katika taa ya hali imara kuelekea ukubwa mdogo zaidi, ufanisi bora, na uimara ulioimarishwa. Maendeleo katika teknolojia ya ukuaji wa epitaksia ya nyenzo za InGaN yameimarisha kwa utulivu ufanisi wa ndani wa quanta, na kuifanya chipu ndogo kuweza kutoa pato la mwanga la juu zaidi. Teknolojia za kufurushia zinaendelea kubadilika ili kutoa njia bora za joto (mfano, pedi ya joto iliyofichuliwa) na udhibiti sahihi zaidi wa optiki. Zaidi ya hayo, misukumo ya kiwango cha tasnia inajumuisha kusukuma viwango vya juu vya utiifu wa kimazingira (kupita RoHS hadi kutokuwa na halojeni, wigo wa chini wa kaboni) na ujumuishaji wa utendaji wa kisasa, ingawa huu mwisho unahusiana zaidi na vifurushi vya LED zenye nguvu zaidi au zinazoweza kushughulikiwa. Kwa matumizi ya elektroniki za watumiaji, vionyeshi, na mambo ya ndani ya magari ambapo ubora wa kuona ni muhimu, mahitaji ya utendaji thabiti yanayopatikana kupitia mifumo ya kugawanya kwa usahihi kama inavyoonekana kwenye kifaa hiki bado ni muhimu sana.Ffrom bin N14 (3.7V) and a target IFof 20 mA, calculate the series resistor: R = (Vusambazaji- VF) / IF= (5V - 3.7V) / 0.020A = 65 Ohms. Thamani ya kawaida iliyo karibu ya 68 Ohms ingesababisha IF≈ 19.1 mA, ambayo ni salama na ndani ya vipimo. Upinzani mmoja unahitajika kwa kila LED.
  2. Uchaguzi wa Vifaa:Ili kuhakikisha usawa wa kuona, taja makundi madogo madogo. Kwa mfano, agiza LED zote kutoka kwenye kikundi cha nguvu ya mwanga W1 (1120-1420 mcd) na kikundi cha urefu wa wimbi kuu Z/X (465-470 nm). Hii inapunguza tofauti za mwangaza na rangi kwenye paneli.
  3. Mpangilio wa PCB:Weka LEDs kwenye gridi ya inchi 0.1. Tumia muundo ulipendekezwa wa ardhi kutoka kwenye karatasi ya data. Jumuisha pedi ndogo ya uokofu wa joto iliyounganishwa na ndege ya ardhi kwa ajili ya upunguzaji wa joto. Weka alama wazi mwelekeo wa cathode kwenye silkscreen.
  4. Assembly:Weka reels ndani ya mifuko iliyofungwa hadi utakapokuwa tayari kutumia. Fuata wasifu wa kilele cha reflow wa 260°C. Baada ya kukusanywa, epuka kunyoosha PCB karibu na LEDs.

Kanuni ya Uendeshaji

LED ya 42-21A inategemea chip ya semikondukta iliyotengenezwa kwa Indium Gallium Nitride (InGaN). Unapotumia voltage ya mbele inayozidi kizingiti cha kuwasha diode, elektroni na mashimo huingizwa kwenye eneo lenye uwezo la semikondukta. Vibeba malipo hivi huchanganyika tena, huku vikitolea nishati kwa njia ya fotoni (mwanga). Muundo maalum wa aloi ya InGaN huamua nishati ya pengo la bendi, ambayo huamua urefu wa wimbi (rangi) ya mwanga unaotolewa—kwa hali hii, bluu. Mwanga hutoka kwenye chip na huelekezwa na kikombe cha kielekezi kilichojumuishwa ndani ya kifurushi ili kufikia pembe maalum ya kuona ya digrii 20. Kifuniko cha epoksi huilinda chip na viunganisho vya waya huku pia kikifanya kazi kama lenzi ya msingi.

Mwelekeo wa Teknolojia

LED za SMD kama 42-21A ni sehemu ya mwenendo endelevu wa kupunguza ukubwa, kuongeza ufanisi, na kuboresha uaminifu katika taa za hali imara. Maendeleo katika mbinu za ukuaji wa epitaxial kwa nyenzo za InGaN yameboresha kwa utulivu ufanisi wa quantum wa ndani, na kuwezesha utoaji wa mwanga mkubwa kutoka kwa chips ndogo. Teknolojia ya ufungaji imebadilika ili kutoa njia bora za joto (k.m., pedi za joto zilizo wazi) na udhibiti sahihi zaidi wa mwanga. Zaidi ya hayo, viendeshi kote tasnia ni pamoja na msukumo wa viwango vya juu vya kufuata mazingira (zaidi ya RoHS hadi Bila Halojeni, wigo mdogo wa kaboni) na ujumuishaji wa vipengele vya kisasa, ingawa hivi vya mwisho vinahusika zaidi kwa vifurushi vya LED zenye nguvu zaidi au zinazoweza kuanzishwa. Uhitaji wa utendakazi thabiti, unaowezeshwa na mifumo ya kisasa ya kugawa kama inavyoonekana kwa kijenzi hiki, bado ni muhimu sana kwa matumizi katika vifaa vya elektroniki vya watumiaji, skrini, na mambo ya ndani ya magari ambapo ubora wa kuona ni muhimu zaidi.

Maelezo ya Istilahi za Vigezo vya LED

Kamusi Kamili ya Istilahi za Teknolojia ya LED

I. Viashiria Muhimu vya Utendaji wa Kielektroniki na Mwanga

Istilahi Unit/Penulisan Penjelasan Populer Kwa nini ni muhimu
Ufanisi wa Mwanga (Luminous Efficacy) lm/W (lumens per watt) The luminous flux emitted per watt of electrical power; the higher the value, the more energy-efficient. Directly determines the energy efficiency rating and electricity cost of the luminaire.
Fluxi ya Mwanga (Luminous Flux) lm (lumen) Jumla ya kiasi cha mwanga kinachotolewa na chanzo cha mwanga, kinachojulikana kwa kawaida kama "mwangaza". Huamua kama taa inatosha kuwa na mwangaza.
Pembe ya kuona mwanga (Viewing Angle) ° (degree), e.g., 120° The angle at which light intensity drops to half, determining the beam width. Affects the illumination range and uniformity.
Joto la rangi (CCT) K (Kelvin), k.m. 2700K/6500K Joto la rangi ya mwanga, thamani ya chini huelekea manjano/joto, thamani ya juu huelekea nyeupe/baridi. Huamua mazingira ya taa na matumizi yanayofaa.
Kielelezo cha Uonyeshaji Rangi (CRI / Ra) Unitless, 0–100 The ability of a light source to reproduce the true colors of objects, with Ra≥80 being preferable. Inaathiri usahihi wa rangi, hutumiwa katika maeneo yenye mahitaji makubwa kama vile maduka makubwa, majumba ya sanaa.
Tofauti ya uvumilivu wa rangi (SDCM) Hatua za duaradufu ya MacAdam, kama vile "5-step" A quantitative metric for color consistency; a smaller step number indicates better color consistency. Ensure no color variation among luminaires from the same batch.
Wavelengthu Kuu (Dominant Wavelength) nm (nanomita), k.m. 620nm (nyekundu) Thamani ya wavelength inayolingana na rangi ya LED ya rangi. Determines the hue of monochromatic LEDs such as red, yellow, and green.
Spectral Distribution Wavelength vs. Intensity Curve Shows the intensity distribution of light emitted by the LED at various wavelengths. Affects color rendering and color quality.

Vigezo vya Umeme

Istilahi Ishara Penjelasan Populer Mambo ya Kuzingatia katika Ubunifu
Voltage ya Mbele (Forward Voltage) Vf Voltage ya chini inayohitajika kuwasha LED, kama "kizingiti cha kuanzisha". Voltage ya chanzo cha umeme inahitaji kuwa ≥ Vf, voltage inajumlishwa wakati LED nyingi zimeunganishwa mfululizo.
Forward Current If The current value required for the LED to emit light normally. Constant current drive is commonly used, as the current determines brightness and lifespan.
Mkondo wa juu wa msukumo (Pulse Current) Ifp Peak current that can be withstood for a short period, used for dimming or flashing. Pulse width and duty cycle must be strictly controlled to prevent overheating damage.
Reverse Voltage Vr The maximum reverse voltage that an LED can withstand; exceeding it may cause breakdown. Mzunguko unahitaji kuzuia uunganishaji kinyume au mshtuko wa voltage.
Thermal Resistance Rth(°C/W) Upinzani wa joto kutoka kwenye chip hadi kwenye sehemu ya kuuziwa, thamani ya chini inaonyesha usambazaji bora wa joto. Upinzani mkubwa wa joto unahitaji muundo wa nguvu zaidi wa usambazaji joto, vinginevyo joto la kiungo litaongezeka.
Uvumilivu wa Kutokwa na Umeme wa Tuli (ESD Immunity) V (HBM), k.m. 1000V Uwezo wa kukabiliana na mshtuko wa umeme wa tuli, thamani ya juu zaidi inamaanisha uwezo mkubwa wa kuepusha uharibifu kutokana na umeme wa tuli. Hatua za kinga dhidi ya umeme wa tuli zinahitajika katika uzalishaji, hasa kwa LED zenye unyeti wa juu.

III. Usimamizi wa Joto na Uthabiti

Istilahi Viashiria Muhimu Penjelasan Populer Athari
Junction Temperature Tj (°C) Joto halisi la uendeshaji ndani ya chip ya LED. Kila kupungua kwa joto la 10°C, maisha ya taa yanaweza kuongezeka mara mbili; joto la juu sana husababisha kupungua kwa mwanga na mabadiliko ya rangi.
Kupungua kwa Mwanga (Lumen Depreciation) L70 / L80 (saa) Muda unaohitajika ili mwangaza upunguke hadi 70% au 80% ya thamani ya awali. Inafafanua moja kwa moja "maisha ya huduma" ya LED.
Lumen Maintenance % (e.g., 70%) The percentage of remaining brightness after a period of use. Inaonyesha uwezo wa kudumisha mwangaza baada ya matumizi ya muda mrefu.
Color Shift Δu′v′ or MacAdam ellipse The degree of color change during usage. Affects the color consistency of the lighting scene.
Uzeefu wa joto (Thermal Aging) Kupungua kwa utendaji wa nyenzo Deterioration of packaging materials due to prolonged high temperatures. May lead to decreased brightness, color shift, or open-circuit failure.

IV. Packaging and Materials

Istilahi Aina za Kawaida Penjelasan Populer Sifa na Matumizi
Package Type EMC, PPA, Ceramic The housing material that protects the chip and provides optical and thermal interfaces. EMC offers good heat resistance and low cost; ceramics provide excellent heat dissipation and long lifespan.
Chip structure Face-up, Flip Chip Chip electrode arrangement method. Flip Chip offers better heat dissipation and higher luminous efficacy, making it suitable for high-power applications.
Phosphor coating YAG, silicate, nitride Inafunika kwenye chipi ya mwanga wa bluu, sehemu hubadilishwa kuwa mwanga wa manjano/nyekundu, na kuchanganywa kuwa mwanga mweupe. Fosfori tofauti huathiri ufanisi wa mwanga, halijoto ya rangi na ubora wa kuonyesha rangi.
Lens/Usanidi wa Optics Planar, Microlens, Total Internal Reflection Optical structure on the package surface to control light distribution. Determine the beam angle and light distribution curve.

V. Quality Control and Binning

Istilahi Binning Content Penjelasan Populer Purpose
Luminous Flux Binning Codes such as 2G, 2H Group by brightness level, each group has a minimum/maximum lumen value. Ensure consistent brightness for products within the same batch.
Mgawanyiko wa voltage Msimbo kama vile 6W, 6X Group by forward voltage range. Facilitates driver matching and improves system efficiency.
Color binning. 5-step MacAdam Ellipse Group by color coordinates to ensure colors fall within a minimal range. Ensure color consistency to avoid uneven color within the same luminaire.
Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) Binning 2700K, 3000K, etc. Pang'anganya kulingana na joto la rangi, kila kikundi kina anuwai ya kuratibu inayolingana. Kukidhi mahitaji ya joto la rangi kwa matukio tofauti.

VI. Upimaji na Uthibitishaji

Istilahi Viwango/Upimaji Penjelasan Populer Maana
LM-80 Mtihani wa Kudumisha Lumen Kurekebisha kwa muda mrefu chini ya hali ya joto la kudumu, rekodi data ya kupungua kwa mwangaza. Inatumika kukadiria maisha ya LED (kwa kuchanganya TM-21).
TM-21 Standard for Life Projection Projecting lifetime under actual use conditions based on LM-80 data. Toa utabiri wa kisayansi wa maisha.
IESNA Standard Illuminating Engineering Society Standard Inajumu mbinu za kupima mwanga, umeme na joto. Msingi unaokubalika kitaalamu wa upimaji.
RoHS / REACH Environmental Certification Ensure products are free from hazardous substances (e.g., lead, mercury). Masharti ya kuingia katika soko la kimataifa.
ENERGY STAR / DLC Uthibitisho wa Ufanisi wa Nishati Uthibitisho wa Ufanisi wa Nishati na Utendaji kwa Bidhaa za Taa. Inatumika kwa kawaida katika ununuzi wa serikali na miradi ya ruzuku, kuimarisha ushindani wa soko.