17-21/G6C-FM1N2B/3T SMD LED Datasheet - Size 1.6x0.8x0.6mm - Voltage 1.75-2.35V - Bright Yellow-Green - Technical Documentation

1. Product Overview

The 17-21/G6C-FM1N2B/3T is a Surface-Mount Device (SMD) LED, designed specifically for modern electronic applications that require compact size, high reliability, and consistent performance. This component represents a significant advancement over traditional lead-frame LEDs, enabling more efficient and miniaturized designs.

1.1 Core Advantages and Product Positioning

The primary advantage of this LED lies in its extremely small footprint. The 17-21 package is significantly smaller than lead-frame components, which directly provides several key benefits for designers and manufacturers. It allows for smaller printed circuit board (PCB) sizes, leading to more compact end products. Adopting this SMD form factor enables high assembly density, meaning more components can be placed on a single circuit board, optimizing space utilization. The reduction in component size also lowers storage space requirements during manufacturing and logistics. Ultimately, these factors contribute to the development of smaller, lighter, and more portable electronic devices. Its lightweight package makes it particularly suitable for applications where weight is a critical factor, such as portable devices, wearables, and miniature instruments.

1.2 Target Market and Applications

This LED is designed for a wide range of indicator and backlight applications across multiple industries. Its primary application is in automotive and industrial instrument panels, serving as indicator lights or backlighting for switches and gauges, providing clear and reliable illumination. In the telecommunications field, it is well-suited for use as status indicator lights and keyboard backlighting in devices such as telephones and fax machines. Another important application is providing uniform planar backlighting for liquid crystal displays (LCDs), switches, and symbols, where even and consistent lighting is required. Its versatile design also makes it suitable for various consumer electronics, household appliances, and instrumentation that require bright yellow-green indication.

2. In-depth Technical Parameter Analysis

The performance of the 17-21 LED is defined by a comprehensive set of electrical, optical, and thermal parameters. Understanding these specifications is crucial for proper circuit design and ensuring long-term reliability.

2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

These ratings define the stress limits that could cause permanent damage to the device. These values must not be exceeded, even momentarily, under normal operating or fault conditions.

• Reverse voltage (V_R):5 V. Applying a reverse voltage higher than this value may cause junction breakdown.
• Forward current (I_F):25 mA. This is the maximum continuous DC current that can flow through the LED.
• Peak forward current (I_FP):60 mA. This is the maximum pulse current, specified at a duty cycle of 1/10 and a frequency of 1 kHz. Not suitable for continuous operation.
• Power dissipation (P_d):60 mW. This is the maximum power that the package can dissipate as heat without exceeding its thermal limit.
• Electrostatic discharge (ESD):2000 V (Human Body Model). This rating indicates the LED's sensitivity to static electricity; proper ESD handling procedures must be followed.
• Operating Temperature (T_opr):-40°C to +85°C. The device is guaranteed to operate within specifications over this ambient temperature range.
• Storage Temperature (T_stg):-40°C to +90°C.
• Soldering Temperature (T_sol):The device can withstand a peak temperature of 260°C for up to 10 seconds during reflow soldering, or hand soldering at 350°C for up to 3 seconds per pin.

2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics

Measured under standard test conditions of 25°C ambient temperature and 20 mA forward current, these parameters define the LED's light output and electrical behavior.

• Luminous Intensity (I_v):18.0 - 45.0 mcd (millicandela). The actual output is determined by the binning code (see Section 3). The typical value is in the middle of this range. Viewing Angle (2θ_1/2) is typically 140 degrees, providing a wide beam.
• Peak Wavelength (λ_p):Kawaida ni 575 nm. Hii ndio urefu wa wimbi ambapo usambazaji wa nguvu ya wigo unafikia thamani ya juu zaidi.
• Urefu wa wimbi kuu (λ_d):570.0 - 574.5 nm. Kigezo hiki kiko karibu zaidi na rangi ya mwanga inayohisiwa na jicho la mwanadamu, yaani manjano-kijani nyangavu. Thamani maalum imedhamiriwa na kiwango cha kugawanya rangi.
• Upana wa wigo (Δλ):Kawaida ni 20 nm. Hii inafafanua upana wa wigo wa utoaji katika nusu ya nguvu yake ya juu zaidi, ikionyesha usafi wa rangi.
• Voltage ya mbele (V_F):Katika I_F= 20 mA ni 1.75 - 2.35 V. Thamani maalum inategemea kiwango cha kugawanya voltage. Hii ni kigezo muhimu cha kubuni mzunguko wa kudhibiti mkondo.
• Mkondo wa nyuma (I_R):Katika V_R= 5 V ni hadi 10 μA. Ni muhimu kuzingatia kuwa kifaa hiki hakikusudiwa kufanya kazi katika upendeleo wa nyuma; kigezo hiki kinatumika tu kwa madhumuni ya kupima uvujaji.

2.3 Thermal Characteristics and Derating

Utendaji wa LED unategemea sana joto. Voltage ya mbele hupungua kadri joto linavyoongezeka, wakati pato la mwanga pia linapungua. Mkunjo wa kupunguzwa wa uwezo uliotolewa kwenye maelezo ya ufundi unaonyesha jinsi ya kupunguza kiwango cha juu cha ruhusiwa cha sasa cha mbele wakati joto la mazingira linazidi 25°C, ili kuzuia joto kupita kiasi na kuhakikisha maisha marefu ya kifaa. Kwa uendeshaji thabiti, joto la kiungo lazima lishikiliwe ndani ya mipaka salama, jambo linalodhibitiwa kwa kuzingatia viwango vya matumizi ya nguvu na kutumia muundo unaofaa wa joto wa PCB, kama vile pedi za kutawanya joto au mashimo.

3. Binning System Description

Ili kuhakikisha uthabiti katika uzalishaji wingi, LED zimegawanywa katika daraja tofauti kulingana na vigezo muhimu vya utendaji. Hii inaruhusu wabunifu kuchagua vipengele vinavyokidhi mahitaji maalum ya matumizi yao.

3.1 Luminous Intensity Binning

Pato la mwanga limegawanywa katika daraja nne: M1, M2, N1, na N2. Kila daraja linashughulikia safu maalum ya thamani za millicandela zilizopimwa kwa 20 mA. Kwa mfano, daraja la M1 linashughulikia 18.0-22.5 mcd, wakati daraja la N2 linashughulikia safu ya juu zaidi ya pato, 36.0-45.0 mcd. Wabunifu wanaweza kubainisha msimbo wa daraja ili kuhakikisha kiwango cha chini cha mwangaza kwa matumizi yao, jambo muhimu kwa kuhakikisha muonekano sare wa safu nyingi za LED au kukidhi viwango maalum vya kuonekana.

3.2 Dominant Wavelength Binning

The color of the emitted light is controlled by sorting based on dominant wavelength. The 17-21 LED uses CC2, CC3, and CC4 bins, corresponding to wavelength ranges of 570.0-571.5 nm, 571.5-573.0 nm, and 573.0-574.5 nm, respectively. This strict control (with a tolerance of ±1 nm within each bin) ensures high color consistency between LEDs, which is crucial for applications where color matching is important, such as in multi-segment displays or status indicators that must appear identical.

3.3 Forward Voltage Binning

Forward voltage is divided into three categories: 0, 1, and 2. Bin 0 covers 1.75-1.95 V, bin 1 covers 1.95-2.15 V, and bin 2 covers 2.15-2.35 V. Understanding V_Fbinning is important for power supply design. If LEDs with different V_Fbins are connected in parallel without individual current limiting, they may draw unequal currents due to slight differences in voltage drop, leading to uneven brightness. Specifying strict V_Fbinning helps mitigate this issue in parallel configurations or simplifies the design of constant current drivers.

4. Performance Curve Analysis

Mwongozo unatoa mikunjo kadhaa ya tabia inayoonyesha tabia ya kifaa chini ya hali tofauti. Michoro hii ni muhimu kwa kuelewa uhusiano usio na mstari na kwa madhumuni ya uigizaji.

4.1 Relationship Between Relative Luminous Intensity and Forward Current

Mkunjiko huu unaonyesha pato la mwanga halilingani kwa uwiano na mkondo. Ingawa pato linaongezeka kwa kuongezeka kwa mkondo, katika mikondo ya juu, uhusiano huelekea kuwa chini ya mstari kwa sababu ya athari za joto zinazozidi na kushuka kwa ufanisi. Kuendesha mkondo wa LED kwa kiwango kikubwa zaidi ya mkondo wa majaribio ya 20 mA unaopendekezwa, kunaweza kutoa faida inayopungua katika mwangaza, wakati huo huo kupunguza sana maisha na uaminifu.

4.2 Uhusiano wa Nguvu ya Mwanga wa Jamaa na Joto la Mazingira

Kielelezo hiki kinaonyesha athari hasi ya joto kwenye pato la mwanga. Kadiri joto la mazingira (na kwa hivyo kiungo) linavyopanda, ukubwa wa mwanga hupungua. Athari hii ya kuzima kwa joto ni sifa ya msingi ya vitoa mwanga vya semiconductor. Mkunjiko huu husaidia wabunifu kukadiria upotezaji wa mwangaza katika mazingira ya joto la juu, na kunaweza kutoa taarifa kwa maamuzi ya usimamizi wa joto au fidia ya mkondo wa kuendesha.

4.3 Uhusiano wa Voltage ya Mbele na Mkondo wa Mbele (I-V Curve)

I-V curve inaonyesha sifa za kawaida za diode ya kielelezo. Voltage ya "kiinua" ambapo sasa huanza kupanda kwa kasi iko karibu na V ya kawaida._FThamani hii. Curve hii ni muhimu sana katika kubuni saketi ya kuendesha, kwani inaonyesha kwamba mabadiliko madogo ya voltage yanasababisha mabadiliko makubwa ya sasa, ikasisitiza umuhimu mkubwa wa udhibiti wa sasa badala ya udhibiti wa voltage.

4.4 Usambazaji wa Wigo na Mfumo wa Mionzi

Grafu ya usambazaji wa wigo inathibitisha hali ya rangi moja ya LED, ikionyesha kilele kimoja karibu na 575 nm. Grafu ya muundo wa mionzi (kwa kawaida ni grafu ya kuratibu polar) inaelezea usambazaji wa pembe wa nguvu ya mwanga. Pembe ya maono ya kawaida ya digrii 140 inaonyesha muundo wa utoaji wa Lambert au karibu na Lambert, ambapo nguvu ni ya juu zaidi inapotazamwa kwa uso mbele na hupungua polepole kuelekea pande.

5. Taarifa za Mitambo na Ufungaji

5.1 Package Dimensions and Polarity Marking

17-21 SMD LED hutumia ufungaji mstatili mwembamba. Vipimo muhimu vinajumuisha urefu, upana na urefu wa mwili. Cathode imewekwa alama wazi, kwa kawaida kupitia nukta ya kijani, ukata au pembe iliyopindika kwenye ufungaji. Kutambua kwa usahihi uingizaji wakati wa usanikishaji ni muhimu ili kuzuia kifaa kisipandishwe kinyume. Muundo unaopendekezwa wa pedi ya PCB (footprint) umetolewa ili kuhakikisha ufungaji sahihi na uthabiti wa mitambo.

5.2 Tape and Reel Packaging

For automated assembly, the LEDs are supplied in 8mm wide embossed carrier tape, wound onto 7-inch diameter reels. The standard quantity per reel is 3000 pieces. Reel dimensions and carrier tape pocket specifications are provided to ensure compatibility with standard pick-and-place equipment. The packaging is designed to protect the components from mechanical damage and moisture during storage and transportation.

5.3 Moisture Sensitivity and Handling

The components are packaged in moisture barrier bags with desiccant to protect them from ambient humidity, as moisture absorption can lead to "popcorn" effect or delamination during high-temperature reflow soldering. The label on the bag provides key information, including product number, quantity, and binning codes for luminous intensity (CAT), dominant wavelength (HUE), and forward voltage (REF).

6. Soldering and Assembly Guidelines

Proper soldering is crucial for the reliability and performance of SMD components. The datasheet provides detailed instructions to prevent damage.

6.1 Mkunjo wa Joto wa Upashaji Rijiali

Specifies the lead-free reflow soldering temperature profile. Key parameters include: a preheat zone of 150-200°C lasting 60-120 seconds to gradually heat the board and components; time above liquidus (217°C) of 60-150 seconds; peak temperature not exceeding 260°C, with a maximum hold time of 10 seconds; and controlled ramp-up and cooling rates (maximum 3°C/sec and 6°C/sec, respectively) to minimize thermal shock. It is strongly recommended that reflow soldering be performed no more than twice on the same LED.

6.2 Uangalizi wa Uchimbaji wa Mikono

If manual soldering is necessary, extreme caution must be taken. The soldering iron tip temperature should be below 350°C, and the contact time with each pin should not exceed 3 seconds. Use of a low-power soldering iron (25W or lower) is recommended. A minimum interval of 2 seconds between soldering two pins is advised to allow for heat dissipation. No mechanical stress should be applied to the LED during or after soldering.

6.3 Uhifadhi na Upikaji

Unopened moisture barrier bags can be stored under standard factory conditions. Once opened, if the ambient conditions are 30°C/60%RH or lower, the LEDs should be used within 168 hours (7 days). If not used within this timeframe, or if the desiccant indicator shows saturation, the LEDs must be baked at 60 ±5°C for 24 hours to drive out absorbed moisture prior to reflow soldering.

7. Maelezo ya Matumizi na Mazingatio ya Ubunifu

7.1 Current Limiting Measures Must Be Used

Wakati inaendeshwa kutoka kwa chanzo cha voltage, upinzani wa nje wa kizuizi cha mkondo unahitajika kabisa. Kwa sababu ya sifa ya I-V iliyonyooka, ongezeko dogo la voltage ya usambazaji linaweza kusababisha ongezeko kubwa, na linaloweza kuharibu, la mkondo wa mwelekeo sahihi. Thamani ya upinzani inaweza kuhesabiwa kwa kutumia kanuni ya Ohm: R = (V_{Chanzo cha Umeme}- V_F) / I_F. Kutumia V_Fya juu kutoka kwa hati ya maelezo katika hesabu hii kuhakikisha kuwa hata kwa vifaa vilivyo na V_Fya chini, mkondo hautazidi kikomo. Kwa utulivu bora, mzunguko wa kuendesha wa mkondo wa mara kwa mara unapendekezwa, hasa kwa matumizi yanayohitaji udhibiti sahihi wa mwangaza, au wakati wa kufanya kazi na vyanzo vya voltage vinavyobadilika au visivyodhibitiwa vyema.

7.2 PCB Thermal Management

Despite their small size, LEDs generate heat. For reliable long-term operation, especially under high ambient temperatures or drive currents, attention should be paid to PCB layout for heat dissipation. Using a copper pad (thermal pad) connected to the ground or power plane beneath the LED and connected via thermal vias helps conduct heat away from the junction. Placing LEDs near other heat-generating components should also be avoided.

7.3 Optical Design Considerations

The 140-degree wide viewing angle makes this LED suitable for applications requiring broad, uniform illumination. For applications needing a more focused beam, secondary optics such as lenses or light pipes can be employed. The bright yellow-green color is highly visible to the human eye and is often chosen for attention-grabbing indicator lights. Designers should consider the interaction of the LED's emitted light with overlays, diffusers, or color filters to achieve the desired final visual effect.

8. Technical Comparison and Differentiation

The 17-21/G6C-FM1N2B/3T LED offers specific advantages in the indicator LED field. Compared to through-hole LEDs, its primary advantage is the significant reduction in board space and assembly cost achieved through surface-mount technology. Compared to other SMD LEDs, its use of AlGaInP (Aluminum Gallium Indium Phosphide) semiconductor material is key. AlGaInP technology is renowned for producing high-efficiency light in the yellow, orange, and red regions of the spectrum. For this bright yellow-green, it typically offers higher luminous efficacy and better temperature stability than older technologies like GaAsP on GaP. The "water clear" resin lens (as opposed to diffused or tinted resin) provides the highest possible light output and a clear, saturated color point. Its compliance with RoHS, REACH, and halogen-free standards makes it suitable for the global market with stringent environmental regulations.

9. Maswali Yanayoulizwa Mara kwa Mara (Kulingana na Vigezo vya Kiufundi)

9.1 Ikiwa voltage ya umeme yangu ni haswa 2.0V, naweza kuendesha LED hii bila kupinga moja kwa moja?

Hapana, hii haipendekezi, na kuna uwezekano mkubwa wa kuharibu LED.Voltage ya mbele (V_F) sio thamani maalum, bali ni safu (1.75-2.35V). Ikiwa voltage ya 2.0V itatumika moja kwa moja, LED yenye V_Fya 1.8V (kutoka kwa daraja la 0) itakabiliwa na overdrive ya voltage ya 0.2V. Kutokana na mkunjo wa kielelezo wa I-V wa diode, overdrive ndogo hii inaweza kusababisha mkondo kuzidi kiwango cha juu kabisa cha kuratibu, na kusababisha kuharibika haraka au kushindwa papo hapo. Uendeshaji salama kutoka kwa chanzo cha voltage daima unahitaji kupinga mfululizo.

9.2 Kwa nini nguvu ya mwanga inatolewa kama safu (18-45 mcd) badala ya thamani moja?

Kutokana na tofauti za asili katika mchakato wa utengenezaji wa semiconductor, vigezo kama nguvu ya mwanga hutofautiana kutoka kwa wafer hadi wafer, na hata ndani ya wafer moja. Ili kutoa utendakazi unaotabirika, LED hujaribiwa na kugawanywa katika "daraja" tofauti kulingana na pato lililopimwa. Safu nzima (18-45 mcd) inawakilisha usambazaji wa jumla wa uzalishaji. Kwa kubainisha msimbo wa daraja (k.m., N1 inalingana na 28.5-36.0 mcd), mbuni anaweza kuhakikisha kuwa LED zote katika bidhaa zao ziko ndani ya safu nyembamba zaidi, inayotabirika ya mwangaza, na hivyo kuhakikisha uthabiti katika matumizi ya mwisho.

9.3 Kuna tofauti gani kati ya Peak Wavelength na Dominant Wavelength?

Peak Wavelength (λ_p):Urefu maalum wa wimbi ambapo pato la nguvu la wigo la LED linifikia kiwango cha juu zaidi. Ni kipimo cha kimwili kinachochukuliwa kutoka kwenye wigo.
Urefu wa wimbi kuu (λ_d):Urefu wa wimbi wa mwanga wa monokromati ambao unalingana na rangi inayohisiwa ya LED inapounganishwa na chanzo maalum cha mwanga cha kumbukumbu nyeupe. Inahusiana moja kwa moja zaidi na "rangi" inayoonekana na jicho la mwanadamu. Kwa LED za monokromati kama hizi, kwa kawaida ziko karibu, lakini λ_dni kigezo kinachotumika kwa upangaji rangi, kwa sababu kinafafanua vyema zaidi uthabiti wa kuona.

9.4 How to understand the ESD rating of 2000V (HBM)?

Kiwango hiki kinaonyesha uthabiti wa LED dhidi ya utokaji umeme wa tuli kulingana na kiwango cha kupima cha Mfano wa Mwili wa Binadamu (HBM). Kiwango cha 2000V kina maana kwamba kifaa kwa kawaida kinaweza kustahimili utokaji wa hadi volti 2000 kutoka kwa mwili wa binadamu (kutolewa kwa mfano kwa kupitia kondakta ya 100pF yenye upinzani wa 1.5kΩ). Hiki ni kiwango cha kawaida cha vifaa vya kibiashara vingi. Hata hivyo, bado ni muhimu kufuata taratibu salama za usindikaji wa ESD wakati wa kusanyiko, kama vile kutumia kituo cha kazi kilichowekwa ardhini, bendi za mkono, na vyombo vinavyoweza kufanya umeme, ili kuzuia uharibifu unaoweza usisababishe kushindwa mara moja lakini ukifupisha maisha ya kifaa.