Table of Contents
- 1. Product Overview
- 2. In-depth Technical Parameter Analysis
- 2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
- 2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics
- 3. Grading System Description
- 3.1 R6 (Red) Wavelength Binning
- 3.2 GH (Green) Wavelength Binning
- 4. Performance Curve Analysis
- 4.1 R6 (Red Chip) Characteristics
- 4.2 GH (Green Chip) Characteristics
- 5. Mechanical and Packaging Information
- 5.1 Package Dimensions
- 5.2 Polarity Marking
- 6. Soldering and Assembly Guide
- 6.1 Mkunjo wa Joto wa Reflow Soldering
- 6.2 Vidokezo vya Uhifadhi na Uendeshaji
- 7. Maelezo ya Ufungaji na Uagizaji
- 7.1 Reel and Carrier Tape Specifications
- 7.2 Label Information
- 8. Mapendekezo ya Matumizi
- 8.1 Typical Application Scenarios
- 8.2 Design Considerations
- 9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation
- 10. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)
- 10.1 Je, naweza kuunganisha LED hii moja kwa moja kwenye chanzo cha umeme cha 5V bila kutumia resistor?
- 10.2 Kwa nini viwango vya ESD vya chipukizi nyekundu na kijani ni tofauti?
- 10.3 "Bin" habari inamaanisha nini kwa muundo wangu?
- 10.4 How many reflow cycles can this component undergo?
- 11. Practical Design Case Analysis
- 12. Utangulizi wa Kanuni ya Uendeshaji
- 13. Mwenendo wa Maendeleo ya Teknolojia
1. Product Overview
19-22/R6GHC-C02/2T ni kifaa cha LED cha SMD chenye ukubwa mdogo, kilichobuniwa kwa ajili ya usanikishaji wa elektroniki wenye msongamano mkubwa. Kifaa hiki kinaunganisha teknolojia mbili tofauti za chipi za LED ndani ya kifuniko kimoja: chipi ya AlGaInP inayotoa mwanga mwekundu mkali (kifupi R6), na chipi ya InGaN inayotoa mwanga kijani kibichi mkali (kifupi GH). Usanidi huu wa rangi nyingi hutoa urahisi wa kubuni ndani ya eneo dogo sana.
Ikilinganishwa na vipengee vya zamani vya fremu ya waya, faida kuu ya LED hii ni kupunguzwa kwa kiasi kikubwa cha ukubwa wake. Uboreshaji huu wa ukubwa hufanya ubunifu wa bodi ya mzunguko wa kuchapishwa (PCB) kuwa mdogo, msongamano wa usanikishaji wa vipengee kuwa mkubwa zaidi, mahitaji ya uhifadhi kuwa madogo, na hatimaye kuchangia katika ukuzaji wa vifaa vya mwisho vya mtumiaji vyenye ukubwa mdogo zaidi. Muundo wake mwepesi zaidi hufanya iwe chaguo bora kwa matumizi ya vidogo na ya kubebeka ambapo nafasi na uzito ni vikwazo muhimu.
该器件以行业标准的8mm载带、7英寸直径卷盘形式提供,确保与高速自动化贴片组装设备的兼容性。其配方为无铅,并符合包括RoHS、欧盟REACH和无卤标准(Br <900 ppm, Cl <900 ppm, Br+Cl < 1500 ppm)在内的关键环保法规。
LED hupangwa kulingana na urefu wao wa wimbi kuu, ili kuhakikisha uthabiti wa rangi ndani ya matumizi.
2.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings
Operating the device beyond these limits may cause permanent damage. All ratings are specified at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 25°C.
- Reverse Voltage (VR):5 V (max). This device is not designed for operation in reverse bias; this rating is primarily for testing reverse leakage current (IR).
- Continuous Forward Current (IF):Both the R6 (red) and GH (green) chips are 25 mA.
- Peak Forward Current (IFP):Inakatumika kwa mzunguko wa 1 kHz na uwiano wa kazi 1/10. Chipu R6 inaweza kuhimili 60 mA, wakati chipu GH imekadiriwa kwa 100 mA. Kigezo hiki ni muhimu sana kwa matumizi ya uendeshaji wa msukumo.
- Matumizi ya nguvu (Pd):Upeo wa matumizi ya nguvu yanayoruhusiwa kwa chipu R6 ni 60 mW, na kwa chipu GH ni 95 mW. Hiki ni kigezo muhimu cha usimamizi wa joto.
- Utoaji wa umeme wa tuli (ESD) Mtindo wa Mwili wa Binadamu (HBM):The R6 chip provides robust ESD protection up to 2000V, while the GH chip is more sensitive with a rating of 150V. Proper ESD handling procedures must be followed, especially for green chips.
- Operating and Storage Temperature:The device's rated operating temperature range is -40°C to +85°C, and the storage temperature range is -40°C to +90°C.
- Joto la kuchomelea:Kwa kuchomelea reflow, kiwango cha juu cha joto kimebainishwa kuwa 260°C, kwa upeo wa sekunde 10. Kwa kuchomelea kwa mkono, joto la ncha ya chuma la kuchomelea halipaswi kuzidi 350°C, kwa upeo wa sekunde 3 kwa kila terminal.
2.2 Electro-Optical Characteristics
These parameters define the optical output and electrical behavior under normal operating conditions (unless otherwise specified, Ta=25°C, IF=5mA).
- Luminous intensity (Iv):The typical intensity for the R6 (red) chip is 20.0 mcd (minimum 14.5 mcd). The typical intensity for the GH (green) chip is 65.0 mcd (minimum 45.0 mcd). A tolerance of ±11% applies.
- Viewing Angle (2θ1/2):This package typically features a wide viewing angle of 130 degrees, providing an extensive illumination range.
- Wavelength:
- R6 (Nyekundu):Urefu wa wimbi wa kilele (λp) ni 632 nm. Anuwai ya urefu wa wimbi kuu (λd) ni kutoka 617.5 nm hadi 629.5 nm, na uvumilivu wa ±1 nm. Upana wa wigo (Δλ) ni 20 nm.
- GH (Kijani):Peak wavelength (λp) is 518 nm. Dominant wavelength (λd) range is 517.5 nm to 533.5 nm, with a tolerance of ±1 nm. Spectral bandwidth (Δλ) is 35 nm.
- Forward voltage (VF):
- R6 (Nyekundu):At 5mA, typical value is 1.9 V, maximum value is 2.3 V.
- GH (Kijani):At 5mA, typical value is 2.9 V, maximum value is 3.4 V.
- Reverse current (IR):Measured at VR=5V. R6 max is 10 μA, GH max is 50 μA.
3. Grading System Description
LED zimepangwa (kwenye makundi) kulingana na Wavelength yao Kuu ili kuhakikisha uthabiti wa rangi ndani ya matumizi.
3.1 R6 (Red) Wavelength Binning
- Msimbo wa Kugawa 1:617.5 nm ≤ λd < 621.5 nm
- Bin code 2:621.5 nm ≤ λd < 625.5 nm
- Bin code 3:625.5 nm ≤ λd ≤ 629.5 nm
3.2 GH (Green) Wavelength Binning
- Msimbo wa Kugawa 1:517.5 nm ≤ λd < 525.5 nm
- Bin code 2:525.5 nm ≤ λd ≤ 533.5 nm
Kwa wabunifu ambao wanahitaji kufananisha rangi kwa usahihi kwa LED nyingi kwenye kionyeshi au paneli ya kiashiria, habari hii ya kugawanya ni muhimu sana.
4. Performance Curve Analysis
4.1 R6 (Red Chip) Characteristics
The provided curves illustrate the key relationships:
- Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Forward Current:Shows the nonlinear increase of light output with current. Operation above the recommended 5mA may yield higher intensity but can affect efficiency and lifespan.
- Relative Luminous Intensity vs. Ambient Temperature:Demonstrates the negative temperature coefficient of light output. As the junction temperature rises, the luminous intensity decreases, which is a fundamental characteristic of LED semiconductors.
- Forward Voltage vs. Forward Current:It depicts the I-V characteristic curve of the diode.
- Peak Wavelength vs. Ambient Temperature:Inaonyesha mabadiliko madogo ya urefu wa wimbi la mionzi kwa joto.
4.2 GH (Green Chip) Characteristics
Mkunjo wa chipu ya kijani unajumuisha:
- Usambazaji wa wigo:A plot of relative intensity versus wavelength, centered at 518 nm with a defined bandwidth.
- Forward Voltage vs. Forward Current:Similar to the red chip, but with a higher turn-on voltage, which is typical for InGaN-based green LEDs.
- Forward Current Derating Curve:Mchoro muhimu unaonyesha uhusiano kati ya mkondo wa juu unaoruhusiwa na joto la mazingira. Kadiri joto linavyopanda, ni lazima kupunguza mkondo wa juu ili kuzuia joto kupita kiasi na kuhakikisha utendaji thabiti.
- Mchoro wa mionzi:Inaonyesha usambazaji wa nafasi wa nguvu ya mwanga, na kuthibitisha pembe ya mtazamo ya digrii 130.
- Nguvu ya mwanga jamaa dhidi ya mkondo wa mbele na joto la mazingira:Mipaka hii inaonyesha pamoja jinsi pato la mwanga linavyotegemea mkondo wa kuendesha na joto la uendeshaji.
5. Mechanical and Packaging Information
5.1 Package Dimensions
The 19-22 SMD package has the following key dimensions (tolerance ±0.1mm):
- Length: 2.0 mm
- The package features a polarity indicator, typically a notch or a dot on the cathode side, to ensure correct orientation during assembly. In the recommended pad layout, the cathode is also associated with a specific pad shape.
- Urefu: 0.8 mm
- Umbali wa pini: 1.5 mm
- Pad size and shape are defined to ensure reliable soldering.
5.2 Polarity Marking
Kifurushi kina alama ya upande wa kinyume, kwa kawaida mwanya au nukta upande wa cathode, ili kuhakikisha mwelekeo sahihi wakati wa usanikishaji. Cathode pia inahusishwa na umbo maalum la pedi katika alama ya chini inayopendekezwa.
6. Soldering and Assembly Guide
6.1 Mkunjo wa Joto wa Reflow Soldering
Specifies the lead-free solder reflow temperature profile:
- Preheating:150–200°C, for 60–120 seconds.
- Time above liquidus (217°C):60–150 seconds.
- Peak temperature:Maximum 260°C.
- Time within ±5°C of peak temperature:Maximum 10 seconds.
- Heating rate:Upeo wa 6°C/s.
- Muda wa juu ya 255°C:Upeo wa sekunde 30.
- Kasi ya baridi:Upeo wa 3°C/s.
6.2 Vidokezo vya Uhifadhi na Uendeshaji
- Uwezo wa Unyevu:Kifaa kimefungwa kwenye mfuko wa kuzuia unyevu ulio na kikaushi. Usifungue mfuko huu kabla ya kuandaa kutumia kipengele.
- Urefu wa Maisha ya Kufanya Kazi:After opening, if stored under conditions of ≤30°C and ≤60% RH, LEDs should be used within 168 hours (7 days). Unused components must be resealed.
- Baking:If the exposure time exceeds the specified limit or the desiccant indicates moisture, baking at 60 ±5°C for 24 hours is required before reflow soldering.
- Current Limiting:An external current-limiting resistor must be used. LEDs exhibit an exponential current-voltage relationship, so a very small increase in voltage can lead to a massive, destructive current surge.
- Mechanical Stress:Epuka mkazo wowote kwenye mwili wa LED wakati wa kuchomelea au matumizi ya mwisho. Usipotoshe PCB baada ya kukusanya.
7. Maelezo ya Ufungaji na Uagizaji
7.1 Reel and Carrier Tape Specifications
The product is supplied in a moisture-proof packaging system:
- Carrier tape:Width 8mm, with grooves designed for 19-22 package.
- Reel:Standard 7-inch diameter reel.
- Quantity per reel:2000 pieces.
- Ukubwa wa Reel:Imebainisha kipenyo cha nje, kipenyo cha shimoni na upana, ili kuhakikisha utangamano na vifaa vya otomatiki.
7.2 Label Information
Mtepe wa mtepe una maelezo muhimu ya kufuatilia na utumiaji:
- Nambari ya Bidhaa ya Mteja (CPN)
- Nambari ya Bidhaa (P/N)
- Packaging Quantity (QTY)
- Luminous Intensity Category (CAT)
- Chromaticity and Wavelength Category (HUE)
- Forward Voltage Grade (REF)
- Lot Number (LOT No)
8. Mapendekezo ya Matumizi
8.1 Typical Application Scenarios
- Mwanga wa Nyuma:Due to their small size and wide viewing angle, they are very suitable for dashboard indicator lights, switch illumination, and symbol backlighting.
- Communication Equipment:Status indicator lights and keyboard backlighting in telephones, fax machines, and other communication equipment.
- LCD Flat Backlight:Can be used in arrays to provide edge or direct backlighting for small LCD panels.
- General Indication:Inatumika sana katika vifaa vya matumizi ya kaya, viwanda na magari kwa ajili ya kuonyesha hali ya umeme, uteuzi wa hali na maonyo.
8.2 Design Considerations
- Drive circuit:Tumia daima upinzani wa mfululizo kuweka mkondo wa mbele. Hesabu thamani ya upinzani kulingana na voltage ya chanzo (Vs), voltage ya mbele ya LED (VF), na mkondo unaohitajika (IF): R = (Vs - VF) / IF. Kwa muundo ulio na uangalifu, tumia thamani ya juu ya VF kutoka kwa spec sheet.
- Usimamizi wa joto:Ingawa ukubwa ni mdogo, ni muhimu kuzingatia matumizi ya nguvu (Pd), haswa katika hali ya joto la juu la mazingira au nafasi iliyofungwa. Fuata mkunjo wa kupunguza mzigo wa chip ya GH. Hakikisha eneo la shaba la kutosha kwenye PCB kwa ajili ya upotezaji wa joto.
- Ulinzi wa ESD:Ikiwa kuna hatari ya ESD katika mchakato wa usanidi au mazingira ya matumizi ya mwisho, hasa kwenye chipi ya GH, ulinzi wa ESD unapaswa kutekelezwa kwenye mistari ya ingizo.
- Usanifu wa Kioo:Pembe ya upana ya digrii 130 hutoa mwanga mpana na unaotawanyika. Kwa mwanga uliolenga zaidi, lenzi la nje au kielekezi cha mwanga kinaweza kuhitajika.
9. Technical Comparison and Differentiation
The 19-22/R6GHC-C02/2T offers several key advantages within its category:
- Dual-Chip/Multi-Color Capability:Kuunganisha nyekundu na kijani kwenye kifurushi kimoja kunahifadhi nafasi kwenye bodi ya mzunguko, kurahisisha muundo na usanikishaji ikilinganishwa na kutumia LED mbili za rangi moja tofauti.
- Ukubwa mdogo wa kuchukua nafasi:Ukubwa wa kuchukua nafasi wa 2.0 x 1.6 mm ni kati ya vifurushi vidogo vya SMD LED, vinavyowezesha mpangilio wenye msongamano mkubwa.
- Chipi nyekundu thabiti:Chip ya R6 yenye msingi wa AlGaInP hutoa uthabiti wa juu dhidi ya ESD (2000V HBM), ikiboresha uhakika wa uendeshaji na usindikaji.
- Uzingatiaji wa Mazingira:Inakidhi kikamilifu viwango vya RoHS, REACH na bila halojeni, ikikidhi mahitaji madhubuti ya sheria za kimataifa za vifaa vya kisasa vya elektroniki.
- Automation-Friendly:Tape and reel packaging, along with compatibility with infrared/vapor phase reflow soldering, supports cost-effective high-volume manufacturing.
10. Frequently Asked Questions (Based on Technical Parameters)
10.1 Je, naweza kuunganisha LED hii moja kwa moja kwenye chanzo cha umeme cha 5V bila kutumia resistor?
Hapana, hii itaharibu LED.LED ni kifaa kinachoendeshwa na mkondo wa umeme. Kuunganisha chanzo cha 5V moja kwa moja kwenye LED (hasa chipi nyekundu yenye VF ya kawaida ya 1.9V) kutasababisha mkondo kuzidi kiwango cha juu cha 25mA, na kusababisha kushindwa mara moja. Resistor ya kudhibiti mkondo wa nje ni muhimu kabisa.
10.2 Kwa nini viwango vya ESD vya chipukizi nyekundu na kijani ni tofauti?
Tofauti hii inatokana na nyenzo za msingi za semiconductor. Muundo wa AlGaInP (nyekundu) kwa kawaida una kinga bora dhidi ya kutokwa kwa umeme tuli kuliko muundo wa InGaN (kijani/bluu). Hii ni sifa ya msingi ya nyenzo. Hii inahitaji usindikaji wa ESD mwangalifu, hasa wakati wa kushughulika na chip za kijani.
10.3 "Bin" habari inamaanisha nini kwa muundo wangu?
Binning ensures color consistency. If your application requires multiple LEDs to appear the same color (e.g., an indicator bar), you should specify LEDs from the same wavelength bin code (HUE). Mixing different bins may result in visibly different red or green hues.
10.4 How many reflow cycles can this component undergo?
Uteuzi unaelekeza kuwa mzunguko wa upakiaji upya wa mkondo wa joto unaweza kufanywa mara mbili tu. Kila mzunguko wa joto huleta mkazo kwenye mshikamano wa chipi ya ndani na uunganishaji wa waya. Kuzidi mizunguko miwili huongeza hatari ya kutofaulu kwa uhakika.
11. Practical Design Case Analysis
Mazingira:Design a dual-color (red/green) status indicator for portable devices using a 3.3V power rail.
Design Steps:
- Component Selection:Choose 19-22/R6GHC-C02/2T because it has dual-color capability and a small size.
- Circuit Design:Two independent drive circuits are required (one for the red anode, one for the green anode, common cathode).
- Hesabu ya Upinzani:
- Kwa nyekundu (R6, IF lengwa=5mA, kwa usalama tumia VF ya juu=2.3V): R_nyekundu = (3.3V - 2.3V) / 0.005A = 200 Ω. Tumia upinzani wa kawaida wa 200 Ω au 220 Ω.
- Kwa kijani (GH, IF lengwa=5mA, tumia VF ya juu=3.4V): R_kijani = (3.3V - 3.4V) / 0.005A = -20 Ω. Hesabu hii inaonyesha kuwa 3.3V haitoshi kuendesha chipi ya kijani kwenye 5mA (VF ya kawaida ni 2.9V, lakini thamani ya juu ni 3.4V). Voltage ya usambazaji lazima iwe kubwa kuliko voltage ya mbele ya LED. Kwa LED ya kijani, voltage ya usambazaji ya juu zaidi inahitajika (mfano 5V) au mkondo wa kuendesha wa chini.
- Muundo wa PCB:Ikiwa inatumiwa kama kiashiria, weka LED karibu na ukingo wa bodi. Tumia mpangilio wa pad unaopendekezwa kwenye mchoro wa vipimo vya datasheet. Weka viunganisho vidogo vya kupoza kwenye pad ya cathode, ili kusaidia kwenye ufungaji na kutoa njia ya kupoza.
- Udhibiti wa Software:Udhibiti mdogo unaweza kudhibiti anodi nyekundu na kijani kwa kujitegemea, kuonyesha nyekundu, kijani, au (kupitia kubadilishana haraka) kahawia/ manjano.
12. Utangulizi wa Kanuni ya Uendeshaji
Diode ya mwanga (LED) ni kifaa cha semiconductor p-n junction kinachotoa mwanga kupitia mchakato unaoitwa electroluminescence. Wakati voltage chanya inatumika kwenye p-n junction, elektroni kutoka eneo la aina-n na mashimo kutoka eneo la aina-p huingizwa kwenye eneo lenye shughuli. Wakati hizi vibeba malipo (elektroni na mashimo) zinapounganishwa tena, hutoa nishati. Katika semiconductor za jadi kama silikoni, nishati hii hutolewa hasa kwa njia ya joto. Katika nyenzo za semiconductor zenye pengo la bendi moja kwa moja zinazotumiwa kwenye LED (AlGaInP kwa nyekundu/machungwa/manjano, InGaN kwa kijani/bluu/njeupe), sehemu kubwa ya nishati hii hutolewa kwa njia ya fotoni (mwanga). Urefu maalum wa wimbi la mwanga unaotolewa (rangi) huamuliwa na nishati ya pengo la bendi ya nyenzo ya semiconductor, na nishati ya pengo la bendi inadhibitiwa na muundo wake halisi wa kemikali. Kifaa 19-22 kina p-n junctions mbili kama hizo zilizotengenezwa kwa nyenzo tofauti ndani ya kifurushi kimoja, na hivyo kuruhusu utoaji wa rangi mbili tofauti.
13. Mwenendo wa Maendeleo ya Teknolojia
Sekta ya LED inaendelea kufuata njia kadhaa muhimu zinazohusiana na vipengele kama vile 19-22 SMD LED:
- Uboreshaji wa ufanisi:Uboreshaji endelevu wa ufanisi wa ndani wa quantum (IQE) na teknolojia ya uchimbaji wa mwanga, umewezesha kupata ukali mkubwa wa mwanga (mcd) kwa mkondo sawa wa pembejeo, au matumizi ya nguvu kidogo kwa pato sawa.
- Udogo:Uhamasishaji wa bidhaa za mwisho ndogo unachochea uwekaji wa LED kuelekea eneo la kukaa dogo na muundo wa chini, kufuata mielekeo kama vile uwekaji wa 1.6x0.8mm na 1.0x0.5mm.
- Uwiano wa Rangi na Uboreshaji wa Kugawanya:Maendeleo katika ukuaji wa epitaxial na udhibiti wa utengenezaji yamepunguza tofauti za asili za urefu wa wimbi na nguvu, na hivyo kuzalisha kugawanya madhubuti zaidi, kupunguza mahitaji ya kuchagua, au kufikia mchanganyiko wa rangi sahihi zaidi katika matumizi ya RGB.
- Uimarishaji wa Kudumu na Uthabiti:Mwelekeo wa utafiti uko katika kuongeza maisha ya kazi katika hali ya joto kali, na kuongeza uvumilivu wa ESD, hasa kwa chipi nyeti za kijani na bluu zinazotegemea InGaN.
- Suluhisho Zilizounganishwa:Mwelekeo ni kujumuisha upinzani wa kudhibiti mkondo, diode za ulinzi na hata IC ya kuendesha ndani ya LED ("LED zenye akili"), ili kurahisisha muundo wa saketi na kuokoa nafasi kwenye bodi ya saketi.
Detailed Explanation of LED Specification Terminology
Complete Explanation of LED Technical Terminology
I. Viashiria Muhimu vya Utendaji wa Umeme na Mwanga
| Istilahi | Vitengo/Uwakilishi | Popular Explanation | Why It Is Important |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ufanisi wa Mwanga (Luminous Efficacy) | lm/W (lumen/watt) | Mwanga unaotolewa kwa kila watt ya umeme, ufanisi wa juu zaidi unamaanisha matumizi bora ya nishati. | Huamua moja kwa moja kiwango cha ufanisi wa nishati wa taa na gharama ya umeme. |
| Luminous Flux | lm (lumen) | Jumla ya mwanga unaotolewa na chanzo cha mwanga, unaojulikana kwa jina la "mwangaza". | Huamua kama taa inatosha kuwa na mwangaza. |
| Pembe ya kuangazia (Viewing Angle) | ° (digrii), k.m. 120° | Pembe ambapo ukali wa mwanga hupungua kwa nusu, huamua upana wa boriti ya mwanga. | Huathiri eneo la mwangaza na usawa wake. |
| Joto la rangi (CCT) | K (Kelvin), k.m. 2700K/6500K | Joto la rangi ya mwanga, thamani ya chini inaelekea manjano/joto, thamani ya juu inaelekea nyeupe/baridi. | Inaamua mazingira ya taa na matumizi yanayofaa. |
| Kielelezo cha Uonyeshaji Rangi (CRI / Ra) | Hakuna kitengo, 0–100 | Uwezo wa chanzo cha mwanga kurejesha rangi halisi ya kitu, Ra≥80 ni bora. | Huathiri ukweli wa rangi, hutumika katika maeneo yenye mahitaji makubwa kama maduka makubwa, majumba ya sanaa, n.k. |
| Color Tolerance (SDCM) | MacAdam Ellipse Steps, e.g., "5-step" | A quantitative indicator of color consistency; a smaller step number indicates higher color consistency. | Kuhakikisha hakuna tofauti ya rangi kati ya taa za kundi moja. |
| Dominant Wavelength | nm (nanometer), kama 620nm (nyekundu) | Thamani ya urefu wa wimbi inayolingana na rangi ya LED zenye rangi. | Inaamua hue ya LED ya rangi moja kama nyekundu, manjano, kijani, n.k. |
| Usambazaji wa Wigo (Spectral Distribution) | Mkunjo wa Urefu wa Wimbi dhidi ya Nguvu | Inaonyesha usambazaji wa nguvu ya mwanga unaotolewa na LED katika kila urefu wa wimbi. | Inaathiri ubora wa kuonyesha rangi na ubora wa rangi. |
II. Vigezo vya Umeme
| Istilahi | Ishara | Popular Explanation | Mazingatio ya Ubunifu |
|---|---|---|---|
| Voltage ya Mbele (Forward Voltage) | Vf | Voltage ya chini inayohitajika ili LED iwashwe, kama vile "kizingiti cha kuanzisha". | Voltage ya chanzo cha umeme inahitaji kuwa ≥ Vf, voltage inajumlishwa wakati LED nyingi zimeunganishwa mfululizo. |
| Forward Current | If | The current value required for the LED to emit light normally. | Constant current drive is commonly used, as the current determines both brightness and lifespan. |
| Mkondo wa juu zaidi wa msukumo (Pulse Current) | Ifp | Peak current that can be withstood for a short duration, used for dimming or flashing. | Pulse width and duty cycle must be strictly controlled to prevent overheating damage. |
| Reverse Voltage | Vr | The maximum reverse voltage that an LED can withstand; exceeding it may cause breakdown. | Mzunguko unahitaji kuzuia uunganishaji kinyume au mshtuko wa voltage. |
| Thermal Resistance | Rth(°C/W) | Upinzani wa joto kutoka kwenye chip hadi kwenye sehemu ya kuuza, thamani ya chini inaonyesha usambazaji bora wa joto. | Upinzani wa juu wa joto unahitaji muundo wa nguvu zaidi wa usambazaji wa joto, vinginevyo joto la kiungo litaongezeka. |
| Uvumilivu wa Kutokwa na Umeme wa Tuli (ESD Immunity) | V (HBM), k.m. 1000V | Uwezo wa kukabiliana na mshtuko wa umeme wa tuli, thamani ya juu zaidi inamaanisha uwezekano mdogo wa kuharibika na umeme wa tuli. | Hatua za kinga dhidi ya umeme wa tuli zinahitajika katika uzalishaji, hasa kwa LED zenye unyeti wa juu. |
III. Usimamizi wa Joto na Uthabiti
| Istilahi | Viashiria Muhimu | Popular Explanation | Athari |
|---|---|---|---|
| Junction Temperature | Tj (°C) | The actual operating temperature inside the LED chip. | Kila kupungua kwa joto kwa 10°C, maisha ya taa yanaweza kuongezeka mara mbili; joto la juu sana linasababisha kupungua kwa mwanga na mabadiliko ya rangi. |
| Kupungua kwa Mwanga (Lumen Depreciation) | L70 / L80 (saa) | Muda unaohitajika ili mwangaza upunguke hadi 70% au 80% ya thamani ya awali. | Inafafanua moja kwa moja "maisha ya huduma" ya LED. |
| Lumen Maintenance | % (e.g., 70%) | The percentage of remaining brightness after a period of use. | Inaonyesha uwezo wa kudumisha mwangaza baada ya matumizi ya muda mrefu. |
| Color Shift | Δu′v′ or MacAdam ellipse | The degree of color change during use. | Affects the color consistency of the lighting scene. |
| Uzeefu wa joto (Thermal Aging) | Kupungua kwa utendaji wa nyenzo | Deterioration of packaging materials due to prolonged high temperatures. | May lead to decreased brightness, color shift, or open-circuit failure. |
IV. Packaging and Materials
| Istilahi | Aina za Kawaida | Popular Explanation | Sifa na Matumizi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Packaging Type | EMC, PPA, Ceramic | A housing material that protects the chip and provides optical and thermal interfaces. | EMC offers good heat resistance and low cost; ceramics provide excellent heat dissipation and long lifespan. |
| Chip structure | Front-side, Flip Chip | Chip electrode arrangement. | Flip Chip offers better heat dissipation and higher luminous efficacy, suitable for high-power applications. |
| Phosphor coating | YAG, silicate, nitride | Inayofunikwa kwenye chip ya mwanga wa bluu, sehemu hubadilishwa kuwa mwanga wa manjano/nyekundu, na kuchanganywa kuwa mwanga mweupe. | Fosfori tofauti huathiri ufanisi wa mwanga, halijoto ya rangi na ubora wa kuonyesha rangi. |
| Lenzi/Usanifu wa Optics | Flat, Microlens, Total Internal Reflection | Optical structure on the packaging surface to control light distribution. | Determine the light emission angle and light distribution curve. |
V. Quality Control and Binning
| Istilahi | Binning Content | Popular Explanation | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Luminous Flux Binning | Codes such as 2G, 2H | Group by brightness level, each group has a minimum/maximum lumen value. | Ensure consistent brightness within the same batch of products. |
| Mgawanyiko wa voltage | Msimbo kama vile 6W, 6X | Group by forward voltage range. | Facilitates driver matching and improves system efficiency. |
| Color binning. | 5-step MacAdam Ellipse | Group by color coordinates to ensure colors fall within a minimal range. | Hakikisha usawa wa rangi, epuka kutofautiana kwa rangi ndani ya taa moja. |
| Mgawanyiko wa joto la rangi | 2700K, 3000K, n.k. | Kugawanywa kulingana na joto la rangi, kila kikundi kina anuwai ya kuratibu inayolingana. | Kukidhi mahitaji ya joto la rangi kwa matukio tofauti. |
VI. Uchunguzi na Uthibitishaji
| Istilahi | Viwango/Uchunguzi | Popular Explanation | Maana |
|---|---|---|---|
| LM-80 | Upimaji wa Kudumisha Lumens | Kurekebisha chini ya hali ya joto la kudumu kwa muda mrefu, rekodi data ya kupungua kwa mwangaza. | Kutumia kukadiria maisha ya LED (kwa kuchanganya TM-21). |
| TM-21 | Lifespan Projection Standard | Estimating lifespan under actual operating conditions based on LM-80 data. | Toa utabiri wa kisayansi wa maisha ya taa. |
| IESNA Standard | Illuminating Engineering Society Standard | Inajumuisha mbinu za majaribio ya optiki, umeme na joto. | Msingi wa majaribio unaokubalika na tasnia. |
| RoHS / REACH | Eco-certification | Ensure products are free from hazardous substances (e.g., lead, mercury). | Masharti ya kuingia katika soko la kimataifa. |
| ENERGY STAR / DLC | Uthibitishaji wa Ufanisi wa Nishati | Uthibitishaji wa Ufanisi wa Nishati na Utendaji kwa Bidhaa za Taa. | Inatumika kwa kawaida katika ununuzi wa serikali, miradi ya ruzuku, na kuimarisha ushindani wa soko. |